FREE SHIPPING over $40
Horse Supplements USA English
Horse Supplements Canada EnglishSuppléments Équins Canada French
My Account
View Cart My Horses Track Orders Account Details My Subscriptions Update Address Payment Methods
Register/Login
0
Home/Equine Research Bank/Animals (Basel)/The Triple-E Model: Advancing Equestrian Research with Persp...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2023; 13(16); 2642; doi: 10.3390/ani13162642

The Triple-E Model: Advancing Equestrian Research with Perspectives from One Health.

Abstract: Equestrian sport has various welfare issues and educational needs. To address these complex interactions, we propose an integrated approach called the Triple-E Model, which focuses on the equine, equestrian, and environmental triad. A literature review of existing models suggests that complexities of these interactions are overlooked, despite the significant impact of equine industries on economics, healthcare, and animal welfare. This paper discusses current models and theories used to evaluate equine-equestrian-environmental interactions and introduces the Triple-E Model to foster multidisciplinary collaboration. Unlike the One Health triad, which focuses on disease emergence, transmission, and zoonosis, the Triple-E Model extends to non-infectious research, such as musculoskeletal injury. It promotes collaborative care and rehabilitation within the equestrian community by engaging multidisciplinary, multi-setting, and multi-sectoral teams. Given the nature of human-animal interaction and welfare considerations, this model fills the gap in understanding human-horse interactions. The paper highlights the limitations of existing models and explains how the Triple-E Model guides and encourages holistic team collaboration in the equestrian community.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2023-08-16 PubMed ID: 37627432PubMed Central: PMC10451526DOI: 10.3390/ani13162642Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedIn
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research abstract details a novel integrated approach for addressing welfare issues and educational needs in equestrian sports, named the Triple-E Model, which focuses on equine, equestrian, and environmental aspects.

Overview of the Problem

  • The authors noticed recurring problems in the equestrian sports industry, with specific issues on animal welfare and the lack of educational resources. Traditional approaches to these challenges have not entirely addressed these concerns due to the complex interactions involving the horse, the rider, and the environment.
  • The researchers also pointed out that despite the significant impact of equine industries on economies, healthcare, and animal welfare, comprehensive models that evaluate these aspects are currently lacking.

Introduction of the Triple-E Model

  • To rectify this, the researchers proposed the Triple-E Model, an integrated approach which centralizes on the equine (the horse), the equestrian (the rider), and the environment. This model is designed to stimulate multidisciplinary collaboration and provide a holistic view on the industry.
  • The Triple-E Model differs from the existing One Health triad, which is centered on disease emergence, transmission, and zoonosis. Instead, the Triple-E Model extends to non-infectious areas of research, such as injuries to the horse’s musculoskeletal system.
  • The model promotes care and rehabilitation within the equestrian community. It includes multi-setting and multi-sectoral teams, encouraging collaboration from various stakeholders in the industry.

Implications and Advantages of the Model

  • According to the researchers, the Triple-E Model addresses the existing gap in understanding human-horse interactions. Plus, it considers the nature of these interactions and important welfare factors.
  • The paper notes the current models’ limitations and emphasizes how the Triple-E model can guide the equestrian community towards a more holistic and integrated approach. This model is developed to encourage holistic team collaboration and elevate the overall standards in the equestrian community.
  • Ultimately, the implementation of this model could lead to improved welfare of horses, more informed equestrian practices, and a healthier environment in the equestrian sector.

Cite This Article

APA
Keener MM, Tumlin KI. (2023). The Triple-E Model: Advancing Equestrian Research with Perspectives from One Health. Animals (Basel), 13(16), 2642. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13162642

