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Topic:Veterinary Medicine
Veterinary medicine for horses encompasses the study and application of medical practices to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases in equine species. This field involves a comprehensive understanding of equine anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. Veterinary practitioners employ a range of diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions to address health issues in horses, including lameness, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory conditions, and infectious diseases. Preventative care, such as vaccination and deworming programs, is also a significant aspect of equine veterinary medicine. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of veterinary medicine as it pertains to horses, including advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and preventive health strategies.
Concentration of prostaglandins F in uterine venous plasma of anesthetized mares during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Prostaglandins F were quantitated by radioimmunoassay in uterine venous plasma of anesthetized mares on day 7 of estrus, days 2, 6, 10, 14 or 18 of diestrus and days 10, 14 or 18 of pregnancy. The PGF concentration was greater (P less than .01) at day 14 of diestrus than at all other days studied. The concentrations at days 10 and 18 of diestrus and at days 10, 14 and 18 of pregnancy were greater (P less than .05) than at day 7 of estrus and days 2 and 6 of diestrus. PGF concentrations at days 10 and 14 were greater (P less than .01) for diestrous than for pregnant mares.
The pregnancy protecting effect of progesterone against human chorionic gonadotrophin challenge in mares. 14 pregnant Welsh Mountain Pony mares were treated with progesterone in an effort to prevent pregnancy failure induced by administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (GCG). 13 of the 14 mares were treated with progesterone by injection or implant before the 38th day of pregnancy. HCG was given in 3 doses on alternate days at a dose rate of 2000 imc/day. The remaining mare was treated with HCG toward the end of the experiments to demonstrate the abortifacient property of HCG. 3 mares aborted and 1 of these was anovulatory thereafter. Further research is needed to determine the effective prog...
Hypoventilation in ponies after carotid body denervation. Seven ponies were subjected to carotid body denervation (CD) and two ponies were sham operated (S). Measurement of arterial blood gases and arterial blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) acid-base balance were made prior to and 1,2,4,9, and 17 wks after surgery in unanesthetized animals. Resting ventilation and ventilatory responsiveness to hypoxia and NaCN infusion were assessed prior to and 2,9, and 17 wks after surgery. Alveolar hypoventilation in the CD ponies was marked 1-2 wk after surgery when VE and VA were reduced 40% and 10%, respectively, from control and PaCO2 was 12-15 mmHg above co...
Isolation and some molecular parameters of elastase-like normal proteinases from horse blood leucocytes. Cytoplasmic granules were isolated from horse blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes by the heparin method and extracted with 0.9% NaCl by repeated freezing. Soluble proteins were separated on a column of Sephadex G-75 followed by chromatography on a column of CM-Sephadex with a NaCl gradient. Gel filtration, density-gradient centrifugation, isoelectric focusing and 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis at pH 7.0 and at pH 4.5 were used to determine molecular parameters of proteinases. Three enzymes hydrolysing both casein and N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-alanine nitrophenyl est...
Fiber types and size in equine skeletal muscle. Frozen sections of equine musculus semitendinosus were examined for myosin adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR), using standard histochemical procedures, and the proportions of the various fiber types and average fiber sectional size were determined. With ATPase staining, approximately 70% of the fibers were classified as alpha fibers (ATPase positive), and 30%, as beta fibers (ATPase negative). In addition, 2 populations of alpha fibers could be readily distinguished on the basis of the intensity of the ATPase reaction...
[Follow-up study on the hemostatic effect of the Vasolamin preparation in domestic animals]. In this paper the haemocoagulative effect of the Vasolamin preparation was examined after intravenous application in cattle, sheep, and horses by means of tests. After a laboratory confirmation of the coagulative effect of the tested preparation we used it for the purpose of haemostasis in the clinical practice. After an administration of the preparation faster coagulation of the blood was observed in all examined animals. The setting in of the effect could be observed already after 5 minutes, the maximum effect was recorded between the 15th and 30th minutes after application, and the effect l...
Hormonal pattern in the blood of eight mares during the first weeks of pregnancy. The hormonal pattern in the blood of eight mares was studied during the first 5 to 6 weeks of pregnancy; in two of the eight animals early embryonic death was established on D-28 and on D-40, respectively. Progesterone peaks were found in the blood around D-5, D-12 to D-10, and D-17 to D-18. It is suggested that the decrease of the progesterone concentrations in the blood during the intermediate periods is due to the action of oestrogens. During the period from D-18 to about D-34 the concentrations both of progesterone and of pregnenolone were low in the pregnant mares. Thereafter a small incr...
Chemical modification as a probe of the topography and reactivity of horse-spleen apoferritin. In apoferritin, but not in ferritin, 1.0 +/- 0.1 cysteine residue per subunit can be modified. In ferritin 3.3 +/- 0.3 lysine residues and 7.1 +/- 0.7 carboxyl groups per subunit can be modified, whilst the corresponding values for apoferritin are 4.4 +/- 0.4 lysine residues and 11.0 +/- 0.4 carboxyl groups per subunit. Modification of lysine residues which maleic anhydride and carboxyl groups with glycineamide in apoferritin which has been dissociated and denatured in guanidine hydrochloride leads to the introduction of 9.1 +/- 0.5 maleyl groups per subunit and 22.0 +/- 0.9 glycineamide resid...
Ultrastructural observations on Ehrlichia equi organisms in equine granulocytes. The ultrastructure of the etiological agent of equine ehrlichiosis, Ehrlichia equi, was studied in equine peripheral leukocytes. The organisms occurred within membrane-lined cytoplasmic vacuoles of neutrophils and eosinophils. Ovoid, round, and rod-shaped profiles were observed. From 1 to 33 organisms were present in a thin-section profile of a cytoplasmic vacuole. Many cells contained multiple organism-containing vacuoles. The organisms had a cell wall and plasma membrane, and internally they consisted of electron-dense and lucid areas. A great variation in size was observed. The morphologica...
Ligand binding properties of horse hemoglobins containing deutero- and mesoheme. The reactions of horse globin reconstituted with proto-, deutero-, and mesoheme have been examined by equilibrium and kinetic methods. In virtually all reactions studied, mesohemoglobin displays the more extreme functional behavior, whereas deuterohemoglobin exhibits behavior which is either very similar to native hemoglobin or intermediate between the two. Our kinetic and equilibrium results indicate that the primary effect of heme modification on the functional properties of hemoglobin is to alter the intrinsic reactivities of the deoxy and liganded conformations. Heme modification does not,...
Transmission of equine infectious anemia virus by Tabanus fuscicostatus. The mechanical transmission of equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus by Tabanus fuscicostatus was investigated. In 1 of 7 transmission trials, a single horsefly transmitted EIA virus from an acutely infected pony to a susceptible pony. Groups of horseflies isolated for 3, 10, or 30 minutes before refeeding transmitted EIA virus, whereas those isolated for 4 or 24 hours did not. Data from field studies indicate that the home range or flight distance of horseflies may exceed 4 miles. That information together with our observations suggest that segregation of infected horses (usually defined as at...
Osteodystrophia fibrosa in horses at pasture in Queensland: field and laboratory observations. Horses grazing manily Cenchrus ciliaris and/or Panicum maximum var. trichoglume pastures on over 30 properties in southern central Queensland developed lesions of osteodystrophia fibrosa. Horses on individual properties in coastal Queensland grazing Setaria anceps, Brachiaria mutica or Pennisetum clandestinum also developed the disease. Ill-thrift, lameness, and fibrous swellings of nasal bones, maxillae and mandibles were observed. Calcium and phosphorus levels of pasture were normal but all the above pasture species contained oxalates which were suspected of causing the disease.
[Values of acid-base equilibrium in the blood of various species of domestic animals]. By means of the Astrup equilibration method the values of the acid-base balance of the blood were determined in 104 cows, 99 horses, 100 pigs, 15 sheep, 20 goats, and in 101 dogs. The pH values of the blood, the partial pressure of CO2, the base excess, the base buffer, the standard bicarbonate, the actual bicarbonate, and the total CO2 were processed statistically and are presented in tables.
