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Topic:Veterinary Practice
Veterinary practice in relation to horses encompasses the medical care, management, and treatment of equine species. This field involves various aspects of equine health, including preventive care, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases, surgical interventions, and emergency care. Equine veterinarians employ a range of diagnostic tools and techniques such as physical examinations, imaging, and laboratory tests to assess and monitor horse health. In addition to addressing physical ailments, veterinary practice also includes nutritional management, reproductive health, and performance-related issues. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the methodologies, advancements, and outcomes in veterinary practices specific to equine health.
Prognostic value of clinicopathologic variables obtained at admission and effect of antiendotoxin plasma on survival in septic and critically ill foals. This prospective study compared survival rates of critically ill and septic foals receiving 1 of 2 different types of commercial equine plasma and analyzed admission variables as possible predictors of survival. Standardized clinical, hematologic, biochemical, and hemostatic admission data were collected and foals received either conventional commercially available hyperimmune equine plasma or equine plasma specifically rich in antiendotoxin antibodies in a double-blinded, coded fashion. Sepsis was defined as true bacteremia or sepsis score >11. Overall survival rate to discharge was 72% (4...
The pharmacokinetics of orbifloxacin in the horse following oral and intravenous administration. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and physicochemical characteristics of orbifloxacin in the horse. Six healthy adult horses were administered oral and intravenous orbifloxacin at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg. Plasma samples were collected and analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Plasma protein binding and lipophilicity were determined in vitro. Following i.v. administration, orbifloxacin had a terminal half-life (t1/2) of 5.08 h and a volume of distribution (V(d(SS))) of 1.58 L/kg. Following oral administration, the average maximum p...
Dentoalveolar and mandibular body fractures caused by a horse kick: report of a case. A rare case of multiple mandibular fractures and severe facial laceration is presented. The cause was a horse hoof kick to an unmounted equestrian. The pertinent literature is reviewed and the maxillofacial injuries associated with animal interaction are discussed.
Arthroscopic approaches to the palmar aspect of the equine carpus. To identify sites for arthroscopic access to the palmar aspects of the antebrachiocarpal (AC) and middle carpal (MC) joints, and describe visible carpal bone surfaces for each approach. Methods: Prospective experimental study. Methods: Equine carpi: 16 cadavers, 8 live horses. Methods: A latex model was used to identify possible sites for arthroscopic access to the palmar aspects of the AC and MC joints. Carpi (n = 24) were examined arthroscopically and arthroscopic access sites and visible carpal bone surfaces were described. Results: Arthroscopic approaches and instrument portals were develo...
The effect of hyoscine on dobutamine requirement in spontaneously breathing horses anaesthetized with halothane. To determine whether hyoscine has a sparing effect on the volume of dobutamine required to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) at 70 mmHg in horses anaesthetized with halothane. Methods: Prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Methods: Twenty adult horses weighing 507 +/- 97 kg (mean +/- SD), aged 10 +/- 5 years. Methods: Pre-anaesthetic medication in all horses was intramuscular (IM) acepromazine (40 mug kg(-1)) and intravenous (IV) detomidine (0.02 mg kg(-1)). Anaesthesia was induced with ketamine (2.2 mg kg(-1) IV) and diazepam (0.02 mg kg(-1) IV), and maintained with halothan...
Evaluation of total intravenous anesthesia with propofol or ketamine-medetomidine-propofol combination in horses. Objective-To compare the anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of total IV anesthesia with propofol (P-TIVA) or a ketamine-medetomidine-propofol combination (KMP-TIVA) in horses. Design-Randomized experimental trial. Animals-12 horses. Procedure-Horses received medetomidine (0.005 mg/kg [0.002 mg/lb], IV). Anesthesia was induced with midazolam (0.04 mg/kg [0.018 mg/lb], IV) and ketamine (2.5 mg/kg [1.14 mg/lb], IV). All horses received a loading dose of propofol (0.5 mg/kg [0.23 mg/lb], IV), and 6 horses underwent P-TIVA (propofol infusion). Six horses underwent KMP-TIVA (ketamine [1 mg/kg/...
Non-fatal horse related injuries treated in emergency departments in the United States, 2001-2003. To characterise and provide nationally representative estimates of persons with non-fatal horse related injuries treated in American emergency departments. Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) is a stratified probability sample comprising 66 hospitals. Data on injuries treated in these emergency departments are collected and reported. NEISS-AIP data on all types (horseback riding and otherwise) of non-fatal horse related injuries from 2001 to 2003 were analysed. Results: An estimated 102,904 persons with non-fatal horse related injuries (35...
Fibrosarcoma over the tarsal groove of a 14-month-old Quarter horse. A 14-month-old male Quarter horse was presented for evaluation of a grade 3 out of 5 (grade 0 = sound; grade 5 = non-weight bearing) right rear lameness. A firm, 8 x 16 cm mass was palpable at the caudal medial aspect of the distal tibia and proximal tarsal region of the right hind limb. A percutaneous needle aspirate contained mesenchymal cells that were moderate to large in size with single, oblong nuclei. Differential diagnoses included fibrous hyperplasia, fibroma, or well-differentiated fibrosarcoma. Excisional biopsy for both definitive diagnosis and treatment was offered and selected by...