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 16
PII: 2642

Researcher Affiliations

Keener, Michaela M
  • Sports Medicine Research Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
Tumlin, Kimberly I
  • Sports Medicine Research Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 87 references
  1. Buchanan L., Dann S. Participation in equestrian sport: Motives, barriers and profiles; Proceedings of the ANZMAC 2006 Conference; Brisbane, Australia. 4u20136 December 2006; pp. 4u20136.
  2. Curtis L, Burford JH, England GCW, Freeman SL. Risk factors for acute abdominal pain (colic) in the adult horse: A scoping review of risk factors, and a systematic review of the effect of management-related changes.. PLoS One 2019;14(7):e0219307.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219307pmc: PMC6622499pubmed: 31295284google scholar: lookup
  3. Ivester K., Couu00ebtil L. Management of chronic airway inflammation in the horse: A systematic review. Equine Vet. Educ. 2014;26:647u2013656. doi: 10.1111/eve.12238.
    doi: 10.1111/eve.12238google scholar: lookup
  4. Dominguez M, Mu00fcnstermann S, de Guindos I, Timoney P. Equine disease events resulting from international horse movements: Systematic review and lessons learned.. Equine Vet J 2016 Sep;48(5):641-53.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.12523pubmed: 26509734google scholar: lookup
  5. Elmeua Gonzu00e1lez M, u0160arabon N. Muscle modes of the equestrian rider at walk, rising trot and canter.. PLoS One 2020;15(8):e0237727.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237727pmc: PMC7446812pubmed: 32810165google scholar: lookup
  6. Viry S, Sleimen-Malkoun R, Temprado JJ, Frances JP, Berton E, Laurent M, Nicol C. Patterns of horse-rider coordination during endurance race: a dynamical system approach.. PLoS One 2013;8(8):e71804.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071804pmc: PMC3733789pubmed: 23940788google scholar: lookup
  7. Greve L, Dyson S. The horse-saddle-rider interaction.. Vet J 2013 Mar;195(3):275-81.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.10.020pubmed: 23177524google scholar: lookup
  8. Pfau T, Spence A, Starke S, Ferrari M, Wilson A. Modern riding style improves horse racing times.. Science 2009 Jul 17;325(5938):289.
    doi: 10.1126/science.1174605pubmed: 19608909google scholar: lookup
  9. Bolles R.C. Learning Theory. 2nd ed. Holt, Rinehart and Winston; New York, MY, USA: 1979.
  10. Adams JA. A closed-loop theory of motor learning.. J Mot Behav 1971 Jun;3(2):111-49.
    doi: 10.1080/00222895.1971.10734898pubmed: 15155169google scholar: lookup
  11. Sciascia A, Cromwell R. Kinetic chain rehabilitation: a theoretical framework.. Rehabil Res Pract 2012;2012:853037.
    doi: 10.1155/2012/853037pmc: PMC3361354pubmed: 22666599google scholar: lookup
  12. Richard S. Introduction to the Modern Theory of Dynamical Systems. Volume 38. Cambridge University Press; Cambridge, UK: 1996. pp. 180u2013181. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
  13. Stallones L, McManus P, McGreevy P. Sustainability and the Thoroughbred Breeding and Racing Industries: An Enhanced One Welfare Perspective.. Animals (Basel) 2023 Jan 31;13(3).
    doi: 10.3390/ani13030490pmc: PMC9913237pubmed: 36766378google scholar: lookup
  14. Keener MM, Tumlin KI, Dlugonski D. Self-Reported Physical Activity and Perception of Athleticism in American Equestrian Athletes.. J Phys Act Health 2023 Mar 1;20(3):169-179.
    doi: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0398pubmed: 36669501google scholar: lookup
  15. Mackenzie JS, Jeggo M. The One Health Approach-Why Is It So Important?. Trop Med Infect Dis 2019 May 31;4(2).
    doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed4020088pmc: PMC6630404pubmed: 31159338google scholar: lookup
  16. Waters A. Progress report-One Health. Vet. Rec. 2017;180:410. doi: 10.1136/vr.j2067.
    doi: 10.1136/vr.j2067google scholar: lookup
  17. Gibbs EP. The evolution of One Health: a decade of progress and challenges for the future.. Vet Rec 2014 Jan 25;174(4):85-91.
    doi: 10.1136/vr.g143pubmed: 24464377google scholar: lookup
  18. El Zowalaty ME, Ju00e4rhult JD. From SARS to COVID-19: A previously unknown SARS- related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) of pandemic potential infecting humans - Call for a One Health approach.. One Health 2020 Jun;9:100124.
    doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100124pmc: PMC7075990pubmed: 32195311google scholar: lookup
