Omneity® Pellets
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Topic:Animal Health
Animal Health encompasses a broad range of topics focused on maintaining and improving the well-being of equine species. This field addresses various aspects of horse care, including disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of health conditions. Key areas of interest include equine nutrition, vaccination protocols, parasite control, dental care, and the management of chronic conditions such as laminitis and colic. Additionally, animal health research in horses investigates the impact of exercise and training on physical health, the role of genetics in disease susceptibility, and the development of new therapeutic approaches. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the latest advancements, challenges, and best practices in preserving and enhancing the health of horses.
[Post-epizootic activity of Western equine encephalitis virus in Argentina]. It is shown here the WEE virus activity in ARgentina in 1983-1986 post-epizootic period. A surveillance system was established by the equine case notification and the sentinel animal method. Among the thirteen equine focus notified between September 1983-September 1985 in Córdoba and Santa Fe Provinces, 5 presumptive cases out of 16 sick horses were confirmed by the hemagglutination inhibition test for WEE epizootic virus. Twenty eight notified human cases were studied with negative results. The neutralizing antibody (Ac NT) prevalence among sentinel horses in Córdoba Province (4%) was lower...
Placentas and foetal health. The placenta provides many critical services to the developing foetus. Proper placental implantation, growth and function are necessary for normal foetal growth and development. Placental structure varies widely among species but all mammalian placentas have a convoluted materno-foetal interface that may be quite simple or highly complex; the more complicated interdigitations tend to characterise smaller placentas that have limited areas of contact between the placenta and the endometrium. The intimacy of the contact between maternal and foetal tissue varies from apposition only, as in the equ...
Neurologic evaluation of the equine head and neurogenic dysphagia. Neurologic evaluation should be performed in horses with diseases of the head. Although neurologic examination should focus on assessing behavior, mental status, and cranial nerve evaluation, evaluation of neurologic function of other body regions should be performed. Neurologic evaluation of the head can be performed expediently by practitioners to provide useful diagnostic and prognostic information. The numerous causes of dysphagia can be classified as obstructive, painful, or neurogenic. Common causes of neurogenic dysphagia are summarized, and methods for initial diagnosis and management ...
Two fatal cases of diarrhoea in horses associated with larvae of the small strongyles. Detailed pathological examinations of two horses with subacute fatal diarrhoea suggested an association between the diarrhoea and damage to the colonic and caecal mucosae caused by large numbers of cyathostome larvae (larval cyathostomiasis). The affected animals deteriorated rapidly, and died after a short illness.
The surgical correction of a deviated anterior maxilla in a horse. The surgical correction of facial deformities of the horse have rarely been undertaken. The surgical and medical management of submucous clefting of the anterior maxilla in a young colt is described.
Pharmacokinetic disposition of intravenous and oral pentoxifylline in horses. The pharmacokinetics of pentoxifylline (P) and its alcohol metabolite I (MI) were determined after administration of intravenous pentoxifylline, sustained release pentoxifylline tablets (Trental), and crushed pentoxifylline tablets in corn syrup, to five healthy adult horses. Pharmacokinetics were evaluated in a model-independent manner. After intravenous administration, pentoxifylline was rapidly eliminated (mean residence time 1.09 +/- 0.67 h), had a large steady-state volume of distribution (2.81 +/- 1.16 l/kg), and high clearance (3.06 +/- 1.05 l/kg/h). Oral absorption of pentoxifylline fr...
Factors associated with the risk of developing sarcoid tumours in horses. A retrospective case-control study was conducted to identify risk factors in horses associated with the development of the common skin tumours known as sarcoids. The study involved 503 sarcoid cases diagnosed (January 1980-December 1989) at New York State College of Veterinary Medicine and a similar number of controls (non-sarcoid cases). Data on age, breed and sex of cases and controls were obtained from computerised records. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors. Separate data were obtained for the same 10-year period from the Veterinary Medical Data Program...
Column separation of motile sperm from stallion semen. Subfertility in stallions is common, and methodologies are needed to increase the fertility in these animals. In other species, removal of the dead sperm from semen increases the quality and fertility of semen. With horse semen we evaluated 48 combinations of column separation techniques using micro-spin chromatography columns. The greatest improvement in motility was observed with glass wool, whereas glass beads exhibited the greatest recovery of motile sperm. Although centrifugation time did not influence recovery rate or percent motility, a column length of 2 cm was superior for recovery of...
Muscle characteristics in standardbreds of different ages and sexes. Biopsy samples were taken from the middle gluteal muscle in 107 health Standardbred horses. The horses were separated according to sex and divided into 4 age groups (1, 2, 3 and 4-6 years). The proportion of Type I fibres increased with age (from 16 to 20%), irrespective of sex. The proportions of Type IIA and IIB fibres varied with age and differed between stallions and mares. Type IIA fibres increased in mares from 37 to 47% and in stallions from 40 to 48% and Type IIB fibres decreased from 49 to 34% in mares, and from 43 to 30% in stallions. Mares and stallions did not differ in enzyme acti...
