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Topic:Veterinary Medicine

Veterinary medicine for horses encompasses the study and application of medical practices to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases in equine species. This field involves a comprehensive understanding of equine anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. Veterinary practitioners employ a range of diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions to address health issues in horses, including lameness, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory conditions, and infectious diseases. Preventative care, such as vaccination and deworming programs, is also a significant aspect of equine veterinary medicine. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of veterinary medicine as it pertains to horses, including advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and preventive health strategies.
Prevalence of antibodies to spotted fever group rickettsiae in humans and domestic animals in a Brazilian spotted fever-endemic area in the state of São Paulo, Brazil: serologic evidence for infection by Rickettsia rickettsii and another spotted fever group Rickettsia.
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene    July 9, 2004   Volume 71, Issue 1 93-97 
Horta MC, Labruna MB, Sangioni LA, Vianna MC, Gennari SM, Galvão MA, Mafra CL, Vidotto O, Schumaker TT, Walker DH.In serum samples obtained from all the healthy humans, horses, dogs, and donkeys present on three farms in the Pedreira Municipality, an endemic area for Brazilian spotted fever, an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) detected antibodies against Rickettsia rickettsii in 17 (77.3%) horses, 5 (31.3%) dogs (titers ranging from 64 to 4,048), and none of 4 donkeys or 50 humans. Five canine and eight equine sera with high antibody titers to R. rickettsii were also tested by IFA against R. bellii, R. akari, and R. africae antigens. Sera from two horses and two dogs that showed similar high antibo...
Endocrine-paracrine cells of the male urogenital apparatus: a comparative histochemical and immunohistochemical study in some domestic ungulates.
Anatomia, histologia, embryologia    July 9, 2004   Volume 33, Issue 4 225-232 doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2004.00541.x
Arrighi S, Cremonesi F, Bosi G, Domeneghini C.Specimens of testis, excurrent duct including the male accessory glands and urethra, were studied in boars, bulls, horses and donkeys, in order to localize endocrine/paracrine cells. Silver impregnation methods were used to test the argentaffinity and/or argyrophilia of cells. Immunoreactivities to chromogranin A, 5-hydroxytryptamine, somatostatin, [met]- and [leu]- enkephalins, gastrin-releasing peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, neuropeptide Y, substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide, beta-endorphin antisera were tested by a streptavidin-biotin method. In the testis, epididymis, du...
A focal outbreak of Japanese Encephalitis among horses in Pune district, India.
The Journal of communicable diseases    July 9, 2004   Volume 35, Issue 1 40-42 
Raut CG, Thakare JP, Padbidri VS, Sapkal GN, Mishra AC, Paramasivan R, Gokhale MD, Mourya DT, Shouche YS, Jayakumar PC.No abstract available
West Nile virus infection of horses.
Veterinary research    July 9, 2004   Volume 35, Issue 4 467-483 doi: 10.1051/vetres:2004022
Castillo-Olivares J, Wood J.West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus closely related to Japanese encephalitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses that is primarily maintained in nature by transmission cycles between mosquitoes and birds. Occasionally, WNV infects and causes disease in other vertebrates, including humans and horses. West Nile virus has re-emerged as an important pathogen as several recent outbreaks of encephalomyelitis have been reported from different parts of Europe in addition to the large epidemic that has swept across North America. This review summarises the main features of WNV infection in the horse, ...
Recent developments in research into the Cyathostominae and Anoplocephala perfoliata.
Veterinary research    July 9, 2004   Volume 35, Issue 4 371-381 doi: 10.1051/vetres:2004026
Matthews JB, Hodgkinson JE, Dowdall SM, Proudman CJ.Intestinal helminths are an important cause of equine disease. Of these parasites, the Cyathostominae are the commonest group that infect horses. These nematodes consist of a complex tribe of 51 species, although individual horses tend to harbour 10 or so common species, in addition to a few rarer species. The Cyathostominae can be extremely pathogenic, and high levels of infection result in clinical symptoms ranging from chronic weight loss to colic, diarrhoea and death. As part of their life cycle, immature cyathostomins penetrate the large intestinal wall, where they can enter a state of in...