  19. Gebreyes WA, Dupouy-Camet J, Newport MJ, Oliveira CJ, Schlesinger LS, Saif YM, Kariuki S, Saif LJ, Saville W, Wittum T, Hoet A, Quessy S, Kazwala R, Tekola B, Shryock T, Bisesi M, Patchanee P, Boonmar S, King LJ. The global one health paradigm: challenges and opportunities for tackling infectious diseases at the human, animal, and environment interface in low-resource settings.. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014;8(11):e3257.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003257pmc: PMC4230840pubmed: 25393303google scholar: lookup
  20. Hemida MG, Ba Abduallah MM. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak from a one health perspective.. One Health 2020 Dec;10:100127.
    doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100127pmc: PMC7102578pubmed: 32292814google scholar: lookup
  21. Lu00f6nker NS, Fechner K, Wahed AAE. Horses as a Crucial Part of One Health.. Vet Sci 2020 Feb 29;7(1).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci7010028pmc: PMC7157506pubmed: 32121327google scholar: lookup
  22. Azzaroli A. An Early History of Horsemanship. Brill; Leiden, The Netherlands: 1985.
  23. Parker R.O. Equine Science. 4th ed. Delmar, Cengage Learning; Clifton Park, NY, USA: 2013.
  24. American Horse Council . Economic Impact Study of the US Horse Industry. American Horse Council; Washington, DC, USA: 2018.
  25. Chalmers D, Dell CA. Applying One Health to the Study of Animal-Assisted Interventions.. Ecohealth 2015 Dec;12(4):560-2.
    doi: 10.1007/s10393-015-1042-3pmc: PMC4703413pubmed: 26063040google scholar: lookup
  26. Wolframm I. The Science of Equestrian Sports: Theory, Practice and Performance of the Equestrian Rider. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group; London, UK: 2014.
  27. Levine M.A., Mills D.S., McDonnel S.M. The Domestic Horse: The Origins, Development, and Management of its Behaviour. Cambridge University Press; Cambridge, MA, USA: 2005. Domestication and early history of the horse; pp. 5u201319.
  28. Ockerman F. Hidden History of Horse Racing in Kentucky. 1st ed. History Press; Charleston, SC, USA: 2019.
  29. McLean A.N., McGreevy P.D. Revisting the ISES training principles; Proceedings of the Conference of the International Society for Equitation Science; Vancouver, BC, Canada. 6u20138 August 2015.
  30. McLean A.N., Christensen J.W. The application of learning theory in horse training. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 2017;190:18u201327. doi: 10.1016/j.applanim.2017.02.020.
    doi: 10.1016/j.applanim.2017.02.020google scholar: lookup
  31. Starling M, McLean A, McGreevy P. The Contribution of Equitation Science to Minimising Horse-Related Risks to Humans.. Animals (Basel) 2016 Feb 23;6(3).
    doi: 10.3390/ani6030015pmc: PMC4810043pubmed: 26907354google scholar: lookup
  32. McGreevy PD. The advent of equitation science.. Vet J 2007 Nov;174(3):492-500.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.09.008pubmed: 17157542google scholar: lookup
  33. Zetterqvist Blokhuis M., Lundgren C. Ridersu2019 perceptions of equestrian communication in sports dressage. Soc. Anim. 2017;25:573u2013591. doi: 10.1163/15685306-12341476.
    doi: 10.1163/15685306-12341476google scholar: lookup
  34. Cook W. Bit-induced pain: A cause of fear, flight, fight and facial neurolgia in the horse. Pferdeheilkunde. 2003;19:75u201382. doi: 10.21836/PEM20030111.
    doi: 10.21836/PEM20030111google scholar: lookup
  35. Fraser A.F. The Behaviour and Welfare of the Horse. CABI; Wallingford, UK: 2010.
  36. Loder RT. The demographics of equestrian-related injuries in the United States: injury patterns, orthopedic specific injuries, and avenues for injury prevention.. J Trauma 2008 Aug;65(2):447-60.
    doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e31817dac43pubmed: 18695484google scholar: lookup
  37. Ball CG, Ball JE, Kirkpatrick AW, Mulloy RH. Equestrian injuries: incidence, injury patterns, and risk factors for 10 years of major traumatic injuries.. Am J Surg 2007 May;193(5):636-40.
    doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.01.016pubmed: 17434372google scholar: lookup
  38. Guyton K, Houchen-Wise E, Peck E, Mayberry J. Equestrian injury is costly, disabling, and frequently preventable: the imperative for improved safety awareness.. Am Surg 2013 Jan;79(1):76-83.
    doi: 10.1177/000313481307900134pubmed: 23317616google scholar: lookup
  39. Chapman M, Thompson K. Preventing and Investigating Horse-Related Human Injury and Fatality in Work and Non-Work Equestrian Environments: A Consideration of the Workplace Health and Safety Framework.. Animals (Basel) 2016 May 6;6(5).