[The laterocranial fascia structures in the upper and forearm and the differences in the insertion of the M. biceps brachii in domestic mammals]. The laterocranial fascia of the upper arm and forearm, as well as aponeurotic relationships of the Musculus biceps brachii were investigated on each of ten forelimbs from horses, cattle and swine. Ten canine biceps were also investigated. Equine and bovine fascia contain elastic components. An as-yet undescribed ligament-like aponeuroses of the laterocranial forearm fascia to the Fossa radialis humeri was seen in all three species studied. The laterocranial fascia of the upper and forearm form a common passage for the Musculi brachialis et extensor carpi radialis. In the case of the horse, the...
Flunixin meglumine blocks frusemide-induced bronchodilation in horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Six horses that developed acute airway obstruction (heaves) when housed in a barn and fed poor-quality hay were studied. Airway obstruction was verified by a maximal change in pleural pressure during tidal breathing (delta Pplmax) of at least 15 cmH2O. Frusemide (1.0 mg/kg bwt) or an equivalent volume of vehicle was then administered intravenously (iv) and lung function was measured 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 mins after drug administration. The effect of frusemide on lung function was also studied after treatment of horses with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg ...
Molecular organization of the plasma membrane in the post-acrosomal region of some farm animals. According to the distribution of IMP, three different regions can be recognized on PF of the post-acrosomal plasma membrane of bull, ram, and boar spermatozoa. They are: (1) a region with linear aggregation of IMP, (2) a region with fewer and scattered IMP, and (3) a region with more numerous IMP. In the last two regions IMPs are randomly distributed or a clustering of certain particles is visible. In stallion spermatozoa the last two areas are undistinguishable. There are evident interspecies differences in the arrangement of linear aggregations of IMP which are characteristic for each specie...
The reappearance of eggs in faeces of horses after treatment with ivermectin. The reappearance of nematode eggs in faeces after ivermectin treatment was studied in 104 horses on 10 farms during the stabling period. Faecal samples were taken at weekly intervals. Sampling was discontinued when the mean egg output per farm was > 10% of the pre-treatment egg output. This point was reached after 63 days, when the mean output of eggs had decreased to 70.3%. Before treatment, 95.9% of the cultured larvae were of the cyathostome type, the others belonged to Gyalocephalus capitatus, Strongylus vulgaris, S. edentatus, Oesophagodontus/Poteriostomum spp., Triodontophorus spp. an...
Histologic and immunohistochemical studies of granular cell tumors in seven dogs, three cats, one horse, and one bird. In a retrospective study, granular cell tumors in six dogs (Nos. 1-6), three cats (Nos. 1-3), one horse (No. 1), and one cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) (No. 1) and a meningioma with a granular cell component in one dog (No. 7) were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. These tumors were identified by histologic examination of surgical biopsy specimens, except in the horse, in which the tumor was an incidental finding at necropsy. These diagnoses were initially made by more than one pathologist. Five of the six granular cell tumors in the dogs were in the oral cavity; one of the...
Clearance of infused triglyceride by resting horses. 1. Clearance of infused lipid was observed in six mature resting horses, 2 to 6 hr after receiving a meal of alfalfa hay. 2. Intralipid, a 10% triglyceride emulsion, was infused at a rate of 0.2 ml/kg into the jugular vein. 3. Blood samples were obtained for 80 min post-infusion and assayed for plasma triglyceride concentration. 4. Clearance rate of the infused lipid was very slow (mean t1/2 = 269 min). 5. The clearance rate of the infused lipid in these horses was much slower than has been observed in other species. 6. The slow clearance of infused triglyceride in horses may suggest an inabil...
Chronic selenosis in horses fed locally produced alfalfa hay. Chronic selenosis (alkali disease) was diagnosed in horses of western Iowa, a region associated with marginal to adequate soil selenium. Two locally produced alfalfa hays (Medicago sativa L) were identified as the primary source. Difficulty in selecting diagnostic specimens to evaluate potential chronic selenosis cases is complicated by the wide range of tissue concentrations reported in previous cases, conflicting correlation of sample selenium concentrations in the literature, and different recommendations on specimen selection and diagnostic value. These problems arise form the similarity i...
Effect of hypercapnia on the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine in horses anesthetized with guaifenesin, thiamylal sodium, and halothane. The effect of hypercapnia on the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine (ADE) was investigated in 14 horses. Anesthesia was induced with guaifenesin and thiamylal sodium and was maintained at an endtidal halothane concentration between 0.86 and 0.92%. Base-apex ECG, cardiac output, and facial artery blood pressure were measured and recorded. The ADE was determined at normocapnia (arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide [PaCO2] = 35 to 45 mm of Hg), at hypercapnia (PaCO2 = 70 to 80 mm of Hg), and after return to normocapnia. Epinephrine was infused at arithmetically spaced increasing rates (ini...
