Veterinary research in horses encompasses the study of diseases, health management, and medical treatments specific to equine species. This field investigates various aspects of horse health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and musculoskeletal conditions. Researchers focus on understanding the pathophysiology of equine ailments, developing diagnostic tools, and evaluating therapeutic interventions. The study of horse health also involves examining preventive measures such as vaccination protocols and nutritional management to promote overall well-being. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse areas of veterinary science related to horses, providing insights into disease mechanisms, treatment strategies, and advancements in equine healthcare.
Raisis AL, Hodgson JL, Hodgson DR.Twenty-one compromised neonatal foals hospitalised at the Rural Veterinary Centre (RVC) during 1993 were studied to determine i) serum gentamicin concentrations obtained when gentamicin was administered at 3.3 mg/kg bwt twice daily i.m.; ii) factors which contributed to inter-foal variation in serum gentamicin concentrations achieved and iii) clinical efficacy of gentamicin therapy in foals with confirmed septicaemia. Septicaemia was confirmed in 7 foals with positive blood cultures and suspected in 8 foals with a sepsis score > 11. Peak serum concentrations (Ps) were > 6 microg/ml in al...
Gerard MP, Healy LN, Bowman KF, Miller RT.Two months after colic surgery, subcutaneous masses were found on the ventral and lateral portions of the thorax of a 3-year-old Hanoverian-cross filly. Six months later, the filly was admitted for evaluation of severe lameness. Arthrocentesis of the tarsocrural joint yielded clotted sanguineous material; however, unusual multinucleated giant cells were seen. Radiography of the right tarsus revealed soft tissue opacity and degenerative joint disease. The filly was euthanatized to prevent further suffering. At necropsy, multiple soft-tissue masses were located throughout the fascial planes of t...
Mumford EL, Traub-Dargatz JL, Salman MD, Collins JK, Getzy DM, Carman J.To develop a system to monitor and detect acute infections of the upper respiratory tract (i.e., nares, nasopharynx, and pharynx) in horses and to assess the association among specific viral infections, risk factors, and clinical signs of disease. Methods: Prospective study. Methods: 151 horses with clinical signs of acute infectious upper respiratory tract disease (IURD) from 56 premises in Colorado. Methods: Health management data, blood samples, and nasal or nasopharyngeal swab samples were obtained for 151 horses with clinical signs of acute IURD. Of these horses, 112 had an additional blo...
Galosi CM, Norimine J, Echeverría MG, Oliva GA, Nosetto EO, Etcheverrigaray ME, Tohya Y, Mikami T.The genomes of 10 equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) strains isolated in Argentina from 1979 to 1991, and a Japanese HH1 reference strain were compared by restriction endonuclease analysis. Two restriction enzymes, BamHI and BglII, were used and analysis of the electropherotypes did not show significant differences among isolates obtained from horses with different clinical signs. This suggests that the EHV-1 isolates studied, which circulated in Argentina for more than 10 years, belong to a single genotype.
Soliman GA.The pharmacokinetic behaviour of gentamicin sulphate (3.4 mg/kg bwt) was studied following its intramuscular injection to a group of horses and to another group of horses premedicated with sodium methyl arsinate (2 mg/kg bwt) or imidocarb dipropionate (4.8 mg/kg bwt). Considerable differences were observed in the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in pre-medicated horses and in horses which had received the antibiotic alone. Peak serum concentration of gentamicin (9.85 +/- 0.05 and 11.15 +/- 0.15 micrograms/ml) were attained within 1.45 +/- 0.05 and 0.92 +/- 0.04 h in arsinate and imidocarb-medica...
Anton F, Morales C, Aguilar R, Bellido C, Aguilar E, Gaytán F.The existence of a physiological integration between the immune and endocrine systems has long been recognized. In spite of the abundant literature data on the presence of cells of the immune system in the testis, mast cells and eosinophil leukocytes have received little attention. We have studied the presence, distribution and numbers of mast cells and eosinophils in the testes of 12 mammalian species. Mast cells were frequently found in equine (stallion, ass and mule) and human testis, whereas eosinophils were nearly absent. On the contrary, eosinophils were abundant in the hare testis, whil...
