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Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.
Publisher:
Blackwell Science,. New York, NY : Elsevier (2017)
Frequency: Six no. a year, 2005-
Country: United States
Language: English
Author(s):
Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists., American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologists., European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia.
Start Year:2000 -
ISSN:
1467-2987 (Print)
1467-2995 (Electronic)
1467-2987 (Linking)
1467-2995 (Electronic)
1467-2987 (Linking)
Impact Factor
1.7
2022
| NLM ID: | 100956422 |
| (OCoLC): | 44082807 |
| Classification: | W1 JO97K |
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and antinociceptive effects of buprenorphine following transdermal administration to horses. This study describes the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, including antinociceptive effects, of a transdermal buprenorphine solution in horses. It was hypothesized that transdermal application would lead to sustained blood concentrations and antinociceptive effects with fewer adverse effects compared with intravenous (IV) injection. Methods: Prospective nonrandomized four-part parallel experimental study. Methods: A group of eight horses (three mares and five geldings) aged 6-12 years. Methods: Horses were administered incremental doses of 15, 30 and 45 μg kg of buprenorphine transderma...
The analgesic effects of magnesium in veterinary patients: a qualitative evidence synthesis. To perform a qualitative evaluation of the analgesic effects of magnesium in domestic animals, including its anaesthetic sparing effects. Methods: All database searches were made using PubMed and Google Scholar. Studies published after 1990, evaluating the use of magnesium and reporting information on analgesia, in dogs, cats, horses, cows, goats and sheep were selected (last search in August 2023). A reference check in the selected papers was performed to identify any study which was omitted. The CERQual (Confidence in Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research) approach was used to assess...
Effect of constant rate infusion of detomidine with and without vatinoxan on blood glucose and insulin concentrations in horses. To assess the effects of an α-adrenoceptor agonist (detomidine) constant rate infusion (CRI) with and without an α-adrenoceptor antagonist (vatinoxan) CRI on blood insulin and glucose concentrations, heart rate, intestinal borborygmi, and sedation during and after infusion in horses. Methods: Randomized, blinded, crossover, experimental study. Methods: A total of nine healthy, adult Finnhorse mares. Methods: Horses were treated with an intravenous (IV) detomidine loading dose (0.01 mg kg), followed by CRI (0.015 mg kg hour), and the same doses of detomidine combined with an IV vatinoxan load...
The influence of hypoxaemia, hypotension and hypercapnia (among other factors) on quality of recovery from general anaesthesia in horses. To investigate the effect of hypoxaemia, hypotension and hypercapnia, among others, on quality of recovery from general anaesthesia in horses. Methods: Retrospective, single-centre study. Methods: A sample of 1226 horses that underwent general anaesthesia between June 2017 and June 2021. Methods: Horses and ponies weighing > 200 kg, aged > 6 months, anaesthetized using a xylazine- or medetomidine-isoflurane balanced anaesthesia protocol and presenting a complete anaesthetic record were included. Data were extracted from the clinic record system and from the original anaesthesia records. ...
A comparison of rectal versus fetlock temperatures in dorsally recumbent horses during general anesthesia. To investigate the effect of isoflurane anesthesia on thermoregulation and peripheral heat loss in dorsally recumbent horses. Methods: Prospective, clinical study. Methods: Seven adult horses (2.6 ± 1.5 years old, 455 ± 70.2 kg). Methods: Horses underwent elective surgical procedures in dorsal recumbency under general anesthesia (GA) maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Rectal (TR), intranasal (TN) and fetlock surface temperatures (TF) were measured every 10 minutes for the first 80 minutes following induction of GA. Room temperature (TRO) was monitored during the study. Statistical analysi...
Evaluation of the agreement between lingual and thoracic limb noninvasive blood pressure with invasive blood pressure measurements in anaesthetized horses. To evaluate the agreement between noninvasive arterial blood pressure (NIBP) measured from the tongue and thoracic limb with invasive blood pressure (IBP), and to compare NIBP measured from the tongue and thoracic limb in anaesthetized horses. Methods: Prospective clinical study. Methods: A group of eight client-owned healthy horses anaesthetized for scheduled procedures, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification I-II, weighing (mean ± standard deviation) 498 ± 91 kg and aged 7.8 ± 6.75 years. Methods: Animals were premedicated with intravenous (IV) romifidine (0.04-0.08 mg kg-1)...
