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Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2019; 7; 155; doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00155

In vitro Characteristics of Heterogeneous Equine Hoof Progenitor Cell Isolates.

Abstract: Damage to an ectodermal-mesodermal interface like that in the equine hoof and human finger nail bed can permanently alter tissue structure and associated function. The purpose of this study was to establish and validate culture of primary progenitor cell isolates from the ectodermal-mesodermal tissue junction in equine hooves, the stratum internum, with and without chronic inflammation known to contribute to lifelong tissue defects. The following were evaluated in hoof stratum internum cell isolates up to 5 cell passages (P): expansion capacity by cell doublings and doubling time; plasticity with multi-lineage differentiation and colony-forming unit (CFU) frequency percentage; immunophenotype with immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry; gene expression with RT-PCR; and ultrastructure with transmission electron microscopy. The presence of keratin (K)14, 15 and K19 as well as cluster of differentiation (CD)44 and CD29 was determined with immunohistochemistry. To confirm extracellular matrix (ECM) formation, cell-scaffold (polyethylene glycol/poly-L-lactic acid and tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite) constructs were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy 9 weeks after implantation in athymic mice. Cultured cells had characteristic progenitor cell morphology, expansion, CFU frequency percentage and adipocytic, osteoblastic, and neurocytic differentiation capacity. CD44, CD29, K14, K15 and K19 proteins were present in native hoof stratum internum. Cultured cells also expressed K15, K19 and desmogleins 1 and 3. Gene expression of CD105, CD44, K14, K15, sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) and octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) was confirmed . Cultured cells had large, eccentric nuclei, elongated mitochondria, and intracellular vacuoles. Scaffold implants with cells contained fibrous ECM 9 weeks after implantation compared to little or none on acellular scaffolds. expansion and plasticity and ECM deposition of heterogeneous, immature cell isolates from the ectodermal-mesodermal tissue interface of normal and chronically inflamed hooves are typical of primary cell isolates from other adult tissues, and they appear to have both mesodermal and ectodermal qualities . These results establish a unique cell culture model to target preventative and restorative therapies for ectodermal-mesodermal tissue junctions.
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Publication Date: 2019-07-11 PubMed ID: 31355191PubMed Central: PMC6637248DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00155Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article presents a study that focuses on the in vitro characteristics and cultivation of primary progenitor cell groups sourced from the stratum internum in equine hooves, a layer similar to human fingernails. The study explored these traits both in the context of normal tissues and in tissues suffering from chronic inflammation, in order to comprehend their potential for restorative therapies for tissues that are ectodermal-mesodermal in nature.

Research Methodology

  • The investigators evaluated the properties of hoof stratum internum cell isolates for up to five passages in terms of expansion rate, differentiation capacity, CFU frequency, immunotype, gene expression, and ultrastructure.
  • A combination of immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and transmission electron microscopy was used for these experiments.
  • The presence of various keratin subtypes (K14, K15, K19) and cluster of differentiation (CD) markers (CD29 and CD44) was determined using immunohistochemistry.
  • To ascertain the formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), cell-scaffold constructs were placed into athymic mice and subjected to scanning electron microscopy nine weeks post-implantation.

Research Findings

  • The results revealed that the cultured cells had typical progenitor cell morphology, expansion capacity, CFU percentage, and the capability to differentiate into adipocytic, osteoblastic, and neurocytic lineages.
  • In the native hoof stratum internum, CD44, CD29, K14, K15, and K19 proteins were detected. Additionally, the cultured cells demonstrated K15, K19, and desmogleins 1 and 3.
  • Gene expression of CD105, CD44, K14, K15, SOX2, and OCT4 was authenticated.
  • Cellular analysis showed large, eccentric nuclei, elongated mitochondria, and intracellular vacuoles in the cultured cells.
  • The implanted scaffolds containing cells displayed fibrous ECM nine weeks after implantation, contrasting with acellular scaffolds, which exhibited little to no ECM.

Conclusions and Implications

  • The study confirms the capacity for expansion, differentiation, and ECM formation among heterogeneous, immature cell isolates sourced from the ectodermal-mesodermal tissue of both normal and chronically inflamed equine hooves.
  • This suggests these characteristics closely match those of primary cell isolates from other adult tissues, demonstrating a combination of mesodermal and ectodermal qualities.
  • These findings pave the way for the development of a unique cell culture model, which could be instrumental in creating preventative and restorative therapies for ectodermal-mesodermal tissue junctions.

Cite This Article

APA
Yang Q, Pinto VMR, Duan W, Paxton EE, Dessauer JH, Ryan W, Lopez MJ. (2019). In vitro Characteristics of Heterogeneous Equine Hoof Progenitor Cell Isolates. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 7, 155. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2019.00155

Publication

Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology
ISSN: 2296-4185
NlmUniqueID: 101632513
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 7
Pages: 155
PII: 155

Researcher Affiliations

Yang, Qingqiu
  • Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.
Pinto, Vanessa Marigo Rocha
  • Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.
Duan, Wei
  • Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.
Paxton, Erica E
  • Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.
Dessauer, Jenna H
  • Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.
Ryan, William
  • Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.
Lopez, Mandi J
  • Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.

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Citations

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