Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Veterinary Research
Veterinary research in horses encompasses the study of diseases, health management, and medical treatments specific to equine species. This field investigates various aspects of horse health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and musculoskeletal conditions. Researchers focus on understanding the pathophysiology of equine ailments, developing diagnostic tools, and evaluating therapeutic interventions. The study of horse health also involves examining preventive measures such as vaccination protocols and nutritional management to promote overall well-being. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse areas of veterinary science related to horses, providing insights into disease mechanisms, treatment strategies, and advancements in equine healthcare.
Histopathologic evidence of reperfusion injury in the large colon of horses after low-flow ischemia. Effects of low-flow ischemia and reperfusion of the large colon on mucosal architecture were determined in horses. Twenty-four adult horses were randomly allocated to 3 groups: sham-operated (n = 6), 6 hours of ischemia (n = 9), and 3 hours of ischemia and 3 hours of reperfusion (n = 9). Low-flow ischemia was induced in horses of groups 2 and 3 by reducing colonic arterial blood flow to 20% of baseline values. Systemic hemodynamic and metabolic variables were maintained constant and in a normal physiologic range. Full-thickness biopsy specimens were obtained from the left ventral colon for his...
Equine salmonellosis in a Dutch veterinary teaching hospital. During 1990 and 1991, 380 faecal samples were collected from horses with diarrhoea. Sixty-nine (18 per cent) of the samples yielded a positive culture for Salmonella species, and salmonellae were cultured directly from 37 (54 per cent) of these cases. In 32 (46 per cent) of the cases the salmonellae were found after culturing the organism in an enrichment medium. Salmonella typhimurium was isolated from 43 samples, S hadar from three samples, S arizona from two, S enteritidis from two, S virchow from one, S blockley from one and S bareilly from one sample. In 1990, S typhimurium phage type 200...
Neurological manifestation of cholesterinic granulomas in three horses. Cholesterinic granulomas have been previously reported as an incidental post mortem in horses. Three adult horses with diencephalic dysfunction due to cholesterinic granulomas are described. All the horses exhibited profound depression, somnolence and reluctance to move. One horse experienced generalised seizures. Cerebrosinal fluid was xanthochromic with an elevated total protein in two of the cases evaluated. The large cholesterinic granulomas caused expansion of the lateral ventricle and secondary hydrocephalus due to the build up of cerebrospinal fluid behind the mass. Cholesterinic granul...
Evaluation of the thoraco-laryngeal reflex (‘slap test’) as an indicator of laryngeal adductor myopathy in the horse. A study was conducted over a 12 month period to assess the accuracy of the 'slap test' in the diagnosis of laryngeal adductor myopathy. The thoraco-laryngeal reflexes of 15 horses with no clinical signs of idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia (ILH) were recorded using a video-endoscope. These 'slap test' responses were examined independently by 3 assessors. The horses were subsequently subjected to euthanasia and samples taken from the cricoarytenoideus lateralis (CAL) muscles for histopathological examination and assessment of denervation atrophy. Despite normal adductory responses, moderate to se...
Pituitary abscess and basilar empyema in 4 horses. Abscess of the pituitary gland is a rare condition which has been
described in man (Domingue and Wilson 1977; Ahmed et al. 1989),
ruminants (Taylor and Meads 1963; Moriwaki er al. 1973; Lomas and
Hazell 1983; Perdrizet and Dinsmore 1986) and one horse
(Rumbaugh 1977). The some of infection may be either direct
extension from an adjacent focus or haematogenous spread from a site
elsewhere in the body. In man, pituitary abscess may result from
meningitis, sphenoid sinusitis (Selose et al. 1980), and osteomyelitis
(Rongetti and Daniels 1950). A review of 20 cases of pituitary abscess
in ...
