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Frontiers in veterinary science2020; 6; 507; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00507

The Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Treat Systemic Inflammation in Horses.

Abstract: One hallmark of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is the ability to differentiate into multiple tissue types which assists in tissue regeneration. Another hallmark of MSCs is their potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and the potential to treat inflammatory, immune-mediated, and ischemic conditions. In equine practice, MSCs have shown efficacy in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders such as tendinopathy, meniscal tears and cartilage injury. However, there are many equine disease processes and conditions that may benefit from the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs. Examples include conditions associated with overwhelming acute inflammatory response such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome to chronic diseases characterized by a prolonged low level of inflammation such as equine asthma and recurrent uveitis. For the acute inflammatory response processes, there is often high morbidity and mortality with no effective immunomodulatory treatment to prevent the overwhelming synthesis of proinflammatory mediators. For chronic inflammatory disease processes, frequently long-term corticosteroid treatment is the therapeutic mainstay, with serious potential complications. Thus, there is an unmet need for alternative anti-inflammatory treatments for both acute and chronic illnesses in horses. While MSCs show promise for such conditions, much research is needed before a clinically safe and effective treatment will be available. Optimal MSC tissue source, patient vs. donor source (autologous vs. allogeneic) and cell growth conditions need to be determined for each problem. For immediate use, allogeneic MSC treatments is preferable, but immune tolerance and adequate safety require further study. MSC collection and cryopreservation from horses before they are injured or ill, whether from umbilical cord tissue, bone marrow or adipose might become more widespread. Once these fundamental approaches to treating specific diseases with MSCs are determined, the route of administration, dose and timing of administration also need to be studied. To provide a framework for development of MSC immunomodulatory treatments, this article reviews the current understanding of equine MSC anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and proposes how MSC therapy may be further developed to treat acute onset systemic inflammatory processes and chronic inflammatory diseases.
Copyright © 2020 MacDonald and Barrett.
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Publication Date: 2020-01-21 PubMed ID: 32039250PubMed Central: PMC6985200DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00507Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This is a research exploration into the potential of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to treat both acute and chronic inflammatory conditions in horses, given their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, and their role in tissue regeneration.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs): A Potential Biomedical Solution

  • The study revolves around MSCs for their crucial role in tissue regeneration and their potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties.
  • These cells hold promise in treating various inflammatory, immune-mediated, and ischemic conditions that affect horses.
  • MSCs have already shown enhanced efficacy in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders such as tendinopathy, meniscal tears, and cartilage injury in equine practice.

Practical Application of MSCs in Equine Diseases

  • MSCs can be instrumental in treating various equine diseases that are associated with an acute inflammatory response like systemic inflammatory response syndrome, as well as chronic diseases linked with prolonged low-level inflammation like equine asthma and recurrent uveitis.
  • In most acute cases, there is a high rate of morbidity and mortality due to an excessive synthesis of proinflammatory mediators with no available immunomodulatory treatment.
  • Regarding chronic inflammatory diseases, long-term corticosteroid treatment is often employed, which might lead to serious complications, underlining the need for alternative anti-inflammatory treatments.

MSCs: Research Needs and Possible Approaches

  • While the therapeutic potential of MSCs is recognized, there is a need for extensive research to develop a clinically safe and effective treatment.
  • It is essential to determine an optimal MSC tissue source, consider deciding between patient vs. donor source (autologous vs. allogeneic), and understand the favorable cell growth conditions for each problem.
  • For immediate use, allogeneic MSC treatments seem to be preferable. However, their potential for immune tolerance and adequate safety still requires further exploration.
  • Future directions might include widespread collection and cryopreservation of MSCs from horses before they become injured or ill, possibly from umbilical cord tissue, bone marrow, or adipose.

Refining the Therapeutic Use of MSCs

  • Once these fundamental approaches are determined, the route of administration, dosage and timing of administering MSC treatment also need investigation and optimization.
  • This research provides a preliminary framework to plan further development of MSC immunomodulatory treatments, advancing the understanding of equine MSC anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties.
  • Essentially, the study outlines how MSC therapy could be refined to treat acute onset systemic inflammatory processes and chronic inflammatory diseases effectively.

Cite This Article

APA
MacDonald ES, Barrett JG. (2020). The Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Treat Systemic Inflammation in Horses. Front Vet Sci, 6, 507. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00507

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 6
Pages: 507
PII: 507

Researcher Affiliations

MacDonald, Elizabeth S
  • Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Leesburg, VA, United States.
Barrett, Jennifer G
  • Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Leesburg, VA, United States.

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