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Frontiers in veterinary science2022; 9; 1005079; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1005079

Participatory appraisal for healthcare and welfare management strategies of donkeys (Equus ascinus) in Balochistan, Pakistan.

Abstract: In spite of the significant importance of the donkeys () as draft animal in resource-poor countries like Pakistan, they are equines not receiving the appropriate care. They face challenges including injuries, diseases, lack of basic environment and mismanagement by their owners. The present study aims to provide a brief update on the current status of management of healthcare and the welfare of domestic donkeys using participatory epidemiological tools. These tools can help to provide better strategies for improving their productivity and inclusion in human society. This study was mainly focused only on donkeys and horses, mules and ponies were excluded from the study. We carried out a systematic review of the relevant available published literature and shortlisted 50 articles reporting on the different health related characteristics of donkeys. A comprehensive questionnaire was completed by 191 donkey owners, including nine farriers (all men, average age = 38.24 ± 12.43) over a time span from October 2021 to March 2022. Multivariate Odds Ratios (MORs) and 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the predictions of health management and welfare measures for the surveyed donkeys. The most common observed medical problems in donkey health were hyperlipaemia (28.06%), lameness (16.33%) and dental (20.41%) problems. One-third (34.31%) of the donkeys were underweight. The dull donkey with poor appetite needs a clinical emergency owing to a high risk of developing hyperlipemia, which may be life-threatening. These findings are quite useful for the improvement of healthcare management and the welfare of donkeys.
Copyright © 2022 Kamran, Akbar, Naseem, Samad, Samiullah, Achakzai, Rehman, Sohail Sajid and Ali.
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Publication Date: 2022-09-02 PubMed ID: 36118345PubMed Central: PMC9478909DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1005079Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research examined the challenges faced by donkeys in resource-poor countries like Pakistan and aimed to improve healthcare and welfare strategies using a participatory approach. The research specifically identified common medical issues among donkeys, provided insightful information on their management, and suggested potential strategies for improvement.

Objectives of the Research

  • The study aimed to address the main challenges faced by domestic donkeys in resource-poor regions, underserved in terms of healthcare and welfare initiatives.
  • The research sought to update the current understanding of donkey management in these regions, using participatory epidemiological tools.
  • Another objective of the research was to provide concrete data and statistics about health issues prevalent among donkeys, including hyperlipaemia, lameness, and dental problems.

Methodology

  • The research centered on donkeys, excluding other equines such as horses, mules, and ponies.
  • The investigators began with a systematic review of approximately 50 previously published research articles related to the health characteristics of donkeys.
  • The authors then conducted a comprehensive survey among 191 donkey owners and nine farriers, collecting data from October 2021 to March 2022.
  • Statistical analysis was carried out using Multivariate Odds Ratios (MORs) and confidence intervals to predict health management and welfare measures for the donkeys.

Findings

  • The most common health issues identified among the surveyed donkeys were hyperlipaemia (28.06%), lameness (16.33%) and dental problems (20.41%).
  • It was found that about a third (34.31%) of the donkeys surveyed were underweight.
  • The research highlights the importance of immediate medical interventions for donkeys identified as underfed with poor appetites, due to the high risk of developing hyperlipemia—a potentially life-threatening condition.

Significance of the Research

  • The study provides key data on the regular healthcare concerns and management issues faced by donkeys in resource-poor countries, aiding in the development of more efficient health and welfare strategies.
  • By presenting an updated status on donkey management and common health problems, the research could serve as a reference for policy makers, animal healthcare practitioners, and equine-centric organizations, guiding them in improving the welfare of donkeys in these regions.

Cite This Article

APA
Kamran K, Akbar A, Naseem M, Samad A, Samiullah , Achakzai JK, Rehman ZU, Sohail Sajid M, Ali A. (2022). Participatory appraisal for healthcare and welfare management strategies of donkeys (Equus ascinus) in Balochistan, Pakistan. Front Vet Sci, 9, 1005079. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1005079

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Pages: 1005079
PII: 1005079

Researcher Affiliations

Kamran, Kashif
  • Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan.
Akbar, Ali
  • Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan.
Naseem, Mahrukh
  • Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan.
Samad, Abdul
  • Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology (CASVAB), University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan.
Samiullah,
  • Department of Chemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan.
Achakzai, Jahangir Khan
  • Department of Natural and Basic Sciences, University of Turbat, Kech, Balochistan, Pakistan.
Rehman, Zia Ur
  • Institute of Biochemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan.
Sohail Sajid, Muhammad
  • Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
  • Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Ali, Abid
  • Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Bukhari SSUH, McElligott AG, Rosanowski SM, Parkes RSV. Recognition of emotion and pain by owners benefits the welfare of donkeys in a challenging working environment.. PeerJ 2023;11:e15747.
    doi: 10.7717/peerj.15747pubmed: 37576503google scholar: lookup
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