Oukessou M, Alsouss L.The body disposition of sulfadimidine (SDM), sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamethoxypyridazine (SMPZ) and a trimethoprim-sulfadimethoxine combination (TMP-SDMX) was investigated in the donkey. The four sulfonamides and TMP were injected intravenously at doses of 20 mg/kg (SDM, SDZ, SMPZ), 12.5 mg/kg (SDMX) and 2.5 mg/kg (TMP). The body clearance (ClB) of SDZ (1.70 +/- 0.14 ml/min/kg) was significantly higher than those of SDM (1.13 +/- 0.18 ml/min/kg), SMPZ (1.10 +/- 0.09 ml/min/kg) and SDMX (0.75 +/- 0.04 ml/min/kg). In contrast, the volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) was similar for the f...
Chua HC, Stewart B, Lim BH, Lee HK.A chromatographic method was developed to detect and confirm the presence of chlorpropamide (I) in horse plasma samples, for antidoping control. The plasma sample (1 ml) was extracted with dichloromethane and screened by high-performance liquid chromatography, and confirmation of the drug's presence was accomplished by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The limit of detection was found to be 3.5 ng/ml at a signal-to-noise ratio of three. Derivatization of I with N,O-bis-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide with 1% trimethylchlorosilane allowed for highly stable, accurate and sen...
Recio P, López PG, Hernández M, Prieto D, Contreras J, García-Sacristán A.The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) and the mechanisms mediating neurogenic relaxation were investigated in the horse corpus cavernosum. NADPH-diaphorase activity was expressed in nerve fibres around arteries and muscular bundles in the horse trabecular tissue. Relaxations in response to electrical field stimulation were tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M)-sensitive, indicating their neurogenic origin. The NO synthase inhibitor, L-NO-arginine (L-NO-Arg, 3 x 10(-5) M), abolished the electrically induced relaxations, which were significantly reversed by L-arginine (3 x 10(-3) M). Exogenous NO (10(-6)-10(-3...
Peterson ML, Srinath S, Murphy J.A new instrument is presented which is capable of high resolution acoustic imaging at relatively low frequencies. This approach results in increased complexity of the signal processing required and reduced throughput of the instrument. However, these disadvantages are amply compensated by the ability to create velocity scan images of materials with either high attenuation or low material velocities. These measurements are not possible using traditional/acoustic microscopes. The initial performance of the new instrument is demonstrated using thin samples of shim materials to show that acceptabl...
Costa LR, Spier SJ, Hirsh DC.Ribotyping and susceptibility to 17 antimicrobial agents were used to compare 37 isolates of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (28 from horses, 1 from cattle, 3 from sheep and 5 from goats) derived from various types of lesions, and different geographic locations. According to the presence of nitrate reductase, all but one isolate from horses reduced nitrate (nitrate-positive), whereas all isolates from sheep and goats were unable to reduce nitrate (nitrate-negative). The ribotype of the nitrate-negative isolate from a horse with ulcerative lymphangitis was identical to all the other isolates...
Wood JL, Milne EM, Doxey DL.A case-control study was performed to investigate the epidemiology of grass sickness in the United Kingdom from 1992 to 1995. Data were collected by means of postal questionnaire when cases of grass sickness were identified. Sets of three questionnaires were posted to owners of, or veterinary surgeons attending, cases of grass sickness, with a request to provide information on the case, on one healthy animal on the same premises as the case and on another healthy animal on other premises. Controls were matched to cases by date of onset. After univariate analyses, the probability of grass sickn...
