Journal of equine veterinary science.
Publisher:
William E. Jones,. New York : Elsevier (2003)
Frequency: Monthly
Country: United States
Language: English
Start Year:1981 -
ISSN:
0737-0806 (Print)
0737-0806 (Linking)
0737-0806 (Linking)
Impact Factor
1.3
2022
| NLM ID: | 8216840 |
| (DNLM): | J20290000(s) |
| (OCoLC): | 07643410 |
| Classification: | W1 JO644CD |
Pocket-Sized Ultrasound Versus Traditional Ultrasound Images in Equine Imaging: A Pictorial Essay. This pictorial essay aims to display the image quality of pocket-sized ultrasound devices and hospital-based equipment to provide clinicians visual information about the potential uses of point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) in equine practice. Twenty-two paired images were obtained using traditional ultrasound equipment and pocket-sized ultrasound devices from patients evaluated at veterinary teaching hospitals. Images of many common ultrasound windows and miscellaneous sonographic abnormalities were obtained using pocket-sized ultrasound equipment.
Effects of Cannabidiol on the In Vitro Lymphocyte Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production of Senior Horses. Cannabis sativa L. contains cannabidiol (CBD), a compound that has many anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, 99.9% CBD powder was used to determine its in vitro efficacy as an anti-inflammatory agent. Heparinized blood was collected via jugular venipuncture from senior horses. PBMCs were isolated then incubated for 24 hours with increasing dilutions of CBD dissolved in DMSO. PBMCs were stimulated the last 4 hours of incubation with PMA/IO and Brefeldin A. A Vicell counter was used to evaluate viability after incubation. PBMCs were stained intracellularly for IFNγ and TNFα then analyz...
Renal Resistive Index as A Potential Indicator of Acute Kidney Injury in Horses. Reliable and simple tests are constantly being sought to enable the quick detection of acute kidney injury in humans and animals. Diagnosis of subclinical AKI in horses, mainly in field practice, is difficult. An ultrasound scan is a routine test performed when kidney disease is suspected. The aim of the study was to establish the value of the renal resistive index (RRI) in intrarenal arteries in horses with clinical AKI and compare it to that of healthy horses. The second goal was to determine whether potentially nephrotoxic agents can influence RRI. The kidney ultrasonography examination was...
Development of An Anybody Musculoskeletal Model of The Thoroughbred Forelimb. Musculoskeletal injuries in horses are the main cause of retirement, rest, and death. To understand these injuries, it is necessary to study loads in muscles, tendons and ligaments. A musculoskeletal model makes it possible to consider all structures simultaneously and avoids invasive measurements. At present, most computational models of the equine limb described in the literature have been limited to the distal limb. The aim of this study was to create a preliminary musculoskeletal model of the whole equine forelimb and to run it with kinematic data collected during gait. The model was devel...
Construction and Application of an In-House Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) Database Specific to Bacteria From Horses. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is used for identification of bacterial species isolated from horses. However, because of insufficiencies in the reference database, some bacterial species isolated from horses are difficult to identify with MALDI-TOF MS, and enriching the databases is expected to enhance the accuracy of MALDI-TOF MS identification. Here we created an in-house database including 271 bacterial isolates from horses. Furthermore, we used an enhanced database (our in-house database plus a commercially provided database) to ...
Forage Characteristics and Grazing Preference of Cover Crops in Equine Pasture Systems. Cover crops are commonly used to provide environmental benefits and can extend the grazing season, but have not been explored in horse pastures. The objectives of this research were to evaluate forage mass, forage nutrient composition, and preference of annual ryegrass, winter rye, berseem clover, purple top turnip, and daikon radish under horse grazing. Cover crops were seeded in monoculture and mixtures in August 2018 and 2019 as a randomized complete block with four replicates and grazed by four adult horses. Prior to grazing, forages were sampled to determine herbage and root mass and nutr...
Decreased Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies Against Equine Herpesvirus type 1 In Nasal Secretions of Horses After 12-hour Transportation. This study evaluated the effects of 12-hour transportation on immune responses to equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) and type 4 (EHV-4). Possible replication of EHV-1 and EHV-4 was monitored by real-time PCR of nasal swabs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and changes in systemic and mucosal antibodies were investigated. Six healthy Thoroughbreds with transport experience were transported in commercial trucks, repeating the same three-hour route four times. Blood samples for cortisol measurement were taken before departure and every three hours. Nasal swabs, PBMCs, nasal wash and ...
Effect of Aerosolised Salbutamol Administration on Arterial Potassium Concentration in Anaesthetised Horses. Aerosolized salbutamol has been associated with hypokalemia in horses undergoing colic surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerosolized salbutamol on arterial potassium concentration ([K +]) in healthy anaesthetized horses undergoing elective surgery. Anesthetic records were reviewed from healthy adult horses undergoing elective surgery over a 3-year period with two complete sets of arterial electrolyte (sodium [Na +], potassium [K +], chloride [Cl -], calcium [Ca 2+]) concentration measurements. Records were excluded if intra-operative electrolyte supplementation...
In vitro Inhibitory Activity of IgY Antibodies Against Salmonella Ser. Newport Isolated from Horses. Equine salmonellosis is caused by several Salmonella serotypes, including Salmonella Newport, which cause enterocolitis and diarrhea. Treatment usually includes the administration of antibiotics. However, since multidrug-resistant Salmonella is commonly detected, alternative options to control the pathogen are needed. One of these options is the use of specific egg yolk antibodies (IgY) for passive immunotherapy. Thus, the aim of our work was to produce IgY antibodies against an equine S. Newport strain and assess their in vitro inhibitory activity. To this end, laying hens were immunized with...
A Case Series of Five Horses with Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon Lesions in the Carpal Canal. This case series discusses the clinical presentation, ultrasonographic findings, treatment, and outcome of 5 horses with superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) lesions within the carpal canal. The horses' ages ranged from 11-28 years, and presented with an acute, unilateral forelimb lameness which worsened following proximal limb flexion. The presence of a lesion within the SDFT of the carpal canal was accompanied by a mild swelling of the palmar carpal region in most cases. Diagnostic anesthesia of the ulnar nerve, when performed, abolished the lameness. Ultrasound evaluation revealed an in...
Aggrecan, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α profiles in the Articular Cartilage of Miniature Horses with Chondrodysplastic Dwarfism. Dwarfism is a skeletal disorder that causes abnormal growth. In Miniature horses, dwarfism can occur as chondrodysplastic dwarfism, an autosomal recessive disorder associated with five mutations (D1, D2, D3*, D4 and c.6465A > T variant) in the aggrecan (ACAN) gene. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of aggrecan (at the gene and protein level) and specific cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in the articular cartilage of Miniature horses with chondrodysplastic dwarfism (D4/c.6465A > T genotype). Metatarsal bone samples from eight dwarf Miniature horses were collected fo...
Case-Control Study of Risk Factors for Equine Asthma in Texas. Equine asthma is a common condition in horses, for which few host-related risk factors have been identified. The objective of this study was to identify host-related risk factors for the development of equine asthma. A retrospective, case-control study was performed, utilizing horses presented to the Texas A&M University, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital from January 2014 December 2018. Incident cases of mild to severe equine asthma (n = 37), diagnosed clinically with cytologic support of disease were examined. For each case, two control populations were identified, including one tem...
Donkey Industry in China: Current Aspects, Suggestions and Future Challenges. Donkey domestication has been essential to human culture and development and has played an important role in economic and social life in human history. China is one of the largest donkey breeders worldwide; donkey farming for meat, milk and hide production is becoming an important industry in rural China as it provides income to the rural livelihoods of many people. Currently, the donkey industry in China is small and relatively young, but it is growing fast. The industry is not adequately exploited economically, which means that it requires the diminution of its role in the traditional activi...
Evaluation of Villus Synovium From Unaffected Metacarpophalangeal Joints of Adult and Juvenile Horses. Horses are a widely accepted model for osteoarthritis (OA) research. Synovial tissue sampling is commonly used in studies to evaluate and grade the progress of OA or to assess treatment effects. Synovial explants play an important role in ex-vivo studies, increasingly replacing the use of living animals. To understand histomorphological changes in the process of joint-related diseases such as OA, detailed information about histomorphometric parameters of unaffected synovial villi is necessary. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the mean width of the intimal synovial lining and ...
