Veterinary medicine for horses encompasses the study and application of medical practices to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases in equine species. This field involves a comprehensive understanding of equine anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. Veterinary practitioners employ a range of diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions to address health issues in horses, including lameness, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory conditions, and infectious diseases. Preventative care, such as vaccination and deworming programs, is also a significant aspect of equine veterinary medicine. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of veterinary medicine as it pertains to horses, including advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and preventive health strategies.
Lawrence WC.Autoradiographic analyses of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis in randomly growing KB cell cultures infected with equine abortion virus (EAV) suggested that viral DNA synthesis was initiated only at times that coincided with the entry of noninfected control cells into the S phase of the cell cycle. Synchronized cultures of KB cells were infected at different stages of the cell cycle, and rates of synthesis of cellular and viral DNA were measured. When cells were infected at different times within the S phase, viral DNA synthesis was initiated 2 to 3 hr after infection. However, when cells ...
The Journal of hygieneJune 1, 1971
Volume 69, Issue 2 201-207 doi: 10.1017/s0022172400021434
Sinclair IS, McCormick JS, Clark JG.The three heterologous anti-sera currently provided for tetanus prophylaxis have been compared with reference to the production of untoward reactions in 498 patients, and to the blood antitoxin concentrations produced in 76 patients. Equine serum, although giving rise to more reactions, was the only effective agent in terms of the levels and duration of serum antitoxin concentration produced. The local response to a test dose of any of the three sera is not a reliable guide to immediate or late general reactions.
Cabasso VJ, Nieman R, Schroeder DD, Hok KA, Louie RE, Mozen MM.A horse has been immunized with Australia antigen (Au/SH) purified 20-fold by a procedure employing gel filtration of Cohn fraction IV derived from an Au/SH-positive human plasma pool. Hyperimmunization was initiated by the intramuscular injection of 20 ml of a mixture of equal parts of purified Au/SH and complete Freund's adjuvant. The 20-ml volume was divided into four 5-ml doses, two of which were administered on each side of the horse's neck. Booster doses of antigen alone were given as follows: 10 ml intravenously 30 days later and 5 ml intramuscularly on each of days 77 and 205. Au/SH an...
DeMeio JL, DeSanctis AN.Normal and immune sera were obtained from horses immunized with either aqueous, alum, or adjuvant bivalent vaccines containing Milford equine 2 virus. Upon heating at 56 C for 30 min, a factor, required for hemagglutination-inhibition but not complement fixation or neutralization testing, was destroyed. This factor which is present in normal sera does not appear to be complement.
Barnett AL, Steel JD, Stewart GA.Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin was estimated in 166 Thoroughbred horses and the mean value was found to be 4o vg.Poo ml. packed cells. Signifi-cantly lower haemoglobin concentrations were found in 21 horses whose erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentration was 7o p.g.lioo ml. packed cells or greater.
Ravanetti P, Hamon M, Lechartier A, Zucca E.Surgical repair of unicortical fractures of the distal condyles of the third metacarpal/metatarsal bones (MCIII/MTIII) has been described. In the present case, a bioabsorbable screw was used to stabilize a unicortical fracture in the palmar aspect of the medial condyle of MCIII in a National Hunt Thoroughbred racehorse. The clinical, radiographic, and magnetic resonance imaging findings before and after surgery were recorded. Eighteen weeks after surgery, the lameness had resolved and the bone surrounding the fracture had recovered its normal architecture. One year after surgery, the horse was...
Strömberg B.Thermography in veterinary medicine has hitherto been proven to be a method of great value in the detection of orthopaedic lesions in racehorses. Lesions of the musculo-skeletal system affecting tendons, joints, bones and skeletal muscle can be demonstrated and documented at an early stage thereby preventing the development of more serious lesions.
Decloedt A, Bailly-Chouriberry L, Vanden Bussche J, Garcia P, Popot MA, Bonnaire Y, Vanhaecke L.Doping control is a main priority for regulatory bodies of both the horse racing industry and the equestrian sports. Urine and blood samples are screened for the presence of hundreds of forbidden substances including anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs). Based on the suspected endogenous origin of some AASs, with β-boldenone as the most illicit candidate, this study aimed to improve the knowledge of the naturally present AAS in horse urine. To this extent, a novel ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated according to...
Attenburrow DP, Flack FC, Portergill MJ.The technique of impedance plethysmography is described and its application to observation of lung volume changes in the horse at exercise is discussed. The results from horse at rest show that there is a close relationship between rate of lung volume change (flow rate) and the associated impedance changes during both inspiration and expiration. Impedance changes during exercise were related to inspiration and expiration by observation of associated respiratory sounds. Artefacts related to technical difficulties are also indicated.
Rigert S, Geyer H, Kummer M.The following case report describes the treatment of canker in a 14 years old warmblood gelding. The horse showed the typical appearance with caseous surface and early detachment of the superficial horn layers. The histological results show a severe degradation in the germinal layer of the epidermis of the frog. Surgical therapy under general anaesthesia was performed. On all limbs a tourniquet was applied and all abnormal tissue in the region of the frog and also the subdermal tissue underneath were removed. Postoperatively the horse was treated with hoof bandages for 2 weeks. Treatment plate...