Mikami T, Tsuchihashi K, Kashiwagi M, Yachida Y, Daino T, Hashi K, Akino T, Gasa S.A sulfatide, O-fatty-acylated 3-sulfogalactosylceramide at C6-O on galactoside, was isolated from equine brain and the chemical structure was characterized by proton NMR and MS. The O-acylation site of the acylated sulfatide was determined by the down-field shift of protons attached to a carbon having an O-acyl group in the NMR spectrum and by analysis of a partially methylated derivative before and after acetalization of the intact sulfatide using GC-MS. The O-acyl chain length was determined by GLC, revealing that it exclusively had palmitoyl and stearoyl residues as the major fatty acids. T...
Todhunter RJ, Fubini SL, Vernier-Singer M, Wootton JA, Lust G, Freeman KP, MacLeod JN.To determine how acute synovitis, with and without intra-articular methylprednisolone acetate (MPA), affect synthesis of proteoglycan, total protein, and collagen in articular cartilage and total protein synthesis in synovial membrane. Methods: Synovitis was induced in 10 ponies by the injection of 0.5 ng lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the left radiocarpal and midcarpal joints every 2 days for a total of four treatments. Synovitis was documented by clinical examination and synovial fluid analyses. Two days before euthanasia, MPA (0.1 mg/kg) was injected with the last dose of LPS into both the l...
Murray RC, DeBowes RM, Gaughan EM, Zhu CF, Athanasiou KA.Intra-articular corticosteroids are widely used as anti-inflammatory agents for symptomatic management of arthritis, but their administration with concurrent exercise remains controversial. Biochemical and morphologic analysis of treated cartilage has revealed conflicting results, but previous biomechanical assessment has not been undertaken. Objective: To compare the biomechanical properties of intra-articular methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) and diluent treated cartilage in treadmill exercised horses. Methods: Eight 2-year-old female horses had MPA or diluent administered into contralateral ...
Marr KA, Lees P, Page CP, Cunningham FM.Leukotrienes have been shown to mimic many of the pathophysiological processes in allergic airway disease. In this study the bronchoconstrictor effect of inhaled LTD4, and radiolabelled neutrophil accumulation in response to inhalation of LTB4, have been examined in the horse. In separate studies, solutions of LTD4 and LTB4 were administered to the airways of normal animals by nebulisation. LTD4, but not LTB4, caused a dose-dependent increase in pleural pressure which was maximal at three to four minutes and had returned to baseline by 15 to 20 minutes. On a molar basis LTD4 was 305 to 970 tim...
Doherr MG, Carpenter TE, Wilson WD, Gardner IA.The objective of this study is to describe the design, application and validity of a self-administered (mailed) questionnaire to collect data on potential risk factors for Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in California horses. Horses admitted to the UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (VMTH) between 1 July 1992 and 30 June 1994 served as the study base for case identification and simple random sampling of 800 control horses. A questionnaire was mailed to owners of the study horses, followed by a reminder postcard and a second copy of a questionnaire. Data were collected o...
Mobarak MS, Ryan MF.Adult Strongylus vulgaris, collected from the caecum of infected horses and embedded in paraplast using standard methods, were sectioned for immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies. Antibodies were raised in rabbit against the excretory-secretory product (ESP) and against two constituent protein bands (28-30 kDa). The use of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting indicated the immunogenicity of ESP and of the subunits (28-30 kDa). In ELISA, both rabbit hyperimmune sera recognized the ESP and (28-30 kDa) ban...
Scepek S, Coorssen JR, Lindau M.Using the patch-clamp technique, we studied the role of protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation on the exocytotic fusion of secretory granules with the plasma membrane in horse eosinophils. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) had no effect on the amplitude and dynamics of degranulation, indicating that the formation of fusion pores is insensitive to activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Fusion pore expansion, however, was accelerated approximately 2-fold by PMA, and this effect was abolished by staurosporine. Elevating intracellular Ca2+ to 1.5 microM also resulted in a 2-fold accelera...