Excision as treatment of dermal melanomatosis in horses: 11 cases (1994-2000).
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association    July 9, 2004   Volume 225, Issue 1 94-96 doi: 10.2460/javma.2004.225.94
Rowe EL, Sullins KE.To determine whether excision was an acceptable treatment for dermal melanomatosis in horses. Methods: Retrospective study. Methods: 11 horses with dermal melanomatosis involving the perineal, perianal, or perirectal region or ventral surface of the tail in which treatment consisted of tumor excision. Methods: Medical records were reviewed. Follow-up information was obtained from owners through telephone interviews. Results: 9 of the 11 horses were alive at the time of follow-up interviews. None of the horses had regrowth at the surgery site where the primary tumor was removed. There were no c...
Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in animals by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica    July 6, 2004   Volume 112, Issue 4-5 239-247 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2004.apm11204-0503.x
Hulínská D, Langrová K, Pejcoch M, Pavlásek I.The aim of this study was to detect Anaplasma phagocytophilum in wild and domesticated animals and to identify the phylogenetic relationships of different strains of this bacterium. We adapted six published conventional methods targeting 16S fragments for real-time polymerase chain reaction. Initial screening of samples from 419 animals found 37 Anaplasma positives, later confirmed with several different primers and a TaqMan probe. We also performed DNA quantification and melting curve analysis. The nucleic acid of Anaplasma sp. was detected in a higher percentage of cases in members of the de...
Validated capillary electrophoretic method for the analysis of ivermectin in plasma after intragastric administration in pigs and horses.
Biomedical chromatography : BMC    July 6, 2004   Volume 18, Issue 5 302-310 doi: 10.1002/bmc.320
Kowalski P, Bieniecki M, Oledzka I, Lamparczyk H.A capillary electrophoretic (CE) method has been developed for the determination of ivermectin (CAS 70288-86-7), a new generation drug with antiparasitic activity, in pig and horse plasma. The method was statistically validated for its linearity, accuracy, precision and selectivity. The linear range was from 1 to 30 ng mL(-1) with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. The limit of detection was 0.3 ng mL(-1), while the quantitative limit was 1 ng mL(-1), using a 0.5 mL sample size. The validated procedure was used to determination of pharmacokinetic parameters of ivermectin after ingest...
Mesenteric myofibroblastoma in a horse.
The Veterinary record    July 6, 2004   Volume 154, Issue 25 795-796 doi: 10.1136/vr.154.25.795
Hikita M, Ishikawa Y, Shibahara T, Kadota K.No abstract available
Factors associated with mortality and morbidity in small intestinal volvulus in horses.
Veterinary surgery : VS    July 3, 2004   Volume 33, Issue 4 340-348 doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2004.04049.x
Stephen JO, Corley KT, Johnston JK, Pfeiffer D.To determine historical, physical, and clinical factors that may affect morbidity and mortality in horses with small intestinal volvulus unrelated to other causes (e.g., incarceration, lipoma, etc.). Methods: Retrospective study. Methods: Client-owned horses (115), aged 1 month to 21 years. Methods: Data were obtained from medical records, identified by computer search and manual review. Continuous variables were compared between affected and non-affected horses with Mann-Whitney U-tests and non-continuous variables with Fisher's exact test (2 x 2 tables) or chi(2)-tests (larger tables). Stepw...
Performance after partial arytenoidectomy without mucosal closure in 27 Thoroughbred racehorses.
Veterinary surgery : VS    July 3, 2004   Volume 33, Issue 4 398-403 doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2004.04058.x
Barnes AJ, Slone DE, Lynch TM.To examine the effect of partial arytenoidectomy without mucosal closure on postoperative racing performance and long-term complications in Thoroughbred racehorses treated for laryngeal hemiplegia, arytenoid chondropathy, or failed laryngoplasty. Methods: Retrospective study. Methods: Twenty-seven Thoroughbred racehorses. Methods: Medical records of Thoroughbred racehorses that had partial arytenoidectomy without mucosal closure between 1992 and 2002 were reviewed. Horses were divided into groups: horses that had not raced (Group 1) and those that had raced (Group 2) before surgery. Lifetime r...
