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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Equine Sci / Epidemiology of racing injuries in Thoroughbred racehorses w...
Journal of equine science2016; 27(3); 81-97; doi: 10.1294/jes.27.81

Epidemiology of racing injuries in Thoroughbred racehorses with special reference to bone fractures: Japanese experience from the 1980s to 2000s.

Abstract: This report describes the descriptive epidemiology of racing fractures that occurred from the 1980s to 2000s on racetracks of the Japan Racing Association (JRA). The incidence of racehorse fractures during flat racing was approximately 1-2%. Fractures occurring during a race are more likely to occur in a forelimb. Fractures mostly occur at the third and fourth corners of oval tracks and on the home stretch. They also occur more frequently at the time of changing the leading limb. Comparison of the incidence of racing fracture between before and after reconstruction of the geometrical configuration of a racetrack revealed that there was an outstanding reduction in the number of serious fractures in the year before and after reconstruction. It was postulated that the improvement in racing time, possibly influenced by reconstructing the geometrical configuration of the racetrack, was connected to the reduction in the number of fractures. Of non-biological race- and course-related factors, type of course (dirt or turf), track surface condition, differences between racecourses, and racing distance significantly influence racing time. By using an instrumented shoe, vertical ground reaction forces (VGRFs) on the forelimb during galloping and the relationships between a rough dirt and woodchip track surface and a smooth dirt and woodchip surface were measured. Relating the incidence of racing fractures with track conditions in general showed that track surface has significant effects on the incidence of fracture, with the incidence of fractures increasing as track conditions on dirt worsen and a tendency for the incidence of fractures to decrease as track conditions on turf worsen. It seems probable that track condition in general may affect the incidence of fracture. The incidence of fracture in horses during both racing and training decreased as the years progressed.
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Publication Date: 2016-09-30 PubMed ID: 27703403PubMed Central: PMC5048355DOI: 10.1294/jes.27.81Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article explores the patterns and contributing factors of bone fractures in Thoroughbred racehorses based on the data obtained from racetracks of the Japan Racing Association (JRA) spanning from the 1980s to 2000s.

Overview of the Study

  • The primary focus of the study was to understand the epidemiology of bone fractures in Thoroughbred racehorses. The data were sourced from racing incidents that took place over a twenty-year period, between the 1980s and 2000s, at the Japan Racing Association (JRA) racetracks.
  • The incidence of bone fractures during racing was found to be in the range of 1 to 2%. Most of these fractures occurred in a horse’s forelimb.
  • The study also identified patterns in fracture occurrences. Most fractures happened at the third and fourth corners of oval tracks, during the home stretch, and when horses changed their leading limb.

Impact of Racetrack Configuration

  • The study notes that the geometric configuration of a racetrack has a significant impact on fracture incidences. The researchers compared fracture incidences before and after racetrack reconstruction and found a significant decrease in severe fractures following reconstruction.
  • They hypothesize that improvements in racing time after track reconstruction could be linked to reducing the number of fractures. However, further research might be required to confirm this link.

Other Contributing Factors

  • The authors also discuss various non-biological race and course related factors influencing fractures in racehorses. These includes the type of course (dirt or turf), track surface conditions, differences between racecourses, and racing distance.
  • Researchers used an instrumented shoe to measure vertical ground reaction forces (VGRFs) on the forelimbs during galloping. They studied the effects of a rough dirt and woodchip surface compared to a smooth one.
  • Track conditions were found to significantly influence fracture incidences. The fractures increased as dirt track conditions worsened, whereas turf worsening demonstrated a contrasting trend – decrease in fracture incidences.

Temporal Progression and Overall Trends

  • Despite the various factors contributing to fractures, the study also highlights a positive trend. The incidence of fractures during both racing and training decreased over the years under study, indicating an overall improvement in racehorse safety across time.

Cite This Article

APA
Maeda Y, Hanada M, Oikawa MA. (2016). Epidemiology of racing injuries in Thoroughbred racehorses with special reference to bone fractures: Japanese experience from the 1980s to 2000s. J Equine Sci, 27(3), 81-97. https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.27.81

Publication

Journal of equine science
ISSN: 1340-3516
NlmUniqueID: 9503751
Country: Japan
Language: English
Volume: 27
Issue: 3
Pages: 81-97

Researcher Affiliations

Maeda, Yousuke
  • Laboratory of Clinical Veterinary Medicine for Large Animal, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.
Hanada, Michiko
  • Faculty of Animal Health Technology, Department of Animal Health Technology, Yamazaki Gakuen University, Tokyo 150-0046, Japan.
Oikawa, Masa-Aki
  • Japanese Society of Equine Science, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan.

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Citations

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