Hahn CN, Mayhew IG, Washbourne JR.Lateral thoracic nerve reflex latencies values were measured in ponies using a simple, non-invasive technique. The reflex was elicited using an external triggering hammer attached to an electrodiagnostic unit. The resulting evoked, compound muscle action potentials were recorded with electrodes, which were placed over the 6th ribs or 11th rib level with the axilla. Two superimposed repeats of 4 signal-averaged sweeps of 50 or 100 milliseconds were recorded and the estimated reflex pathway was measured for each subject in order to calculate the reflex latencies and latency velocities. Mean left...
Goudet G, Bézard J, Belin F, Duchamp G, Palmer E, Gérard N.The in vitro maturation rate of equine oocytes remains low, regardless of culture conditions. Our objective was to determine the reasons for failure of equine oocytes to resume meiosis during in vitro maturation and to ascertain the influence of the estrous cycle stage on meiotic competence. In 10 cyclic mares, 7 ultrasound-guided follicular punctures were performed alternately during the follicular phase (group DF; n = 3 punctures), at the end of the follicular phase (group EF; n = 2), and during the luteal phase (group DL; n = 2). We evaluated the competence of the oocytes for in vitro matur...
MacLachlan NJ, Balasuriya UB, Hedges JF, Schweidler TM, McCollum WH, Timoney PJ, Hullinger PJ, Patton JF.Equine arteritis virus (EAV) is the causative agent of equine viral arteritis, an apparently emerging disease of equids. In this study, the antibody response of horses to the structural proteins of EAV was evaluated using gradient-purified EAV virions and baculovirus-expressed recombinant EAV structural proteins (G(L), G(S), M, N) as antigens in a Western immunoblotting assay. Thirty-three sera from horses that previously had been naturally or experimentally infected with EAV were evaluated, including samples from mares, geldings, and both persistently and nonpersistently infected stallions. S...
Muylle S, Desmet P, Simoens P, Lauwers H, Vlaminck L.The innervation pattern of the interosseus muscle of the forelimb was studied in two ponies and two horses. The nerves of the suspensory ligament were studied histologically after neurectomy of the ulnar and median nerve branches proximal to the carpal joint. The results demonstrated that the interosseus muscle is innervated by the deep branch of the lateral palmar nerve which emerges at the level of the midcarpal region and contains fibres from the ulnar and the median nerve. These findings provide evidence that an ulnar nerve block proximal to the accessory bone would fail to anaesthetise th...
Nelson KM, Schram BR, McGregor MW, Sheoran AS, Olsen CW, Lunn DP.Inactivated alum-adjuvanted conventional equine influenza virus vaccines are of poor efficacy and offer limited short-term protection against infection. In sharp contrast, natural infection with equine influenza virus confers long-term protective immunity. In order to identify the protective immune responses to equine influenza virus, the influenza virus-specific IgA, IgGa, IgGb, IgGc and IgG(T) antibody responses in nasal secretions and serum induced by natural infection and a commercial vaccine were studied by ELISA. Two groups of four influenza-naive ponies were established. In the natural ...
Bernoco D, Bailey E.Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) of horses is an autosomal, recessive hereditary disease occurring among Arabian horses. The genetic defect responsible for this disease was recently identified as a 5-basepair deletion in the gene encoding DNA-protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs). Horses with one copy of the gene appear normal, while horses with two copies of the gene manifest the disease. The present report describes a PCR-based test for detection of the gene defect and the results from testing 250 randomly selected Arabian horses. The frequency of SCID gene carriers was ...
There are a wide variety of laboratory tests available to assess damage to and functional impairment of the liver, though the effectiveness of these tests varies greatly depending upon the type of damage and the animal species involved. Species differences in tissue localization, metabolism, specificity and sensitivity of parameters relating to the liver influence the choice of tests. Some tests can be applied usefully to most animal species while others may be highly specific in one species but show very low discriminatory potential in others. The tests available, and their use in veterinary ...