Parainguinal laparocystotomy for urolith removal in geldings.
Veterinary surgery : VS    July 3, 2004   Volume 33, Issue 4 386-390 doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2004.04056.x
Beard W.To describe parainguinal laparocystotomy for urolith removal and to report outcome. Methods: Prospective clinical study. Methods: Ten geldings with uroliths. Methods: Signalment, number, size, type of uroliths, surgical technique, and complications were recorded. Long-term follow-up was obtained by telephone interviews with the client and/or examination by the referring veterinarian. Results: Cystic calculi, 3-9 cm in diameter, were removed by parainguinal laparocystotomy. Mean surgical time was 59 minutes (range, 40-100 minutes). With this approach, ligation of the pudendal or superficial epi...
Quantification of Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to equine bone surfaces passivated with Plasmalyte and hyperimmune plasma.
Veterinary surgery : VS    July 3, 2004   Volume 33, Issue 4 376-381 doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2004.04054.x
Bauer SM, Santschi EM, Fialkowski J, Clayton MK, Proctor RA.To quantify the adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus to 4 equine bone surfaces passivated in a balanced polyionic solution (Plasmalyte) or hyperimmune equine plasma (Polymune plasma). Methods: In vitro comparative study. Methods: Third metacarpal bone (MC3) surface explants from 9 equine cadavers. Methods: Approximately 1 cm(2) sections of periosteum were removed from MC3 and stapled to sterile stainless steel screens. Three bone surface explants were cut using a surgical saw to present 1 cm(2) surfaces of subperiosteal bone, cut cortical bone, or endosteum. Duplicate explants of each surface wer...
Acute recumbency associated with Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in a horse.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association    July 3, 2004   Volume 224, Issue 12 1964-1931 
Nolen-Walston RD, D'Oench SM, Hanelt LM, Sharkey LC, Paradis MR.An 11-year-old Hanoverian-cross gelding was evaluated because of acute onset of ataxia, recumbency, and fever. At the stable, this and other horses had recently been infested with ticks. Results of analysis of a sample of CSF were within reference limits, but hematologic abnormalities included lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, mild anemia, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neutrophils that were consistent with Anaplasma phagocytophilum (previously Ehrlichia equi). Results of serum biochemical analyses were characteristic of infection and included high, unconjugated bilirubin concentration....
Estimate of size and total number of neurons in superior cervical ganglion of rat, capybara and horse.
Anatomy and embryology    July 3, 2004   Volume 208, Issue 5 367-380 doi: 10.1007/s00429-004-0407-0
Ribeiro AA, Davis C, Gabella G.The superior (cranial) cervical ganglion was investigated by light microscopy in adult rats, capybaras (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) and horses. The ganglia were vascularly perfused, embedded in resin and cut into semi-thin sections. An unbiased stereological procedure (disector method) was used to estimate ganglion neuron size, total number of ganglion neurons, neuronal density. The volume of the ganglion was 0.5 mm3 in rats, 226 mm3 in capybaras and 412 mm3 in horses. The total number of neurons per ganglion was 18,800, 1,520,000 and 3,390,000 and the number of neurons per cubic millimetre was...
Small intestinal volvulus in 115 horses: 1988-2000.
Veterinary surgery : VS    July 3, 2004   Volume 33, Issue 4 333-339 doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2004.04048.x
Stephen JO, Corley KT, Johnston JK, Pfeiffer D.To evaluate the historical data, signalment, clinical signs, results of laboratory analyses, treatment, and outcome of horses with small intestinal (SI) volvulus. Methods: Retrospective study. Methods: One hundred and fifteen client-owned horses, aged 1 month to 21 years. Methods: Clinical signs, laboratory data, surgical or necropsy findings, and outcome for horses with SI volvulus were obtained from medical records, identified by computer search and manual review. Results: There was no statistical difference in signalment between cases and the hospital population. Seventy-four percent of hor...
DNA vaccines–back in the saddle again?