Effect of end-inspiratory pause on airway and physiological dead space in anesthetized horses. To evaluate the impact of a 30% end-inspiratory pause (EIP) on alveolar tidal volume (V), airway (V) and physiological (V) dead spaces in mechanically ventilated horses using volumetric capnography, and to evaluate the effect of EIP on carbon dioxide (CO) elimination per breath (Vcobr), PaCO and the ratio of PaO-to-fractional inspired oxygen (PaO:FiO). Methods: Prospective research study. Methods: A group of eight healthy research horses undergoing laparotomy. Methods: Anesthetized horses were mechanically ventilated as follows: 6 breaths minute, tidal volume (V) 13 mL kg, inspiratory-to-expir...
Antinociceptive effects of bupivacaine injected within the internal abdominis rectus sheath in standing healthy horses. To evaluate a regional anesthetic technique for blocking the abdominal midline in horses. Methods: Anatomical description and prospective, crossover, placebo-controlled, blinded study. Methods: Adult horses; two cadavers, six healthy animals. Methods: In stage 1, 0.5% methylene blue with 0.25% bupivacaine (0.5 mL kg) was injected using ultrasonography into the internal rectus abdominis sheath (RAS) of two cadavers with a one-point or two-point technique. The dye spread was described after the dissection of the abdomens. In stage 2, each horse was injected with 1 mL kg of 0.9% NaCl (treatment P...
Arterial blood gas tensions during recovery in horses anesthetized with apneustic anesthesia ventilation compared with conventional mechanical ventilation. To compare PaO2 and PaCO2 in horses recovering from general anesthesia maintained with either apneustic anesthesia ventilation (AAV) or conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV). Methods: Randomized, crossover design. Methods: A total of 10 healthy adult horses from a university-owned herd. Methods: Dorsally recumbent horses were anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen [inspired oxygen fraction = 0.3 initially, with subsequent titration to maintain PaO2 ≥ 85 mmHg (11.3 kPa)] and ventilated with AAV or CMV according to predefined criteria [10 mL kg-1 tidal volume, PaCO2 40-45 mmHg (5.3-6.0 kP...
Risk of anesthesia-related complications in draft horses: a retrospective, single-center analysis. To report anesthetic-related complications and determine risks associated with anesthesia in draft horses. Methods: Retrospective study. Methods: A total of 401 anesthetic records for draft horse breeds that underwent general anesthesia from January 2010 through December 2020 were reviewed; horses euthanized during general anesthesia were excluded. Methods: Demographics, perioperative drugs used, procedure type and duration, time to extubation, number of attempts to stand, use of sling in recovery and perioperative morbidity and mortality were investigated. Morbidity and mortality statistical ...
Preliminary evaluation of the effects of a 1:1 inspiratory-to-expiratory ratio in anesthetized and ventilated horses. To describe some cardiorespiratory effects of an inspiratory-to-expiratory (IE) ratio of 1:1 compared with 1:3 in ventilated horses in dorsal recumbency. Methods: Randomized crossover experimental study. Methods: A total of eight anesthetized horses, with 444 (330-485) kg body weight [median (range)]. Methods: Horses were ventilated in dorsal recumbency with a tidal volume of 15 mL kg and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths minute, and IE ratios of 1:1 (IE1:1) and 1:3 (IE1:3) in random order, each for 25 minutes after applying a recruitment maneuver. Spirometry, arterial blood gases and dobutamine...
Characterization of the pharmacokinetics, behavioral effects and effects on thermal nociception of morphine 6-glucuronide and morphine 3-glucuronide in horses. To describe the pharmacokinetics, behavioral and physiologic effects and effects on thermal thresholds of morphine, morphine 6-glucuronide (M6G) and morphine 3-glucuronide (M3G) following administration to horses. Methods: Randomized balanced crossover study. Methods: A total of seven University-owned horses, five mares and two geldings, aged 3-6 years. Methods: Horses were treated with a single intravenous dosage of saline, morphine (0.2 mg kg), M6G (0.01 mg kg) and M3G (0.03 mg kg). Blood was collected prior to (baseline) and at several times post administration. Drug and metabolite concentr...
Effects of detomidine or romifidine during maintenance and recovery from isoflurane anaesthesia in horses. To evaluate the effects of detomidine or romifidine on cardiovascular function, isoflurane requirements and recovery quality in horses undergoing isoflurane anaesthesia. Methods: Prospective, randomized, blinded, clinical study. Methods: A total of 63 healthy horses undergoing elective surgery during general anaesthesia. Methods: Horses were randomly allocated to three groups of 21 animals each. In group R, horses were given romifidine intravenously (IV) for premedication (80 μg kg), maintenance (40 μg kg hour) and before recovery (20 μg kg). In group D2.5, horses were given detomidine IV f...