Avcıoğlu H, Güven E, Balkaya İ, Yavuz Ş, Abay U, Akyüz M, Eltas Ö.This study aimed to determine the parasites present in horses belonging to the Erzurum Province. Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 76 horses of different ages, genders and breeds in Erzurum. Individual fecal samples were collected and examined by flotation and sedimentation methods. Results: The following species were detected: strongylid egg (57.89%), Parascaris equorum (10.52%), Dicrocoelium dendriticum (2.63%), Fasciola spp. (2.63%) eggs, and Eimeria spp. oocysts (5.26%). Conclusions: Equine animals are significantly infected with Strongylosis in the Erzurum Province, and effective...
Frincke JM, Henderson GL.Fentanyl, a potent, synthetic narcotic analgesic, has reportedly been used to "dope" racehorses. Urine was collected from a horse dosed with 70 mg of [3H]fentanyl, and the primary metabolite, a water-soluble, amphoteric compound, was isolated by high-pressure liquid chromatography and identified by spectroscopic analysis. This metabolite was found to be N-[1-(2-phenethyl-4-piperidinyl)] malonanilinic acid.
Peters GJ, Oosterhof A, Veerkamp JH.1. Adenosine inhibits thymidine and uridine incorporation of PHA-stimulated lymphocytes of man and horse at concentrations higher than 50 and 10 microM, respectively. Deoxyadenosine is inhibitory at concentrations higher than 100 microM. Thymidine and uridine incorporation of porcine lymphocytes are elevated 5-7-fold by 25-100 microM adenosine, deoxyadenosine, inosine and hypoxanthine. Leucine incorporation of PHA-stimulated lymphocytes was affected by adenosine and deoxyadenosine in the same way, but to a lower extent. 2. Effects of adenosine and deoxyadenosine were more pronounced at shorter...
Verhaegen M, Sand G.The distribution of protein phosphokinase (EC 2.7.1.37) activities has been established in horse thyroid nuclei. The presence of several enzyme activities has been demonstrated, two of which are clearly distinct. The first one acts on histone as substrate and is activated by cyclic AMP. Physico-chemical properties of this nuclear cyclic AMP-dependent histone kinase and of the cytosol histone kinase are different, demonstrating the absence of a contamination from the cytosol. The second enzyme acts on casein as substrate and is not stimulated by cyclic AMP POR CYCLIC GMP. The findings are consi...
Gittel C, Schulz-Kornas E, Sandbaumhüter FA, Theurillat R, Vervuert I, Larenza Menzies MP, Thormann W, Braun C.To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and selected pharmacodynamic effects of a commercially available l-methadone/fenpipramide combination administered to isoflurane anaesthetized ponies. Methods: Prospective single-group interventional study. Methods: A group of six healthy adult research ponies (four mares, two geldings). Methods: Ponies were sedated with intravenous (IV) detomidine (0.02 mg kg) and butorphanol (0.01 mg kg) for an unrelated study. Additional IV detomidine (0.004 mg kg) was administered 85 minutes later, followed by induction of anaesthesia using IV diazepam (0.05 mg kg) and keta...
Potgieter LN, Rouse BT, Webb-Martin TA.A modification of the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed which used staphylococcal protein A linked to horseradish peroxidase. Virus antibodies in equine, bovine, porcine, feline, canine, lagomorphic (rabbit), and human sera were detected, using the indirect ELISA in which the antiglobulin enzyme conjugate was replaced by protein A linked to horseradish peroxidase. Results of the ELISA were compared with the results of the serum-virus neutralization test. The application of the test in laboratories performing serologic assays with sera from diverse animal species ...
Glanville RJ, Christie B.The equine influenza (EI) outbreak presented many challenges that required high-level coordination and decision making, as well as the development of new approaches for satisfactory and consistent resolution. This paper outlines the elements of the national coordination arrangements, preparatory arrangements in place prior to the outbreak that facilitated national coordination, and some of the issues faced and resolved in the response.
