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Topic:Veterinary Science
Veterinary science and horses encompass the study and application of medical, surgical, and therapeutic practices to maintain and improve the health and welfare of equines. This field addresses a wide range of topics, including disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, as well as nutrition, reproduction, and behavior. Research in veterinary science for horses often involves understanding the pathophysiology of equine-specific diseases, developing advanced diagnostic techniques, and improving treatment protocols. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of veterinary science related to horses, providing insights into the latest advancements and methodologies in equine healthcare.
Inactivation of equine infectious anemia virus by chemical disinfectants. Twelve chemicals and commercial disinfectants were tested for inactivation of equine infectious anemia virus. In the presence of 10% bovine serum, all chemicals inactivated 4 log10 (based on 0.1 ml) of the virus within 5 minutes at 23 C. A reduction of at least 4 log10 was observed when the virus was exposed for 1 minute to substituted phenolic disinfectants (3 commercial preparations and sodium orthophenylphenate), halogen derivatives (iodophor and sodium hypochlorite), chlorhexidine, and 70% ethanol. Sodium hydroxide (5%), 2% formalin, and 2% glutaraldehyde were slower to inactivate the viru...
Effect of diet on cecal pH and feeding behavior of horses. Three cecal-fistulated horses were used in a 3 × 3 latin square experiment to determine the influence of diet and of cecal infusions of Na2C03 on cecal fermentation and feeding behavior. The three treatments were hay, concentrate and concentrate plus hourly infusions of Na2CO3. Cecal fluid samples and cecal pH readings were taken at zero through 11 hr following feeding at the end of each experimental period, and animal activity was measured by the use of a movie camera set to take 5 sec of film every 5 minutes. Cecal pH was significantly lower at 4, 5 and 6 hr following feeding for the horses...
Some metabolic effects of maximal exercise in the horse and adaptations with training. The effects of intermittent maximal exercise (galloping) before and after a 10 week training programme were studied in 6 horses. Determinations were carried out on venous blood for packed cell volume, total plasma protein, glucose, glycerol, free fatty acids, lactate, 11-hydroxycorticosteroids, blood gases and pH. There were marked changes associated with galloping and some of these could be modified with training. The major findings included (i) an elevated blood glucose, (ii) a large increase in glycerol, which was greatest at 30 min post-exercise and was higher following training, (iii) sma...
Bovine reaginic antibody III. Cross-reaction of antihuman IgE and antibovine reaginic immunoglobulin antisera with sera from several species of mammals. Using antisera specific for the heavy chain of human IgE and bovine reaginic immunoglobulin, the degree of cross-reaction amongst sera from pig, rat, rabbit, guinea pig, goat, cow, horse, dog, cat and human was tested. Antihuman IgE antiserum gave strong reactions with pig, rabbit, cow, goat and human sera (100% to 15.1%) and weak reactions with rat, guinea pig, horse, dog and cat sera (10.1% to 3.22%). Antibovine reagin antiserum produced a considerable amount of cross-reaction with sera from pig, rat, rabbit, goat, horse and human (43.6% to 20.1%) with limited reactions with guinea pig, dog ...
The effect of training and detraining on muscle composition in the horse. 1. Percutaneous needle biopsies were obtained from six limb muscles in six horses before and during a training programme of 10 or 15 weeks designed to involve both aerobic and anaerobic work. In a subsequent detraining period, biopsies were also taken after 5 and 10 weeks. 2. Samples were analysed biochemically for enzyme activity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), aldolase (ALD), citrate synthase (CS), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and for glycogen content. Fibre typing was carried out histochemically before and 10 weeks after c...
Western equine encephalomyelitis in horses in the Northern Red River Valley, 1975. In mid-July, 1975, western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) virus was isolated from mosquitoes collected in flooded areas of eastern North Dakota and western Minnesota. Inasmuch as clinical manifestations of WEE are usually observed in horses before human cases of encephalitis are recognized, surveillance of equine disease was initiated. Sixty-one practicing veterinarians from the are under surveillance reported 281 cases of WEE in horses from June through September, with peak incidence in late July. The high percentage of sero-positive, clinically normal, unvaccinated horses in one region sugge...