    doi: 10.3390/ani6050033pmc: PMC4880850pubmed: 27164148google scholar: lookup
  40. Wang CH, Chang CC, Liang YM, Shih CM, Chiu WS, Tseng P, Hung DL, Tzeng OJ, Muggleton NG, Juan CH. Open vs. closed skill sports and the modulation of inhibitory control.. PLoS One 2013;8(2):e55773.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055773pmc: PMC3572130pubmed: 23418458google scholar: lookup
  41. Knapp B. Skill in Sport: The Attainment of Proficiency. Routledge and Kegan Paul PLC; Abingdon, UK: 1967.
  42. Gu Q, Zou L, Loprinzi PD, Quan M, Huang T. Effects of Open Versus Closed Skill Exercise on Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review.. Front Psychol 2019;10:1707.
    doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01707pmc: PMC6718477pubmed: 31507472google scholar: lookup
  43. Keener MM, Critchley ML, Layer JS, Johnson EC, Barrett SF, Dai B. The Effect of Stirrup Length on Impact Attenuation and Its Association With Muscle Strength.. J Strength Cond Res 2021 Nov 1;35(11):3056-3062.
    doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003278pubmed: 31972822google scholar: lookup
  44. Olivier A, Faugloire E, Lejeune L, Biau S, Isableu B. Head Stability and Head-Trunk Coordination in Horseback Riders: The Contribution of Visual Information According to Expertise.. Front Hum Neurosci 2017;11:11.
    doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00011pmc: PMC5277006pubmed: 28194100google scholar: lookup
  45. Sung BJ, Jeon SY, Lim SR, Lee KE, Jee H. Equestrian expertise affecting physical fitness, body compositions, lactate, heart rate and calorie consumption of elite horse riding players.. J Exerc Rehabil 2015 Jun;11(3):175-81.
    doi: 10.12965/jer.150209pmc: PMC4492429pubmed: 26171385google scholar: lookup
  46. Oliver GD, Gilmer GG, Barfield JW, Brittain AR. Differences in trunk and upper extremity kinematics and segmental velocities during the offside forehand polo swing between male and female athletes.. J Sports Sci 2019 Sep;37(17):2007-2013.
    doi: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1614713pubmed: 31068097google scholar: lookup
  47. Visentini P. The body & the bike: A kinetic chain analysis of cycling overuse injury. J. Sci. Cycl. 2015;4
  48. Visentini P. Cycling: How to move well for efficiency and injury prevention. Sport Health. 2013;31:52.
  49. Kelso J.A.S. Coordination dynamics. In: Meyers R., editor. Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science. Springer; Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany: 2009. pp. 1537u20131564.
  50. Haken H. Synergetics: Cooperative Phenomena in Multi-Component Systems. Springer; Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany: 2009. Introduction to Synergetics; pp. 8946u20138948.
  51. Tumlin K, Liu S, Park JH. Framing Future of Work Considerations through Climate and Built Environment Assessment of Volunteer Work Practices in the United States Equine Assisted Services.. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 Oct 2;18(19).
    doi: 10.3390/ijerph181910385pmc: PMC8508050pubmed: 34639685google scholar: lookup
  52. Malchrowicz-Mou015bko E, Wieliu0144ski D, Adamczewska K. Perceived Benefits for Mental and Physical Health and Barriers to Horseback Riding Participation. The Analysis among Professional and Amateur Athletes.. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020 May 25;17(10).
    doi: 10.3390/ijerph17103736pmc: PMC7277445pubmed: 32466221google scholar: lookup
  53. Schwarzmu00fcller-Erber G, Stummer H, Maier M, Kundi M. Nature Relatedness of Recreational Horseback Riders and Its Association with Mood and Wellbeing.. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020 Jun 10;17(11).
    doi: 10.3390/ijerph17114136pmc: PMC7312614pubmed: 32531937google scholar: lookup
  54. Zeng X, Trask C, Kociolek AM. Whole-body vibration exposure of occupational horseback riding in agriculture: A ranching example.. Am J Ind Med 2017 Feb;60(2):215-220.
    doi: 10.1002/ajim.22683pubmed: 28079277google scholar: lookup
  55. Wheeler E.F. Horse Stable and Riding Arena Design. John Wiley & Sons; Hoboken, NJ, USA: 2008.
  56. McGill S, Hayes M, Tumlin K, Coleman R. Characterization of indoor arenas through an anonymous survey.. Transl Anim Sci 2021 Oct;5(4):txab198.
    doi: 10.1093/tas/txab198pmc: PMC8576445pubmed: 34761167google scholar: lookup