Katayama Y, Oikawa M, Kaneko M, Yoshihara T, Yoshikawa H, Yoshikawa T.Three monoclonal antibodies capable of individually recognizing chondrocytes, osteoblasts and osteocytes were prepared. EB-1 reacted with a 55-kDa antigen on the chondrocyte membrane, EB-2 with a 110-kDa antigen on the membrane of osteoblasts and/or partial osteocytes, and EB-3 with a 130-kDa antigen on the membrane of osteocytes. These monoclonal antibodies may be useful probes for studying the differentiation and maturation of osteogenic cells.
Sanz MG, Bradway DS, Horohov DW, Baszler TV. is the most common cause of pneumonia in young foals. Pneumonic foals are an important source of environmental contamination as they shed higher amounts of in their faeces than unaffected foals. As -specific hyperimmune plasma (HIP) lessens clinical pneumonia, we hypothesise that its use would result in decreased faecal shedding of by foals. Neonatal foals were either given HIP (n=12) or nothing (n=9, control) shortly after birth and were then experimentally infected with Faeces were collected before and on weeks 2, 3, 5 and 7 after infection. Presence of virulent was tested using qPCR. T...
Ludewig T.Corpora amylacea are present in all the mammary glands of the investigated animals (ewe, goat, and mares). Generally, they are comparable to the cow regarding to its distribution, frequency, size, morphological structure, and staining properties. Corpora amylacea occur most frequently in the ewe, and in non-lactating mammary glands. In lactating mammary glands they are mostly situated in the alveoles. During gestation they are located outside of the alveoles and in the interalveolar connective tissue. Only in very few cases corpora amylacea are found inside and outside of the alveoles in the s...
Recent outbreaks of equine infectious anaemia and equine viral arteritis in the UK. Update on the equine infectious anaemia situation in Europe. West Nile virus reported in several Mediterranean countries. Current and future approaches to equine viral arteritis control in the UK. These are among matters discussed in the quarterly equine disease surveillance report for April to June 2010, prepared by Defra, the Animal Health Trust and the British Equine Veterinary Association.
Rossdale PD.The place of clinical research in the veterinary profession is discussed against the author's personal experiences and in the context of how research workers, clinicians, teachers and veterinary students might be brought into a more cohesive unit through the development of a Faculty of clinical research and experimental medicine. It is argued that students should receive training in research and teaching and that efforts should be made to break down the attitude of "them" and "us" which tends to separate the clinicians and academics.
Little TV, Woods GL.The accessory sex glands of 10 stallions were examined by transrectal ultrasonography. Seminal vesicles were 26.4 +/- 5.2 (s.d.) mm in width and 9.2 +/- 3.1 mm in height. Ampullae were 16.3 +/- 3.6 mm in width and 12.9 +/- 3.9 mm in height. Bulbourethral glands were 19.7 +/- 4.6 mm in width and 32.4 +/- 6.7 mm in length. Prostate lobes exceeded 34 mm in width and were 23.5 +/- 5.7 mm in height. The prostatic isthmus was 6.0 +/- 1.4 mm in height. The seminal colliculus, masculine uterus, and deferent ducts were also identified and characterized. Five of these stallions were killed to compare tr...
Flores M, Wajnberg E, Bemski G.Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy has been used to study protons in nitrosyl horse heart myoglobin (MbNO). (1)H ENDOR spectra were recorded for different settings of the magnetic field. Detailed analysis of the ENDOR powder spectra, using computer simulation, based on the "orientation-selection" principle, leads to the identification of the available protons in the heme pocket. We observe hyperfine interactions of the N(HisF8)-Fe(2+)-N(NO) complex with five protons in axial and with eight protons in the rhombic symmetry along different orientations, including those of the ...
Bowser JE, Costa LRR, Rodil AU, Lopp CT, Johnson ME, Wills RW, Swiderski CE.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of 2 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) sampling techniques and the use of N-butylscopolammonium bromide (NBB) on the quantity and quality of BAL fluid (BALF) samples obtained from horses with the summer pasture endophenotype of equine asthma. ANIMALS 8 horses with the summer pasture endophenotype of equine asthma. PROCEDURES BAL was performed bilaterally (right and left lung sites) with a flexible videoendoscope passed through the left or right nasal passage. During lavage of the first lung site, a BALF sample was collected by means of either gentle syringe aspirati...
Runk DT, Madigan JE, Rahal CJ, Allison DN, Fredrickson K.A normal plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COP) interval was established for foals and compared to values for adult horses. Plasma samples were obtained from 38 Thoroughbred foals that had normal findings on postfoaling examination and 10 healthy Thoroughbred adult horses. Samples were analyzed using a commercially available colloid osmometer. Fifty samples were obtained from 38 foals. Twelve foals had 2 samples taken, 1 during the 1st 24 hours of life and the 2nd between 24 and 72 hours of life. For foals with 2 samples, only 1 randomly selected value was used in group analysis. Total plasma p...
Green BE, Foil LD, Hagius SD, Issel CJ.Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) was injected intrathoracically into Aedes aegypti, Stomoxys calcitrans, and Tabanus fuscicostatus, and fed to Ae. aegypti in suspensions of either artificial blood of Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium. Insects were stored at -70 degrees C for up to 9 months before testing for the presence of EIAV. The viral tissue culture titers detected from stored insects were similar to those from insects tested at time 0.
Tobin T, Tai CY, Arnett S.A published method for the recovery of procaine from human plasma using 5M NaOH gave very poor recoveries. Investigation showed that under the recommended extraction conditions procaine was rapidly hydrolysed. Extraction into benzene of samples buffered to pH 9.0 with borate buffer allowed essentially 100% recovery of procaine from equine plasma and urine.
Ribeiro DSC, Martins AV, Lobão LF, Ribeiro MS, Palmer JPS, Corrêa LL, Uchôa CMA, da Silva S, Meireles MV, Amendoeira MRR, Barbosa ADS.An analysis was made of the frequency of Cryptosporidium spp. in fecal samples from horses raised on farms in the Teresópolis city, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and the risk factors that favored this infection. Between 2019 and 2020, 314 samples of equine feces were collected, 287 of which came from English Thoroughbred horses and 27 from ponies. Information on the horses and their management were retrieved from a stud book and forms filled out by trainers. The fecal samples were subjected to macroscopic analysis, modified Sheather's and Lutz parasitological techniques, safranin staining,...
Lloyd KA, Ayodele BA, Hitchens PL, Beck C, Mackie EJ, Whitton RC.Abnormalities in vascular channel appearance within the proximal sesamoid bone (PSB) are the most common findings in Thoroughbred yearling presale radiographs and are often evaluated on radiographs of adult racehorses. Despite this, their pathogenesis and clinical significance are poorly understood, and associations with racing performance are inconsistent. Objective: To determine microstructural characteristics of the PSBs associated with the radiographic appearance of vascular channels using microcomputed tomography (µCT) and to determine associations with past racing performance in mature ...
Gareis M, Seidel KE, Diehl T.268 diagnostic samples from dogs, cats, horses and cattle were examined in a commercially available blood culture system. Samples of blood, liquor, ascites, thorax punctate, synovia and urine were examined with a blood culture system (Oxoid) over a period of two years in cooperation with the veterinary clinical institutes of internal medicine and surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich and different veterinarians. It was shown that this blood culture system, which has been initially developed for the requirements of human bacteriology, can be used for isolation of clinical important mic...
Wijnberg ID, Graubner C, Auriemma E, van de Belt AJ, Gerber V.Reference values for quantitative electromyography (QEMG) in neck muscles of Royal Dutch Sport horses are lacking. Objective: Determine normative data on quantitative motor unit action potential (QMUP) analysis of serratus ventralis cervicis (SV) and brachiocephalicus (BC) muscle. Methods: Seven adult normal horses (mean age 9.5 standard deviation [SD] ± 2.3 years, mean height 1.64 SD ± 4.5 cm, and mean rectal temperature 37.6 SD ± 0.3°C). Methods: An observational study on QMUP analysis in 6 segments of each muscle was performed with commercial electromyography equipment. Measurements wer...
Satué K, Domingo R, Redondo JI.The coordinated interaction of the components of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) with reproductive hormones such as progesterone, oestrogens and cortisol during pregnancy has been widely reported to play a vital role in foetal and placental development in various species, significantly influencing the proper achievement of pregnancy and foetal viability at birth. These interactions have not yet been clarified in mares. Thus, the purpose of the present research was to analyse the relationship between cortisol (CORT), progesterone (P4) and oestrone sulphate (OESTRONE), and the co...
Todini L, Malfatti A.An instance of hormone assay method flaw is reported. In this journal Chronobiology International, two papers appeared in which an ELISA method for human serum or plasma was utilized for blood serum of horse and sheep, respectively. From our testing, it is resulted that such method does not work at all for equine, sheep and other animal species. The use of commercial hormone assay kits for heterologous species always needs a careful validation procedure. First, the same hormone molecule by different species could not share enough homology to be regognized by and react with antibodies utilized ...
Chopineau M, Martinat N, Gibrat JF, Galet C, Lecompte F, Foulon-Gauze F, Pourchet C, Guillou F, Combarnous Y.To identify amino-acids in the alpha-subunit important for expression of heterospecific FSH activity of horse (e) LH/choriogonadotropin (CG) (eLH) and donkey (dk) LH/CG (dkLH) (FSH/LH ratio ten times higher for eLH than for dkLH); this FSH activity absolutely requires an equid (donkey or horse) alpha-subunit combined with an equid beta-LH subunit. Methods: Chimeric alpha-subunits possessing the first 63 amino-acids of the porcine (p) and the last 33 amino-acids of the donkey alpha-subunit (alphap-dk) and the inverse (alphadk-p) were constructed. Porcine-specific amino-acids were introduced by ...
Stewart HL, Engiles JB, Richardson DW, Levine DG.To describe the bactericidal and fungicidal properties of a 0.0005% chlorhexidine (CHD) solution potentiated with EDTA-Tris buffers (CHD-EDTA-Tris) and evaluate the safety of 0.0005% CHD-EDTA-Tris in the upper respiratory tract (URT) of normal horses. Methods: Clinical, prospective study. Methods: Eight healthy, skeletally mature horses. Methods: In vitro-serial dilutions of CHD-EDTA-Tris and EDTA-Tris alone were evaluated for bactericidal and fungicidal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus equi subspecies ssp. equi, Streptococcus equi ...
Dwyer RM, Garber LP, Traub-Dargatz JL, Meade BJ, Powell D, Pavlick MP, Kane AJ.To identify factors associated with excessive proportions of early fetal losses associated with mare reproductive loss syndrome in central Kentucky during 2001. Methods: Case-control study. Methods: Questionnaires were used to collect information on farm-, pasture-, and individual animal-level factors purportedly associated with mare reproductive loss syndrome. Data were collected for 133 farms (97 with excessive proportions of early feta losses and 36 control farms) representing 6,576 mares. Results: Factors significantly associated with an increased risk of excessive early fetal losses were ...
Sahagun-Ruiz A, Waghela SD, Holman PJ, Chieves LP, Wagner GG.A DNA probe from Babesia caballi (Bc1) was selected by antibody screening of a genomic library. The Bc1 probe hybridized specifically to B. caballi genomic DNA. A polymerase-chain-reaction-based assay for B. caballi DNA was developed from primers deduced from the probe nucleotide sequence. An amplified product of 1.6 kb was detected from as little as 500 fg B. caballi template DNA. Sensitivity increased 1000-fold when the biotin-labeled Bc1 probe was hybridized to the amplicons in a Southern blot.
Wallace J.With concerns growing globally about anthelmintic resistance in equine endoparasites, James Wallace's practice undertook some research among its horse-owning clients and introduced a fixed-fee parasite management programme to help ensure the most effective use of these valuable medicines.