Evaluation of the practical clinical use of the Horse Grimace Scale translated into French. To assess the reliability of a French version of the Horse Grimace Scale (HGSfv). Methods: Prospective, randomized, clinical study. Methods: The operated (OP) group included 13 horses undergoing elective surgery. The positive (PC) and negative control (NC) groups included seven colicking horses and eight exercising sport horses, respectively. Methods: Photographs were extracted from videos of the horses' heads. Videos were taken before and immediately after surgery in OP, on arrival of the horse in PC, and at rest in their stalls in NC. Pictures were evaluated by three anaesthetists [Diplomate...
Comparison of hydromorphone and butorphanol for management of pain in equine patients undergoing elective arthroscopy: a randomized clinical trial. To compare the effects of hydromorphone and butorphanol in horses undergoing arthroscopy and describe the pharmacokinetics of hydromorphone in anesthetized horses. Methods: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Methods: A total of 40 adult horses admitted for elective arthroscopy. Methods: Horses were randomly assigned to be administered intravenous hydromorphone (0.04 mg kg-1; group TxH; n = 19) or butorphanol (0.02 mg kg-1; group TxB; n = 21) prior to surgery as part of a standardized anesthetic protocol. Pain was scored by two observers unaware of group assignment using the Equine Utrecht...
Evaluation of lung ventilation distribution using electrical impedance tomography in standing sedated horses with capnoperitoneum. To determine changes in distribution of lung ventilation with increasing intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) from carbon dioxide (CO) insufflation in standing sedated horses. Methods: Prospective experimental study. Methods: A group of six healthy adult horses. Methods: Each horse was sedated with acepromazine, detomidine and butorphanol and sedation maintained with a detomidine infusion. The horse was restrained in a stocks system and a 32 electrode electrical impedance tomography (EIT) belt was wrapped around the thorax at the fifth-sixth intercostal space. EIT images and arterial blood samples f...
An implementation of apneustic anesthesia ventilation in the horse: comparison with conventional mechanical ventilation. To compare the cardiopulmonary effects of apneustic anesthesia ventilation (AAV) and conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) in dorsally recumbent anesthetized horses. Methods: Randomized, crossover design. Methods: A total of 10 healthy adult horses from a university-owned herd. Methods: Following xylazine, midazolam and ketamine administration, horses were orotracheally intubated and positioned in dorsal recumbency. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen [inspired oxygen fraction (FiO) = 0.3 initially, with subsequent titration to maintain PaO ≥ 85 mmHg (11.3 kPa)]. Horses ...
Comparison of cervical epidural morphine with intravenous morphine administration on antinociception in adult horses using thermal threshold testing. To compare the antinociceptive effects of morphine administered via cervical epidural catheter to intravenously administered morphine using a thermal threshold (TT) testing model in healthy adult horses. Methods: Prospective, randomized, blinded experimental study. Methods: A total of six university-owned adult horses. Methods: Horses were instrumented with a cervical (C1-C2) epidural catheter and TT testing device with probes at withers and thoracic limb coronary bands. All horses underwent three TT testing cycles including cervical epidural morphine administration (treatment EpiM; 0.1 mg kg-...
Effects of intravenous ethyl pyruvate on cardiopulmonary variables and quality of recovery from anesthesia in horses. To determine the effects of intravenous ethyl pyruvate, an anti-inflammatory with putative benefits in horses with endotoxemia, on cardiopulmonary variables during anesthesia and the quality of anesthetic recovery. Methods: Randomized, crossover, blinded experimental design. Methods: A total of six healthy Standardbred geldings, aged 13 ± 3 years and weighing 507 ± 66 kg (mean ± standard deviation). Methods: Horses were anesthetized for approximately 90 minutes on two occasions with a minimum of 2 weeks apart using xylazine for sedation, ketamine and diazepam for induction, and isoflurane i...
Retrospective study of the prevalence of factors contributing to successful standing at first attempt in horses recovering from general anesthesia. Several factors affect the quality of recovery from general anesthesia in horses. These can increase the likelihood of injury. Body and limb position during recovery may correlate with successful standing. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of and the factors associated with successful standing at the first attempt in horses undergoing general anesthesia. Methods: Retrospective study. Methods: Video of recovery and anesthetic records from 221 equine patients were reviewed by six veterinary students. Cases with poor video quality or incomplete anesthetic records were exc...