  57. Hu00fcppler M., Hu00e4fner F., Geiger S., Mu00e4der D., Hagen J. Modifying the surface of horseshoes: Effects of eggbar, heartbar, open toe, and wide toe shoes on the phalangeal alignment, pressure distribution, and the footing pattern. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 2016;37:86u201397. doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2015.12.009.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2015.12.009google scholar: lookup
  58. Flores FM, Dagnese F, Copetti F. Do the type of walking surface and the horse speed during hippotherapy modify the dynamics of sitting postural control in children with cerebral palsy?. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2019 Dec;70:46-51.
    doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.07.030pubmed: 31386976google scholar: lookup
  59. Maeda Y., Tomioka M., Hanada M., Oikawa M.-a. Influence of track surface condition on racing times of thoroughbred racehorses in flat races. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 2012;32:689u2013695. doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2012.02.012.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2012.02.012google scholar: lookup
  60. Mahaffey CA, Peterson ML, Thomason JJ, McIlwraith CW. Dynamic testing of horseshoe designs at impact on synthetic and dirt Thoroughbred racetrack materials.. Equine Vet J 2016 Jan;48(1):97-102.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.12360pubmed: 25251227google scholar: lookup
  61. Pfau T, Noordwijk K, Sepulveda Caviedes MF, Persson-Sjodin E, Barstow A, Forbes B, Rhodin M. Head, withers and pelvic movement asymmetry and their relative timing in trot in racing Thoroughbreds in training.. Equine Vet J 2018 Jan;50(1):117-124.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.12705pmc: PMC5724686pubmed: 28548349google scholar: lookup
  62. van der Heijden R.J. Ph.D. Thesis. University of New Hampshire; Durham, NH, USA: 2018. Engineered Equestrian Riding Surfaces.
  63. de Cocq P, van Weeren PR, Back W. Effects of girth, saddle and weight on movements of the horse.. Equine Vet J 2004 Dec;36(8):758-63.
    doi: 10.2746/0425164044848000pubmed: 15656511google scholar: lookup
  64. Harman J. Tack and saddle fit.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 1999 Apr;15(1):247-61, ix.
    doi: 10.1016/S0749-0739(17)30175-Xpubmed: 10218253google scholar: lookup
  65. Greve L, Dyson S. Saddle fit and management: An investigation of the association with equine thoracolumbar asymmetries, horse and rider health.. Equine Vet J 2015 Jul;47(4):415-21.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.12304pubmed: 24905610google scholar: lookup
  66. Kotschwar AB, Baltacis A, Peham C. The effects of different saddle pads on forces and pressure distribution beneath a fitting saddle.. Equine Vet J 2010 Mar;42(2):114-8.
    doi: 10.2746/042516409X475382pubmed: 20156245google scholar: lookup
  67. Mackechnie-Guire R., Mackechnie-Guire E., Fisher M., Mathie H., Bush R., Pfau T., Weller R. Relationship between saddle and rider kinematics, horse locomotion, and thoracolumbar pressures in sound horses. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 2018;69:43u201352. doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.06.003.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.06.003google scholar: lookup
  68. Quinn S, Bird S. Influence of saddle type upon the incidence of lower back pain in equestrian riders.. Br J Sports Med 1996 Jun;30(2):140-4.
    doi: 10.1136/bjsm.30.2.140pmc: PMC1332378pubmed: 8799599google scholar: lookup
  69. Cook W.R., Kibler M. Behavioural assessment of pain in 66 horses, with and without a bit. Equine Vet. Educ. 2018;31:551u2013560. doi: 10.1111/eve.12916.
    doi: 10.1111/eve.12916google scholar: lookup
  70. Doherty O., Casey V., McGreevy P., McLean A., Parker P., Arkins S. An analysis of visible patterns of horse bit wear. J. Vet. Behav. 2017;18:84u201391. doi: 10.1016/j.jveb.2016.12.007.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jveb.2016.12.007google scholar: lookup
  71. Casey V., McGreevy P.D., Ou2019Muiris E., Doherty O. A preliminary report on estimating the pressures exerted by a crank noseband in the horse. J. Vet. Behav. 2013;8:479u2013484. doi: 10.1016/j.jveb.2013.06.003.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jveb.2013.06.003google scholar: lookup
  72. Geser-von Peinen K, Latif SN, Wiestner T, Bitschnau C, Renk B, Weishaupt MA. Applied load on the horse's back under racing conditions.. Vet J 2013 Dec;198 Suppl 1:e88-92.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.09.039pubmed: 24246649google scholar: lookup