Effects of alpha 2-agonists on intrauterine pressure and sedation in horses: comparison between detomidine, romifidine and xylazine. The effect of three alpha 2-agonistic sedatives, Detomidine (0.04 mg/kg), Romifidine (0.08 mg/kg) Xylazine (1.1 mg/kg) and placebo (NaCl), on intrauterine pressure was investigated with an intrauterine balloon model in four non-pregnant warmblood mares. Within 6.0 (+/- 2.2) min mean pressure increases of 9.80 (+/- 3.74), 6.88 (+/- 3.95) and 13.95 (+/- 5.19) mmHg were recorded for Detomidine, Romifidine and Xylazine, respectively. Placebo had no significant effect. The mean duration of pressure increase was 30.0 (+/- 5.10), 17.67 (+/- 9.87) and 19.50 (+/- 13.78) min for Detomidine, Romifidine a...
In vitro comparison of the effect of parallel and divergent transfixation pins on breaking strength of equine third metacarpal bones. Breaking strength (torque at failure) of equine third metacarpal bones, with transfixation pins placed parallel in the frontal plane and 30 degrees divergent from the frontal plane, was determined in vitro. Two transfixation pins were placed through the distal metaphysis, using a jig designed to drill the holes in the assigned configuration. Paired metacarpal bones II through IV from 12 horses were tested in torsion. The torsional moment of the force applied through the transfixation pins at failure was compared for each limb. Metacarpal bones with divergent pins were significantly (P = 0.030)...
A comparison between the effects of conventional and selective antiparasitic treatments on nematode parasites of horses from two management schemes. Little information exists concerning the presence of nematode parasites of horses in South Africa. Limited studies are available which compare the parasites in horses originating from differing management schemes. The aim of the present study was to compare the nematode parasites of 2 groups of horses which had been managed differently. Group 1, chiefly Nooitgedacht adult ponies, consisted of cycling or early pregnancy mares. They were maintained chiefly on zero grazing, given supplemental feed and treated 4 times a year with antiparasitic remedies. The horses in Group 2 were mostly Thoroughbr...
Mycoflora of the toxic feeds associated with equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) outbreaks in Brazil. The mycoflora of 39 feed samples associated with 29 Equine Leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) outbreaks was studied from 1988 to 1990, in Brazil. Microbiological examination indicated Fusarium spp. as the most frequent mold which occurred in 97.4% of samples followed by Penicillium spp. in 61.5% and Aspergillus spp. in 35.9%. The moisture content of feed implicated in death of horses was above 15% which can favor the development of Fusarium spp. From the genus, F. moniliforme was the predominant species with an occurrence of 82.0%. Two additional species, not commonly associated with animal toxicosi...
Radiographic geometric variation of equine long bones. As more sophisticated research is performed to refine fracture fixation techniques for horses, it is important that normal values for the geometric properties of the bones of the appendicular skeleton be determined and that suitable controls be available. We evaluated the geometric properties of total bone width, cortical bone width, and medullary canal/trabecular bone width measured from 2 radiographic projections of equine long bones (humerus, radius, third metacarpal bone, femur, tibia, and third metatarsal bone) obtained from a general population of horses. Measurements were performed on s...
The effect of insemination volume on pregnancy rates of pony mares. It has recently been reported that large insemination volumes might affect fertility of mares. The results from these studies are confounded by other factors, however, such as inadequate number of spermatozoa in the inseminate. We conducted a study to test whether volume alone affects fertility when sufficient numbers of spermatozoa are present. Semen from one stallion was collected, extended at 50 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml, and stored in a commercial semen cooling device for 18 to 30 h before insemination. Ten pony mares were assigned during estrus in random pairs to be bred every other day with...
African horse sickness and the overwintering of Culicoides spp. in the Iberian peninsula. The presence at different latitudes and the seasonal distribution of two known or potential vectors of African horse sickness (AHS) virus--Culicoides imicola and C. obsoletus--were investigated in the Iberian peninsula using light trap collections. Culicoides imicola was present as far north as 41 degrees N but not at 43 degrees N (Asturias, Spain), whereas C. obsoletus was found at all latitudes. In the northern part of the distribution of C. imicola, adults of this species were present for only a few months of the year, but adults were continually present further south. Culicoides obsoletus ...
Phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes lavaged from the lungs of horses with clinically diagnosed chronic pulmonary disease. The aim of this study was to compare phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) from the bronchoalveolar lavage of clinically healthy horses and those with severe chronic bronchiolitis. Research was carried out on 28 horses. Chronic inflammation of the lower airways was diagnosed in nine horses. Cells from the respiratory tract were lavaged according to accepted methods. For comparison, PMNs were isolated from peripheral blood of all investigated horses. The phagocytic activity of PMNs was determined in relation to two standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Staph, aureus Smith w...
[Sporotrichosis in a horse]. A 9-year old male Arabian horse was referred to the Department of Large Animal Surgery of the University of Utrecht because of multiple nodules on the inner side of the right hind leg. The nodules seemed to follow a cutaneolymphatic pattern. Histopathology of a nodule showed a granulomatous inflammation with the presence of multinucleated giant cells. In PAS- and Grocott-stained sections, spheroid yeast-like organisms with some budding were found throughout the tissue. A preliminary diagnosis of sporotrichosis was made. A fresh nodule was cultured and the presence of Sporothrix c.f. schenckii ...
Camera speeds for optoelectronic assessment of stride-timing characteristics in horses at the trot. Quantitated locomotion analysis is increasingly being used during assessment and treatment of gait disorders in human beings. Locomotion analysis is also thought to have potential for enhancing the assessment of lameness in horses. Availability of high-speed video recording systems has simplified the process of quantitated locomotion analysis; however, the high cost of such systems has limited their use for routine clinical assessment in horses. The temporal resolution of 500- to 1,000-images/s (Hz) recording systems is beyond what has been considered necessary for precise quantitation of shor...
Isolation of cell populations from the mare corpus luteum: comparison of mechanical and collagenase dissociation. Corpora lutea were obtained from mares at days 3, 10 and 14 after ovulation, and examined histologically. The morphology of isolated luteal cells obtained by either mechanical or collagenase dissociation of the tissue was examined and the cells stained to detect the steroidogenic enzyme delta 5, beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. The ratio of large:small cells was significantly higher for cells obtained from mechanically dissociated luteal tissue than for cells obtained by collagenase dissociation (P < 0.01). Cells obtained by both mechanical and collagenase dissociation secreted progestero...
Prepartum adrenocortical maturation in the fetal foal: responses to ACTH. The present study was carried out on 19 chronically catheterized mares and fetuses in late gestation (term > 320 days). In six animals which were monitored up to the time of delivery of a live foal, plasma and amniotic fluid cortisol concentrations remained low until 4-5 days before parturition when there was a rapid, significant rise (P < 0.05) which was not accompanied by any corresponding changes in maternal plasma cortisol. Circulating fetal ACTH concentrations became more variable close to delivery and ANOVA revealed no significant increases during this critical period, although a n...
Proteins induced by recombinant equine interferon-beta 1 within equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes (PMN) as well as embryonic equine dermal fibroblasts and the equine fibroblast line E. Derm which were used as controls, were treated with recombinant equine interferon-beta 1 (rEqIFN-beta 1) in vitro which induced the expression of different proteins in these cells. A 74 kDa protein was induced in PBMC and an 82 kDa protein was additionally found in the equine fibroblast E. Derm cell line following treatment with rEqFN-beta 1. Both proteins reacted with anti-mouse and anti-human Mx protein antisera in im...
Beta-glucuronidase and trypsin inhibitor capacity of tracheal lavage fluid as indicators of seasonal airway irritation in the horse. The health of the respiratory tracts of 19 horses was studied for 11 months. The horses were placed into 3 groups (healthy, periodically diseased and continuously diseased) based on the measurements of blood gases, intrapleural pressure and on neutrophil content of tracheal mucus. Lysosomal enzymes (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase) and reflectors of the proteolytic system (plasmin, plasminogen, trypsin inhibitor capacity) were determined. beta-glucuronidase appeared to be a good indicator of the presence of disease of the respiratory system. High beta-glucuronidase value...
Effect of route of administration and age on the pharmacokinetics of amikacin administered by the intravenous and intraosseous routes to 3 and 5-day-old foals. The suitability of the intraosseous (i.o.) route for drug administration to equine neonates was evaluated in a study comparing the pharmacokinetics of amikacin administered by the i.o. and intravenous (i.v.) routes. Using a cross-over study design amikacin sulphate (7 mg/kg bwt) was administered i.o. or i.v. to 6 healthy foals at 3 and 5 days of age. Amikacin was instantaneously and completely absorbed after i.o. administration, achieving a mean +/- sd peak concentration (34.17 +/- 3.54 micrograms/ml) in the first sample collected 3 min after administration which was not significantly differen...