Serological study of listeriosis in domestic animals in São Paulo-Brazil. A serological examination was carried out for L. monocytogenes antibodies on 9,318 domestic animal--7,809 bovine, 838 horses and 671 swine--in São Paulo, Brazil. Serum agglutination in tubes was the method used. Only somatic antigens from serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4a and 4b were employed. It was considered reagent all sera reacting in a titer 1/20 while as positive only sera with 1/320 or above. According this criteria the results showed showed that in cattle 17.8% were reagent but only 8 sera were positive for types 1, 2 and 4b. Only type 1 was found in horses in a rate of 22.7% reagent, and 11 pos...
Physical optics of the equine eye. The equine eye was treated as a general lens system and calculations were done to determine image position in relation to the retina for objects at a distance of infinity, 100 m, and 1 m. The retina is 19.1 mm behind the posterior surface of the lens; therefore, the image appears 14.6 mm posterior to the retina at infinity and at 100 m, and 16.3 mm at 1-m distance on a horizontal axis. The animals studied were hyperopic. It is evident that the horse must move its head or eye, or both, for optimal visual acuity. At the same time, some objects in the total field of vision are imperceptible or in...
Equine angiotensin converting enzyme: a zinc metalloenzyme. 1. Angiotensin I converting enzyme from horse plasma has been extensively purified and shown to be homogeneous by disc-gel electrophoresis. 2. The metal ion involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme has been identified for the first time as zinc by atomic absorption spectrometry. 3. A number of other physicochemical properties of the enzyme are described and compared with results obtained by other investigators. The molecular weight was determined by gel filtration to be 113 000 daltons. The pH maximum was found to be 7-4. The chloride activation of the enzyme appears to act by facilita...
New techniques to measure blood cholinesterase activity in domesticated animals. A macromethod and a semimicromethod were developed to measure erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity in cattle, sheep, goats, horses, dogs, and swine, and to measure plasma cholinesterase activity in horses, dogs, and swine. Comparison of the 2 methods with erythrocytes of sheep, cattle, goats, and horses indicated both methods gave similar results. They can be done in a shorter time and are more sensitive than Michel's method. Normal deltapH values per minutes, with standard deviations for blood cholinesterase activity of animals of different ages, sexes, breeds, and species, were: 0.76 +/...
Host feeding patterns of Connecticut mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Blood-engorged Coquillettidia perturbans, Psorophora ferox, Culex, Culiseta, and Aedes mosquitoes were collected principally by sweep net from salt marsh and woodland habitats in Connecticut. Of the 570 mosquitoes tested, precipitin tests identified the origins of 517 blood meals and revealed distinct host feeding patterns. Aedes mosquitoes fed chiefly on mammals; A. abserratus, A. cantator, and A. vexans showed selectivity for cattle and (or) horses. A. cantator also obtained blood from avian hosts and, in some instances, showed mixed passerine-mammal blood meals. These findings increase the ...
Studies on the occurrence and distribution of HI antibodies against some arboviruses in the serum of domestic mammals in Puglia. The virological and serological studies previously carried out on arboviruses in Italy are reviewed. The presence of antibodies to 11 arboviruses was investigated in the serum of various domestic animals (100 horses, 107 pigs, 102 sheep, 205 goats, 100 cattle and 200 dogs) from some areas of Puglia. The techniques are described. The results, given in tables and discussed in detail, support the hypothesis that in this region also there are arboviruses circulating, particularly those of group B.
Isolation and properties of prophospholipase A2 and phospholipase A2 from horse pancreas and horse pancreatic juice. Two phospholipases A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) with different isoelectric points have been isolated from horse pancreas in high yield (880 mg/kg tissue). From pancreatic juice the more acidic species was isolated as the sole phospholipase A2. Upon tryptic activation the zymogens release a hepta- and pentapeptide, respectively from the N-terminal part of the protein giving rise to the formation of one single enzyme with a specific activity higher than that of pancreatic phospholipases A2 from other mammalian species. Horse phospholipase A2 differs from the porcine and bovine enzymes with respect to amino a...