  73. Murray R., Guire R., Fisher M., Fairfax V. Reducing peak pressures under the saddle panel at the level of the 10th to 13th thoracic vertebrae may be associated with improved gait features, even when saddles are fitted to published guidelines. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 2017;54:60u201369. doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.02.010.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.02.010google scholar: lookup
  74. Gottwald D., Ku00f6sters W. A direct test of the liquidity trap hypothesis using spline functions. Jahrbu00fccher Fu00fcr Natl. Und Stat. 1980;195:217u2013242.
  75. Griffiths M. Ph.D. Thesis. Anglo-European College of Chiropractic; Bournemouth, UK: 1987. A Comparative Study of Lumbar Biomechanics and Sacroiliac Joint Mobility in Horseback Riders and Non-Riders.
  76. Roncada P, Modesti A, Timperio AM, Bini L, Castagnola M, Fasano M, Urbani A. One medicine--one health--one biology and many proteins: proteomics on the verge of the One Health approach.. Mol Biosyst 2014 Jun;10(6):1226-7.
    doi: 10.1039/c4mb90011apubmed: 24777557google scholar: lookup
  77. World Health Organization One Health. [(accessed on 17 October 2020)]. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/one-health.
  78. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention One Health. [(accessed on 17 October 2020)]; Available online: https://www.cdc.gov/onehealth/index.html.
  79. Bauer MS, Damschroder L, Hagedorn H, Smith J, Kilbourne AM. An introduction to implementation science for the non-specialist.. BMC Psychol 2015 Sep 16;3(1):32.
    doi: 10.1186/s40359-015-0089-9pmc: PMC4573926pubmed: 26376626google scholar: lookup
  80. Iavicoli S, Natali E, Deitinger P, Maria Rondinone B, Ertel M, Jain A, Leka S. Occupational health and safety policy and psychosocial risks in Europe: the role of stakeholders' perceptions.. Health Policy 2011 Jun;101(1):87-94.
    doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2010.08.005pubmed: 20832135google scholar: lookup
  81. Legg KA, Cochrane DJ, Bolwell CF, Gee EK, Rogers CW. Incidence and risk factors for race-day jockey falls over fourteen years.. J Sci Med Sport 2020 Dec;23(12):1154-1160.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.05.015pubmed: 32499152google scholar: lookup
  82. Peterson M., Sanderson W., Kussainov N., Hobbs S.J., Miles P., Scollay M.C., Clayton H.M. Effects of racing surface and turn radius on fatal limb fractures in thoroughbred racehorses. Sustainability. 2021;13:539. doi: 10.3390/su13020539.
    doi: 10.3390/su13020539google scholar: lookup
  83. Hussey AJ, Sibbald SL, Ferrone M, Hergott A, McKelvie R, Faulds C, Roberts Z, Scarffe AD, Meyer MJ, Vollbrecht S, Licskai C. Confronting complexity and supporting transformation through health systems mapping: a case study.. BMC Health Serv Res 2021 Oct 23;21(1):1146.
    doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-07168-8pmc: PMC8540206pubmed: 34688279google scholar: lookup
  84. Simsekler MCE, Ward JR, Clarkson PJ. Evaluation of system mapping approaches in identifying patient safety risks.. Int J Qual Health Care 2018 Apr 1;30(3):227-233.
    doi: 10.1093/intqhc/mzx176pmc: PMC6104811pubmed: 29346654google scholar: lookup
  85. Schu00f6llhorn WI, Peham C, Licka T, Scheidl M. A pattern recognition approach for the quantification of horse and rider interactions.. Equine Vet J Suppl 2006 Aug;(36):400-5.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05576.xpubmed: 17402455google scholar: lookup
  86. Bellew W, Smith BJ, Nau T, Lee K, Reece L, Bauman A. Whole of Systems Approaches to Physical Activity Policy and Practice in Australia: The ASAPa Project Overview and Initial Systems Map.. J Phys Act Health 2020 Jan 1;17(1):68-73.
    doi: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0121pubmed: 31756721google scholar: lookup
  87. van den Akker A, Fabbri A, Alardah DI, Gilmore AB, Rutter H. The use of participatory systems mapping as a research method in the context of non-communicable diseases and risk factors: a scoping review.. Health Res Policy Syst 2023 Jul 6;21(1):69.
    doi: 10.1186/s12961-023-01020-7pmc: PMC10327378pubmed: 37415182google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 0 times.

Secure Payments

PayPal Visa Mastercard American Express

Satisfaction Guarantee

We offer a 60-day guarantee to ensure you are completely satisfied.

Fast & Free Shipping

We provide fast and free shipping on all orders over $40.

Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists