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Topic:Animal Health
Animal Health encompasses a broad range of topics focused on maintaining and improving the well-being of equine species. This field addresses various aspects of horse care, including disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of health conditions. Key areas of interest include equine nutrition, vaccination protocols, parasite control, dental care, and the management of chronic conditions such as laminitis and colic. Additionally, animal health research in horses investigates the impact of exercise and training on physical health, the role of genetics in disease susceptibility, and the development of new therapeutic approaches. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the latest advancements, challenges, and best practices in preserving and enhancing the health of horses.
A negative serological relationship between cases of grass sickness in Scotland and Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin. In an attempt to compare the equine grass sickness as reported in Europe with that described in the Republic of Colombia, sera from horses experiencing grass sickness in Scotland were used in neutralisation tests with Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin. The sera, from acute and chronic cases of the disease, failed to neutralise either crude or partially-purified enterotoxin. Neither were precipitin lines formed when the sera were treated against the toxin in immunoelectrophoresis. These results suggest that grass sickness in Europe and the equine disease in Colombia have a different ae...
Carcinogenicity of dichlorvos. Dichlorvos, 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, an organophosphate insecticide, is widely used for the control of agricultural, industrial, and domestic pests (Fig. 1) [1]. Dichlorvos is administered orally as an anthelmintic to swine, horses, cats, and dogs. It is applied by dermal application to cattle, goats, sheep, swine, and chickens to control fleas, flies, and mites. Cucumbers, radishes, lettuce, and tomatoes are treated with dichlorvos in greenhouses. Aerosols and strips are used for the control of ants, bedbugs, ticks, cockroaches, flies, mosquitoes, silverfish, spiders, and wasps. ...
Regional pulmonary perfusion in horses: a comparison between anaesthetised and conscious standing animals. The regional perfusion to the lungs of 14 ponies was studied using radioactively labelled microspheres injected intravenously. It was found that within half an hour of induction of anaesthesia the perfusion to the dependent lung had decreased significantly from the values in the standing animal. When anaesthesia was maintained for more than two and a half hours, however, the lung perfusions were not significantly different from the standing values when the animals were lying in lateral or supine recumbency.
The metabolism of promazine and acetylpromazine in the horse. Promazine hydrochloride and acetylpromazine maleate were administered intravenously at clinical dose levels to horses. In urine from horses given promazine hydrochloride, the parent drug and four metabolites were detected. The two major metabolites, present as conjugates were identified after hydrolysis by beta-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase as 3-hydroxypromazine and 3-hydroxydesmonomethyl-promazine. Conjugated 3-hydroxypromazine has been previously identified as a major metabolite in the horse. Two minor metabolites isolated in this study were primaizine N-oxide and promazine N-oxide sulfoxide. ...
Distribution of ribonucleic acid coliphages in animals. To determine the distribution pattern of ribonucleic acid (RNA) coliphages (classified by serological groups I through IV) in animal sources, we isolated RNA phages from (i) feces samples from domestic animals (cows, pigs, horses, and fowls), some other animals in a zoological garden, and humans, (ii) the gastrointestinal contents of cows and pigs, and (iii) sewage samples from treatment plants in slaughter houses. These samples were then analyzed serologically. The concentration of RNA phages in the first and second kinds of material was fairly low (10 to 10(3) plaque-forming units per origin...
Lymphocyte transformation test in veterinary clinical immunology. Lymphocyte transformation test is a powerful tool in laboratory testing of immunologic competence of animals. The impaired function of the lymphocytes or presence of mitogenesis suppressing factors in the patient serum were detected by comparing lymphocyte transformation (expressed as thymidine incorporation) obtained in media containing either autologous, homologous, or fetal calf serum additions. Most valuable results were obtained by using at least two, preferably three, different phytomitogens: concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) at optimal concentr...
A critical efficacy test of cambendazole in equids: the use of the geometric means to assess efficacy. The anthelmintic efficacy of a 44.5% paste formulation of cambendazole was evaluated in a critical trial performed on 5 horses and a donkey. A dosage of 20 mg/kg showed reduction of mean parasite burdens as follows: Strongylinae greater than 99%; Cyathostominae 94%; immature and adult Oxyuris equi 89 and greater than 99%; Probstmayria vivipara greater than 99% and Habronema muscae 97%. Parascaris equorum and Anoplocephala perfoliata were present in small numbers in individual animals only, and while all were removed by treatment, the small numbers did not justify calculation of a percentage ef...
Anthelmintic efficiency of fenbendazole in equines. A single oral dose of fenbendazole (FBZ) at 10mg/kg body mass was given to 5 donkeys. A further 5 donkeys were dosed with a medicated lick (1 mg FBZ/g lick) until the oral consumption was 10mg/kg body mass. In both trials FBZ was highly effective against adults of the following genera: Cyathostomum, Cylicocyelus, Cylicostephanus, Cylicodontophorus, Poteriostomum, Cabellonema, Craterostomum and Triodontophorus; similarly high efficiency was obtained against the following species: Habronema majus, Habronema musca, Strongylus vulgaris and Oxyuris equi and worms identified as belonging to the subf...
Lymphocyte responses to virus and mitogen in ponies during experimental infection with equine herpesvirus 1. Six pony foals, experimentally infected with equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), were studied for their lymphocyte responses to EHV-1 and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulations. Lymphocyte blastic transformation in the presence of EHV-1 appeared as early as 2 days after the foals were inoculated, reached a peak in 7 to 10 days, and subsequently decreased. In contrast, the lymphocyte blastic transformation in the presence of PHA increased sharply, reaching a peak in 2 to 3 days, and then decreased to its lowest level in 10 days after which it returned to its near preinoculation level. As for the mecha...
Recovery of peripheral chemoreceptor function after denervation in ponies. Resting ventilation (PaCO2) and ventilatory responses to acute hypoxia and to intravenous NaCN were assessed over a 4-yr period following cutting of the carotid sinus nerves and stripping the adventitia of the aortic arch. The data indicated essentially complete loss of peripheral chemoreceptor function immediately after surgery and hypoventilation during normoxia (delta PaCO2 = +8.7 Torr). There was a time-dependent, partial recovery of peripheral chemoreceptor function between 2 and 22 mo after surgery. Approximately 10% of the ventilatory response to iv NaCN returned, and 30-40% of the norm...
Lymphocyte immunostimulation in the diagnosis of Corynebacterium equi pneumonia of foals. A lymphocyte stimulation test using antigens of Corynebacterium equi was used to compare the response of peripheral blood lymphocytes from foals with C equi pneumonia with those of clinically normal foals and adult horses. The test clearly distinguished infected foals from normal foals when tested in animals less than or equal to 2 months old. After the 2nd month, stimulation response from individual normal foals sometimes exceed those from infected foals, but mean stimulation response to C equi antigens was significantly (P less than 0.025) greater in 3- to 5-month-old infected foals when com...
Rectal prolapse in the horse. Eleven horses with rectal prolapses were examined at Purdue University. Nine of the 11 prolapses were corrected by submucosal resection. Four of those were treated by a modified submucosal resection that apposes mucosa as well as submucosa. Follow-up of 8 cases, at intervals ranging from 4 months to 6 years, established that rectal prolapse did not recur following the resection.
[The immunological relation between human and equine Gc proteins (author’s transl)]. The immunological comparison of human and equine Gc proteins showed partial identical reactions between both species. Immunizations of goats and rabbits with horse serum produced antisera able to recognize human Gc proteins.
Aspects of genetics and disease in the horse. Dead or deformed foals produced by purebred parents represent an economic and emotional loss to the horse breeder. To avoid repeating production of such defective foals, the breeder may seek assistance in identifying the possible environmental or genetic causes for such animals. Only a few genetic diseases of the horse have been rigorously defined. Selected rare genetic diseases that prevent reproduction, cause the natural death or necessitate the humane destruction of a foal before it fulfills its intended purpose serve as examples for the definition of genetics of other deleterious diseases ...