Gigantic Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mixed With Fibrosarcoma in a Mare: Clinical, Laboratory, Ultrasonography and Histopathology Findings. Ocular neoplasms represent 10% of all equine neoplasms and ocular squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common one. This report describes the clinical presentation, laboratory, ultrasonography, postmortem, histopathology and immunohistochemistry findings of a mixed ocular neoplasm in a 10-year-old draft mare. The mare had a one-year history of left ocular mass. Complete destruction of the left eye with loss of vision was observed. A large ulcerated mass oozing blood replaced the left eye. Left parotid lymph node was swollen and had a sinus tract discharging pus. Ultrasonography revealed a...
Retrospective analysis of horses with ultrasound evaluation of the sacroiliac region and response to local corticosteroid injection: 42 cases. Local injection of corticosteroids is commonly performed in horses with sacroiliac (SI) region pain and/or dysfunction, ,and ultrasound findings of normal horses and those with SI pain have also been well described. However, no studies have been performed that have evaluated if ultrasound findings, injection technique, or medications injected affect prognosis for return to function. The objectives of the current study are to determine if findings on ultrasound, injection technique, or medications injected are predictive of return to function in horses with SI region pain and/or dysfunction. Me...
Plasma Activin A and Decorin in Exercised Purebred Arabian Horses – Preliminary Study. Development of the musculoskeletal system occurs, in part, through an impact on regulatory proteins, such as activin A and decorin. Activin A induces atrophic effects on skeletal muscle, and decorin regulates the formation of connective tissue proteins like collagen and elastin in tendons and ligaments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different intensities of exercise on blood plasma activin A and decorin concentrations in horses. Ten young purebred Arabian horses were subjected to routine training sessions on a racetrack, and another 11 adult horses of the same breed pa...
Electrolytes and pH of Mammary Gland Secretions Assessments to Detect Impending Parturition and Associations With Placental and Neonate Features in Donkeys. The objectives of this study were to determine (i) the usefulness of serial assessment of mammary gland electrolytes concentrations and correspondent pH to detect impending parturition in jennies; and (ii2) the associations between mammary gland secretions, and gestation length, foal sex, maternal, placental, and foal birth weights. Multiparous jennies (n = 37) were monitored daily from 350 to 355 days of gestation until parturition. The pH of mammary gland secretions was assessed daily with a hand-held device. Aliquots of mammary secretions were frozen daily and then retrospectively assesse...
Air Speed to Increase Rate of Cool Out for Horses After Intense Exercise. Cooling out horses is a common practice after intense exercise. Typical cooling procedures include both walking and drenching (often with scraping). The cool out is performed to ensure the horses physiologic responses returned to a baseline range as quickly as possible. The use of water in cool out provides the greatest potential for removing heat from the animals. However, adding air velocities that can increase evaporation rates from the horses can potentially increase the rate of cool out; thereby reducing the time until the horses' physiologic measurements return to baseline. This study me...
Outcomes Following Transcorneal Diode Laser Ablation of Uveal Cysts: 48 Horses (2006-2020). Uveal cysts can lead to undesirable behaviors and poor performance in horses. Transcorneal laser ablation has been proposed as a safe and effective treatment for uveal cysts suspected of causing behavioral changes but outcomes have been reported in only a small number of horses. In this retrospective study, records were identified for horses who had undergone transcorneal cyst ablation using a diode laser. Information was collected regarding signalment, behavioral or performance issues reported prior to the procedure, and complications. Owners were contacted to provide follow-up information re...
Evaluation of the Bactericidal Effect of Nebulized Silver Nanoparticles on Common Respiratory Bacteria in Horses- In Vitro Studies. Antimicrobial resistance is increasing in both human and veterinary medicine. Bacteria can be part of the etiology of respiratory disorders in horses. Bactericidal activity of silver has been largely described and silver is currently used in veterinary therapeutic applications such as wound dressings. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro bactericidal effects of nebulized silver nanoparticles (AgNP) on 2 common equine respiratory bacteria, Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus and Actinobacillus equuli subsp. equuli. Firstly, antimicrobial susceptibility of AgNP was determined ove...
The Immediate Effect of Routine Hoof Trimming and Shoeing on Horses’ Gait. Evaluation of the effect of changes in the horses' feet after routine trimming and shoeing on gait at the trot is needed improve routine foot care. Evaluate changes in foot conformation and gait after routine farriery. Correlate alterations in a horse's gait before and after routine hoof trimming and shoe application. Fifteen horses received routine hoof trimming and horseshoe application. Dorsal and lateral photographs of the right and left front feet and inertial gait analysis at the trot were completed before and after trimming and shoeing. Measurements were made of hoof photos using a cali...