Nature biotechnology    July 2, 2004   Volume 22, Issue 7 799-801 doi: 10.1038/nbt0704-799
Powell K.A promising new horse vaccine may reignite enthusiasm for DNA vaccine technology in designing prophylactics against infectious disease. Kendall Powell reports.
Certification of imported equine semen.
The Veterinary record    July 1, 2004   Volume 154, Issue 24 767 
Gibbens N.No abstract available
Kinetic studies and production rate of equine (e) FSH in ovariectomized pony mares. Application to the determination of a dosage regimen for eFSH in a superovulation treatment.
The Journal of endocrinology    July 1, 2004   Volume 182, Issue 1 43-54 doi: 10.1677/joe.0.1820043
Briant C, Toutain PL, Ottogalli M, Magallon T, Guillaume D.The appropriate dosage regimen for equine FSH (eFSH) (dose, dosing interval) administration in a superovulation treatment in pony mares was determined by a kinetic approach using production rates and kinetic parameters of elimination of the hormone. Two dosage regimens were then tested in superovulation protocols. The eFSH production rates were determined by sampling four ovariectomized pony mares every 10 min for 8 h during the breeding season. Kinetic parameters were determined by administering four dose levels of a preparation of eFSH (4.4, 8.8, 17.6 and 35.2 micro g/kg) by the i.v. route t...
Effect of L-carnitine administration on the seminal characteristics of oligoasthenospermic stallions.
Theriogenology    July 1, 2004   Volume 62, Issue 3-4 761-777 doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2003.11.018
Stradaioli G, Sylla L, Zelli R, Chiodi P, Monaci M.The effect of orally administered l-carnitine on the quality of semen obtained from stallions with different semen qualities was investigated. Four stallions with proven fertility (high motility group, HM) and with normal seminal characteristics (>50% progressive motility and > 80 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml), and four questionable breeders (low motility group, LM) with <50% of sperm progressive motility and < 80 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml, received p.o. 20 g of l-carnitine for 60 days. Blood and semen samples were collected before treatment (T0) and after 30 (T1) and 60 days (T2). Semen ev...
Conjunctival habronemiosis in a horse in Belgium.
The Veterinary record    July 1, 2004   Volume 154, Issue 24 757-758 doi: 10.1136/vr.154.24.757
Gasthuys FM, van Heerden M, Vercruysse J.No abstract available
Peripartal endocrinology in the mare and foetus.
Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene    July 1, 2004   Volume 39, Issue 4 222-231 doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2004.00507.x
Ousey JC.The endocrine profiles in the periparturient mares are dominated by increasing concentrations of progestagens and decreasing oestrogens. These hormones are produced by precursors from the foetus, metabolized by the placenta and act primarily on the maternal uterus. The circulating concentrations of hormones in maternal plasma, generally, represent a small proportion of those metabolized by the foetus and utero-placental tissues. There is clear evidence that the foetal hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis initiates the process of foetal maturation and the hormonal cascade which culminates i...
The uveitogenic potential of retinal S-antigen in horses.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science    June 30, 2004   Volume 45, Issue 7 2286-2292 doi: 10.1167/iovs.03-1226
Deeg CA, Reese S, Gerhards H, Wildner G, Kaspers B.To investigate the uveitogenic potential of retinal S-antigen (S-Ag) in horses. Methods: Horses were immunized subcutaneously with S-Ag or BSA as control antigen, emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. Simultaneously, Bordetella pertussis was given intravenously. Antigen specific T- and B-cell responses were analyzed in a 3-day interval. Disease development was judged clinically and histopathologically. Two identical booster immunizations were given every 4 weeks to test induction of recurrences. Results: T- and B-cell responses specific for S-Ag were observed in all immunized horses but we...
Comparison of systolic cardiac function before and after treatment of atrial fibrillation in horses with and without additional cardiac valve insufficiencies.
Veterinary research communications    June 30, 2004   Volume 28, Issue 4 317-329 doi: 10.1023/b:verc.0000026672.25856.0a
Gehlen H, Stadler P.Clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic examinations were conducted before therapy and 4 days after conversion to normal sinus rhythm in 15 horses with a history of atrial fibrillation of 2-6 months duration. Seven horses showed no other signs of cardiac disease. Four horses suffered additionally from mitral valve insufficiency, while six horses had aortic valve insufficiency, including two of the four horses with mitral valve insufficiency, but none had signs of congestive heart failure. Doppler echocardiographic estimates of various variables were made for assessment of systolic...
Inheritance of guttural pouch tympany in the arabian horse.
The Journal of heredity    June 29, 2004   Volume 95, Issue 3 195-199 doi: 10.1093/jhered/esh041
Blazyczek I, Hamann H, Ohnesorge B, Deegen E, Distl O.The objective of the present study was to analyze the mode of inheritance of guttural pouch tympany (GPT) using pedigrees of Arabian horses. Complex segregation analyses were employed to test for the significance of nongenetic transmission and for monogenic, polygenic, and mixed monogenic-polygenic modes of inheritance. Horses affected by GPT comprised 27 Arabian purebred foals. Of these 27 animals, 22 were patients at the Clinic for Horses, School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany, between 1994 and 2001 and 5 Arabian foals were from stud farms. Information on the pedigrees of...
Attempt to control the day of ovulation in cycling pony mares by associating a GnRH antagonist with hCG.
Domestic animal endocrinology    June 29, 2004   Volume 27, Issue 2 165-178 doi: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2004.03.004
Briant C, Ottogalli M, Guillaume D.With the objective of controlling the day of ovulation, 40 mares were assigned to a control or three treated groups: A3d, A4d, and A5d. The treated groups received antarelix (Teverelix 0.01 mg/kg, i.v., twice a day) for 3, 4, or 5 days from the day the dominant follicle (F1) reached 28 mm (=D0), and one injection of hCG (1600 IU, i.v.) on D1, D2, or D3, respectively. Control mares received one injection of hCG when F1 reached 35 mm. Plasma LH, FSH, progesterone, and total estrogens were assayed. In the A3d, A4d, and A5d groups, 9 (90%), 6 (60%), and 5 (50%) out of 10 mares, respectively, ovula...
First case of equine nocardioform placentitis caused by Crossiella equi in Europe.
The Veterinary record    June 25, 2004   Volume 154, Issue 23 730-731 doi: 10.1136/vr.154.23.730
Cattoli G, Vascellari M, Corrò M, Capua I, Mutinelli F, Sells SF, Donahue JM.No abstract available
Ultrasound-guided biopsy as a diagnostic aid in three horses with a cranial mediastinal lymphosarcoma.
The Veterinary record    June 25, 2004   Volume 154, Issue 23 722-726 doi: 10.1136/vr.154.23.722
De Clercq D, van Loon G, Lefère L, Deprez P.An ultrasound examination of the thorax of three horses which were performing poorly or had mild signs of colic showed that they had a cranial mediastinal mass and a pleural effusion. A cytological examination of the pleural fluid showed that it did not contain neoplastic cells. A histological examination of an ultrasound-guided core biopsy of the cranial mediastinal mass showed that in each of the three horses it was a lymphosarcoma.
Molecular detection of Culicoides spp. and Culicoides imicola, the principal vector of bluetongue (BT) and African horse sickness (AHS) in Africa and Europe.
Veterinary research    June 24, 2004   Volume 35, Issue 3 325-337 doi: 10.1051/vetres:2004015
Cêtre-Sossah C, Baldet T, Delécolle JC, Mathieu B, Perrin A, Grillet C, Albina E.Bluetongue (BT) and African Horse Sickness (AHS) are infectious arthropod-borne viral diseases affecting ruminants and horses, respectively. Culicoides imicola Kieffer, 1913, a biting midge, is the principal vector of these livestock diseases in Africa and Europe. Recently bluetongue disease has re-emerged in the Mediterranean Basin and has had a devastating effect on the sheep industry in Italy and on the islands of Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica and the Balearics, but fortunately, has not penetrated onto mainland France and Spain. To survey for the presence of C. imicola, an extensive light-trap ...
[Voorjaarsdagen (Spring Days) 2004: the horse].
Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde    June 24, 2004   Volume 129, Issue 11 372-374 
Reijerkerk E, Westermann C.No abstract available