Comparison of single-breath continuous positive airway pressure manoeuvre with inhaled salbutamol to improve oxygenation in horses anaesthetized for laparotomy. To compare the efficacy of single-breath continuous positive airway pressure manoeuvre (CPAP-M) with inhaled salbutamol, and a combination of both. Methods: Randomized, clinical study. Methods: A total of 62 client-owned horses (American Society of Anesthesiologists status III-V) anaesthetized for laparotomy. Methods: Horses were premedicated with intravenous (IV) xylazine (0.4-0.6 mg kg), anaesthesia was induced with midazolam (0.06 mg kg IV) and ketamine (2.2 mg kg IV) and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen using volume-controlled ventilation without positive end-expiratory pressure. If Pa...
Impact of endotracheal tube size and cuff pressure on tracheal and laryngeal mucosa of adult horses. To assess the effects of two sizes of silicone endotracheal tubes with internal diameter 26 mm (ETT) and 30 mm (ETT) inflated to minimum occlusive volume on tracheal and laryngeal mucosa of adult horses anesthetized for 2 hours with isoflurane. Methods: Prospective, randomized, blinded, crossover experimental study. Methods: A total of eight healthy adult mares. Methods: Upper airway endoscopy and ultrasound measurements of internal tracheal diameter were performed the day before anesthesia. Horses were anesthetized and orotracheally intubated with ETT or ETT. Ease of intubation was scored. Th...
Accuracy and trending capability of haemoglobin measurement by noninvasive pulse co-oximetry in anaesthetized horses. To assess the accuracy and trending capability of continuous measurement of haemoglobin concentration [Hb], haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SaO) and oxygen content (CaO) measured by the Masimo Radical-7 pulse co-oximeter in horses undergoing inhalational anaesthesia. Methods: Prospective observational clinical study. Methods: A group of 23 anaesthetized adult horses. Methods: In 23 healthy adult horses undergoing elective surgical procedures, paired measurements of pulse co-oximetry-based haemoglobin concentration (SpHb), SaO (SpO), and CaO (SpOC) and simultaneous arterial blood samples were co...
Demographic, preoperative and anaesthesia-related risk factors for unsatisfactory recovery quality in horses undergoing emergency abdominal surgery. To determine demographic, preoperative and anaesthesia-related variables that may be associated with unsatisfactory recovery quality in horses undergoing emergency abdominal surgery (colic) in an equine teaching hospital. Methods: Retrospective case series. Methods: A total of 313 horses. Methods: The anaesthetic records of horses admitted for surgical treatment of colic between 2005 and 2018 were examined. Overall quality of recovery was assessed as dangerous, poor, fair, good or excellent. The following categories were constructed as a dichotomic variable: unsatisfactory recovery (poor and d...
Effect of different inspired fractions of oxygen on F-shunt and arterial partial pressure of oxygen in isoflurane-anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated Shetland ponies. To determine the effect of fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO) on intrapulmonary shunt fraction as measured by F-shunt in ponies during isoflurane anaesthesia. Methods: Prospective, randomized clinical study. Methods: A group of 23 adult Shetland ponies undergoing a total of 32 anaesthetic procedures. Methods: Ponies were premedicated intravenously (IV) with detomidine (0.01 mg kg) and either morphine (0.1 mg kg) or butorphanol (0.02 mg kg). Anaesthesia was induced with ketamine (2.2 mg kg) and midazolam (0.07 mg kg) administered IV. Ponies were randomly allocated to maintenance of anaesthesia w...
Evaluation of corneal anaesthesia after the application of topical 0.5% bupivacaine, 2% lidocaine and 0.4% oxybuprocaine in normal horses. To compare the corneal anaesthetic effect of 0.5% bupivacaine, 2% lidocaine and 0.4% oxybuprocaine on normal equine eyes. Methods: Prospective, blinded crossover study. Methods: A group of 10 clinically healthy horses. Methods: Corneal sensitivity was determined in each eye by measuring corneal touch threshold (CTT). The study had three phases. Each subject was randomly given one of the three treatments followed by a 72 hour washout period. Every horse received all treatments. Baseline CTT was recorded prior to anaesthetic instillation (T0) then CTT was measured 5 and 10 minutes after (T1 and ...
Evaluation of intramuscular anesthetic protocols in healthy domestic horses. To assess anesthetic induction, recovery quality and cardiopulmonary variables after intramuscular (IM) injection of three drug combinations for immobilization of horses. Methods: Randomized, blinded, three-way crossover prospective design. Methods: A total of eight healthy adult horses weighing 470-575 kg. Methods: Horses were administered three treatments IM separated by ≥1 week. Combinations were tiletamine-zolazepam (1.2 mg kg), ketamine (1 mg kg) and detomidine (0.04 mg kg) (treatment TKD); ketamine (3 mg kg) and detomidine (0.04 mg kg) (treatment KD); and tiletamine-zolazepam (2.4 mg ...