A Fast PCR Test for the Simultaneous Identification of Species and Gender in Horses, Donkeys, Mules and Hinnies. Having considered that the current methods are costly and time-consuming, we designed an only 3 pairs primer-based PCR test to accurately identify the species and gender in horses, donkeys, mules and hinnies. Through a thorough sequence comparison between horse and donkey's highly similar genomes, and a vast amount of preliminary confirmation, we found that three fragments, CNGB3 gene on an autosome, displacement loop region on mitochondrial DNA and SRY genes on chromosome Y, within these equine DNA, are enough to enable us achieving our goal. The PCR test described here would be an economical...
Gastric and Large Colon Impactions Combined With Aggressive Enteral Fluid Therapy May Predispose to Large Colon Volvulus: 4 Cases. To resolve large colon impactions, frequent enteral administration of large volumes of water (8-10 liters in a 500 kg horse) has been suggested. Furthermore, in large colon volvulus, the simultaneous presence of gastric impaction has been described as a possible predisposing factor. To describe the clinical and surgical features of horses with large colon volvulus associated with aggressive enteral fluid therapy performed to resolve an initial large colon impaction. Records of horses that underwent exploratory laparotomy at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Turin between 2012-2019 were revie...
Footedness and Postural Asymmetry in Amateur Dressage Riders, Riding in Medium Trot on a Dressage Simulator. This study explored the relationship between footedness and postural asymmetry in equestrian riders. 28 female riders completed the Waterloo Footedness Questionnaire- Revised (WFQ-R), giving a score for footedness. They then took part in a test on a riding simulator where measures of saddle force, stirrup force, and degree of lateral tilt of the pelvic, trunk, and shoulder segments were taken over a period of 20 seconds in trot. Symmetry indices were calculated for stirrup force and saddle force. There were no significant correlations between WFQ-R score and any of the measures of postural sym...
Antibacterial Activities of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DQB-1 Isolated From the Cecum of Dezhou Donkeys. The microorganisms in the cecum of donkeys share similar functions as those in the rumen of cattle. Transformation of the cecal microenvironment by probiotics plays an important role in the health and growth of donkeys. In order to screen out excellent donkey probiotic preparations, in this study, we isolated an antibacterial strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (designated as DQB-1) from the cecum of Dezhou donkey. The strain was assessed in terms of antibacterial activity, antibacterial substance analysis, and stability. The results show that, the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DQB-1 exhibited p...
Feed Concentrate Palatability in Welsh Ponies: Acceptance and Preference of Flavors. In horses, it is well established that nutrients and the palatability of feed material (odor and taste) play an important role in diet selection. For example, high-fiber feed taste is not well accepted by horses. Consequently, manufacturers have begun to supplement horse feed with flavors to mask feed bitterness, to overcome feed neophobia and to encourage water drinking. However, only few studies have been performed to evaluate the acceptance and preference of flavors in horses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptance and preference of flavors supplemented on top of concentrate o...
Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein Functions as a Dual Regulator of Neutrophil Activity in Horses. Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is an abundant plasma protein that has been identified in most mammals. We first identified whole genome sequence of equine HRG (eHRG) and succeeded to purify eHRG from plasma of horses. Since HRG interacts with various ligands, this protein is thought to be involved in immune response, coagulation, and angiogenesis. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is characterized as a non-specific, clinical, pro-inflammatory immune response that damage organs and tissues in the host. Recent reports revealed that blood HRG levels in human patients with SIRS are...
Equine Antebrachial Compartment Syndrome Secondary to Flexor Muscle Myopathy With Subsequent Muscle Atrophy And Tendonitis: A Case Report. This case report describes a 16-year-old jumping stallion that had a marked swelling over the left antebrachial area along with substantial lameness after a fall. The horse was weight bearing but lame (4/5; AAEP scale) at the walk with marked enlargement in the caudal aspect of the antebrachial region. After a static musculoskeletal examination, radiography and ultrasonography the horse was diagnosed with flexor muscle myopathy and presumptive extremity compartment syndrome. Following medical treatment, the horse improved clinically over several days. Six-months post injury the horse showed fl...