Lang G.Equine kidney cells disaggregated by treatment with 0.01% collagenase were used in the preparation of primary monolayer cell cultures. The primary cells could be stored for long periods in liquid nitrogen and subsequently subcultivated. These techniques provided a long-term supply of equine kidney cells, free of apparent contamination, from the kidneys of a single fetus.
Oliveira SN, Andrade LRP, Silva LFMC, Araujo EAB, Rayashi RM, Segabinazzi LGTM, Alvarenga MA, Dell'Aqua CP, Dell'Aqua JA, Papa FO.Treatments for seminal vesiculitis have poor outcomes in stallions; thus, the development of alternative strategies is warranted. This study aimed to evaluate fractionated semen collection as a method to restore the fertility of stallions diagnosed with seminal vesiculitis. Eighteen ejaculates from six stallions (three ejaculates/stallion) diagnosed with seminal vesiculitis were harvested in fractions, as follows: Fraction A (FA), the first two jets; Fraction B (FB), the third and fourth jets; and Fraction C (FC), the fifth and remaining jets of the ejaculate. All fractions were subject to sta...
Tennent-Brown BS, Goetz TE, Manohar M, Hassan AS, Freeman DE, Bundy JS, Evans MR.Hyperhydration, prior to prolonged moderate-intensity exercise simulating the 2nd day of a 3-day equestrian event (E3DEC), may induce arterial hypoxaemia detrimental to performance. Objective: Because moderate-intensity exercise does not induce arterial hypoxaemia in healthy horses, the effects of pre-exercise hypervolaemia on arterial oxygenation were examined during a prolonged exercise protocol. Methods: Blood-gas studies were carried out on 7 healthy, exercise-trained Thoroughbred horses in control and hyperhydration experiments. The study conformed to a randomised crossover design. The se...
Bertone JJ.Six standing awake adult horses were instrumented for measurement of mean arterial, central venous, and pulmonary arterial blood pressures (mm of Hg), thermodilution cardiac output (ml/kg/min), and pulmonary arterial blood temperature (C). Total peripheral resistance was calculated from these values. Base-line data were accumulated, and a single dose of hydralazine HCl (0.5 mg/kg) was administered IV. Horses were monitored for 420 minutes after hydralazine administration. Mean arterial and central venous blood pressures did not change from the base-line values. Cardiac output and heart rate we...
Allen WR, Bowen JM, Frank CJ, Jeffcott LB, Rossdale PD.This short review article describes the various techniques currently available for artificial insemination in the horse. The collection and use of raw and extended semen is discussed together with the more recent developments in freezing semen. The expected conception rates with both fresh and frozen semen are quoted. The possible benefits in disease control and stud management are discussed, as well as the difficulties in controlling the use of A.I. from the Breed Registration Authorities point of view.
Alberti E, Stucchi L, Stancari G, Ferro E, Ferrucci F, Zucca E.Only few data regarding normal resting blood pressure in horses and the influence of cardiac diseases on arterial blood pressure are available in literature. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible influence of age, sex, breed, bodyweight, and cardiac diseases and their severity on blood pressure values measured in horses with cardiac disease and in a control group. For this case-control study, indirect blood pressure measurement was performed in 60 horses with different types of cardiac disease and in 23 healthy horses (control group), by means of an ultrasonic blood-...
Nickels FA.Conditions of this portion of the respiratory tract are relatively uncommon. This article reviews these conditions and discusses the different modes of therapy. The conditions covered are redundant alar folds, diseases of the nasal septum, fungal infections, neoplasms, nasal polyps, and ethmoid hematomas. The different surgical approaches to the nasal cavity are reviewed, and surgery of removal of the nasal septum and the alar fold are described.
Brown CM.This article reviews the etiology, clinical findings, and significance of diseases of the heart valves, myocardium, pericardium, and great vessels of the horse. Each valve is considered separately from the point of view of murmur production. In addition, the role of the cardiovascular system in the etiology of sudden and unexpected death is considered.
Smith R, Parsons J, Dixon J.Desmopathy of the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint is a common cause of equine foot lameness and carries a poor prognosis with conservative management. Intralesional injections may improve healing, although accuracy of radiographically guided injections is significantly less than when guided by MRI, which requires special needles. Longitudinal ultrasound-guided injection of the distal collateral ligament has not been evaluated objectively. In this prospective, anatomic study, seven equine cadaver limbs (14 collateral ligaments) were injected with methylene blue dye and ...
Forster HV, Pan LG, Flynn C, Bisgard GE, Hoffer RE.We determined whether the [CO2] in the upper airways (UA) can influence breathing in ponies and whether UA [CO2] contributes to the attenuation of a thermal tachypnea during periods of elevated inspired CO2. Six ponies were studied 1 mo after chronic tracheostomies were created. For one protocol the ponies were breathing room air through a cuffed endotracheal tube. Another smaller tube was placed in the tracheostomy and directed up the airway. By use of this tube, a pump, and prepared gas mixtures, UA [CO2] was altered without affecting alveolar or arterial PCO2. When the ponies were at a neut...
Moorthy AR, Spradbrow PB.Mycoplasmas were isolated from two of 43 nasal swabs taken from live horses, and from one of 28 tracheal swabs taken from slaughtered horses. The slaughtered horse that yielded mycoplasmas had no gross pathological changes in the respiratory tract, but the nasal isolations were made from horses with rhinitis. The three mycoplasmas could be distinguished by cultural characteristics, and probably they represent three different species.