A new type of staphylococcal exfoliative toxin from a Staphylococcus aureus strain isolated from a horse with phlegmon. A new type of staphylococcal exfoliative toxin (sET) was isolated from the culture filtrate of a Staphylococcus aureus strain isolated from a horse with skin infection including phlegmon. The new sET was purified by precipitation with 80% saturated ammonium sulfate, column chromatography on DEAE-cellulofine A-500, gel filtration on a Sephadex G-75 column, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (7.5% polyacrylamide). The new sET elicited general exfoliation of the epidermis with the so-called Nikolsky sign when inoculated into both 3-day-old mice and 1-day-old chicks, whereas sETA and sETB from...
Equine demineralized bone matrix: relationship between particle size and osteoinduction. The osteoinductive capability of four particle sizes of equine demineralized bone matrix (DBM) was evaluated. Matrix particles were implanted in brachiocephalicus muscle pouches in six horses and were harvested 8 weeks later. Matrix particle sizes of 2.0 mm3 to 4.0 mm3 and 5.0 mm3 to 10.0 mm3 were associated with osteoinductive activity and minimal signs of local inflammation. The two smaller particle sizes (0.425 mm3 to 0.850 mm3 and 0.850 mm3 to 2.0 mm3) were minimally osteoinductive and were associated with a greater local inflammatory response. Microscopic events associated with new bone p...
Equine hoof function investigated by pressure transducers inside the hoof and accelerometers mounted on the first phalanx. The dampening of hoof impact was investigated by measuring the accelerations transmitted through structures of the hoof in horses trotting freely on an asphalt tarmac. The hoof dampened the vibrations transmitted to the first phalanx. Shoeing decreased the viscous dampening and increased the median power frequency and the maximal amplitude of the vibrations transmitted to the first phalanx. The pressure inside the digital cushion of the foreleg was recorded. The pressure dropped during the stance phase, indicating expansion of the hoof. The expansion of the hoof was not produced by frog or sol...
Body position and direction preferences in horses during road transport. It has been hypothesised that horses have a preference for facing backward in a trailer during road transport in order to minimise shifts of body weight due to accelerations and decelerations. To determine if horses have preferences for facing forward vs. backward in a horse trailer, the authors analysed the percentages of time horses spent in different body positions and directions while standing in a moving or parked horse trailer. Body positions and directions of 8 Thoroughbred geldings were videotaped while horses were transported singly and untethered in a 4-horse stock trailer over a 32 ...
The basement membrane at the equine hoof dermal epidermal junction. In the equine hoof, the basement membrane connects the heavily keratinised hoof wall to the dense connective tissue of the distal phalanx, a region able to withstand considerable mechanical stress. This study investigated the properties of this important anatomical and physiological structure. In contrast to haematoxylin and eosin, the connective tissue stains, periodic acid Schiff, periodic acid silver methenamine and Azan showed good resolution of lamellar basement membrane. The lamellar basement membrane cross-reacted with mouse monoclonal antibodies raised against human laminin, thereby pr...
Quantitation of alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor in the pulmonary epithelial lining fluid of horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The concentration of alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (API) was measured in the pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) of horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) while they had clinical signs and while they had none. The concentrations of total protein, albumin and API were significantly higher in the PELF of animals with clinical signs of COPD. The correlation between albumin and API in the PELF suggested that most of the API was derived from the serum.
Differential artificial ventilation in anesthetized horses positioned in lateral recumbency. Effects of differential ventilation on gas exchange were studied in 7 isoflurane-anesthetized, laterally recumbent horses, and were compared with effects of conventional ventilation, using similar minute volume. A tracheal tube-in-tube intubation technique allowed each lung to be connected separately to an anesthetic circle system with a ventilator. Two distribution patterns of tidal volume were investigated; half the tidal volume was distributed to each lung and two-thirds the tidal volume was distributed to the dependent lung. Effects of the combination of these patterns with positive end-ex...