Diagnosis of deafness in a horse by brainstem auditory evoked potential. Deafness was confirmed in a blue-eyed, 3-year-old, overo paint horse by brainstem auditory evoked potential. Congenital inherited deafness associated with lack of facial pigmentation was suspected. Assessment of hearing should be considered, especially in paint horses, at the time of pre-purchase examination. Brainstem auditory evoked potential assessment is well tolerated and accurate. Un diagnostic de surdité a été confirmé par potentiel auditif évoqué au niveau du tronc cérébral chez un cheval Paint Horse overo aux yeux bleus âgé de 3 ans. Une surdité congénitale héréditaire ...
Tissue expansion. Tissue expansion in the upper extremity is a valuable technique with expanding indications and expected outcomes. The primary indications are coverage problems after trauma, but the technique is also applicable to defects caused by treatment of hemangioma, nevi, tattoos, or hypertrophic scars as well as correction of unstable tissue or as an alternative to free tissue transfer. The advantage of expansion-specifically, match in tissue texture and retention of sensibility-may be more important in the hand and upper extremity than in other areas. The inevitable capsule that forms around the expan...
Antimicrobial regional limb perfusion in horses. Regional limb perfusion involves administration of an antimicrobial solution into the vasculature of a selected portion of the limb that has been isolated from the systemic circulation by controlled application of a tourniquet. The technique provides high antimicrobial concentrations in the region of interest and greatly contributes to the elimination of infection.
Ophthalmic examination findings of Thoroughbred racehorses in Australia. To record the prevalence and document the types of eye disease in population of Thoroughbred racehorses in Victoria, Australia. Methods: Prospective study. Methods: Two hundred four Thoroughbred racehorses. Methods: All horses and both eyes were examined at four metropolitan and two country racing stable complexes. Ophthalmic exam was performed following dark adaptation with a transilluminator, biomicroscope, and direct ophthalmoscope. Intraocular pressures were measured when indicated. Both pupils were dilated with tropicamide when indicated. Results: One hundred eighty-two (89.2%) flat-racin...
Construction and validation of a risk-screening questionnaire for the investigation of recurrent airway obstruction in epidemiological studies of horse populations in Great Britain. Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) is an environmental respiratory disease affecting horses. A risk-screening questionnaire (RSQ) for RAO would provide a useful tool to investigate the epidemiology of the disease in horses; our aim in this study was to construct and validate such an instrument. Guidance for what questions to include in the RSQ came from three processes: a review of the scientific literature, a survey of equine practitioners in the UK and a consultation with 19 experts using a modified Delphi technique. The latter consultation consisted of two rounds; agreement amongst the expe...
Risk factors associated with renal insufficiency in horses with primary gastrointestinal disease: 26 cases (2000-2003). To identify factors associated with renal insufficiency in colic- or colitis-affected horses with high serum creatinine (SCr) concentrations evaluated at a referral hospital. Methods: Retrospective case series. Methods: 167 colic- or colitis-affected horses (88 represented a random sample [hospital population], and 79 had high SCr concentration at initial evaluation [study population]). Methods: Medical records were reviewed. Data collected included signalment; physical examination, clinicopathologic, and diagnostic findings; and outcome. The study population was categorized on the basis of wh...
Clinical observations surrounding an increased incidence of postanesthetic myopathy in halothane-anesthetized horses. During an 8-year period of clinic improvements, an increased incidence of postanesthetic myopathy (PAM) was observed in horses undergoing anesthesia. A request was made for an independent anesthesiologist to examine possible reasons for this increase. Routine methods used for anesthesia were then compared with new methods introduced by the anesthesiologist. Methods: Investigative observations were conducted from October 1999 to April 2000. Following premedication with xylazine or detomidine, anesthesia was induced with diazepam or guiaifenesin followed by ketamine. Maintenance of anesthesia wa...
Influence of gastrointestinal tract disease on pharmacokinetics of lidocaine after intravenous infusion in anesthetized horses. To determine the disposition of lidocaine after IV infusion in anesthetized horses undergoing exploratory laparotomy because of gastrointestinal tract disease. Methods: 11 horses (mean +/- SD, 10.3 +/- 7.4 years; 526 +/- 40 kg). Methods: Lidocaine hydrochloride (loading infusion, 1.3 mg/kg during a 15-minute period [87.5 microg/kg/min]; maintenance infusion, 50 microg/kg/min for 60 to 90 minutes) was administered IV to dorsally recumbent anesthetized horses. Blood samples were collected before and at fixed time points during and after lidocaine infusion for analysis of serum drug concentration...
Perceptions of animal physiotherapy amongst Irish veterinary surgeons. The aim of this study was to investigate veterinary surgeons' perceptions, knowledge and use of animal physiotherapy in the Republic of Ireland. A questionnaire was developed and sent to 200 veterinary surgeons, of which 97 were returned. Results indicated that 77 (79%) of respondents were aware of animal physiotherapists. Common sources of information included veterinary colleagues, owners and professional journals, with physiotherapists themselves and undergraduate training being less commonly cited. Awareness of animal physiotherapy was greatest amongst those working in equine practice (χ2...
