Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Animal Science
Animal Science and horses encompass the study of equine biology, physiology, and management practices aimed at understanding and improving horse health, welfare, and performance. This field integrates various scientific disciplines, including genetics, nutrition, reproduction, and behavior, to address the needs of horses in diverse contexts such as sports, work, and companionship. Research in this area often focuses on optimizing feeding strategies, enhancing breeding programs, and developing effective health management protocols. Additionally, studies explore the genetic factors influencing traits such as athleticism and disease resistance, as well as the impact of environmental and management conditions on horse behavior and welfare. This page gathers peer-reviewed research and scholarly articles that investigate the scientific principles underpinning equine science and their practical applications in horse care and management.
Some factors affecting isolation of Clostridium tetani from human and animal stools. Clostridium tetani was isolated from human and animal stools at the following rates [95% confidence interval (CI)]: Human, 0% (1.5-0); horse, 1% (5-0); cow in cowshed, 4% (10-1); cow in pasture, 8.3% (17-1), calf in pasture, 0% (7-0); dog, 2% (11-0) and sheep in pasture, 25% (44-14). Quantification of C. tetani in 16 animal stools positive for the bacillus was impossible in most cases, as the number of tetanus bacilli present was not large enough for this purpose. Contaminating anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria in human and animal stools, i.e., C. perfringens and Streptococcus sp., ...
Mitochondrial size and shape in equine skeletal muscle: a three-dimensional reconstruction study. Individual mitochondria were reconstructed from ultrathin serial sections of selected muscle fibers in the M. semitendinosus of a horse, over a length of nearly two sarcomeres. Mitochondria were found to be highly variable, with size and complexity of single mitochondria increasing with the fractional part of a fiber occupied by mitochondria. In fibers with a mitochondrial volume density of less than 4%, corresponding to the mitochondrial content of fast-twitch glycolytic fibers, mitochondria were generally rather simple cylindrical shapes, oriented parallel to the myofibrils. In fibers with a...
Prevalence of Anoplocephala perfoliata in horses and ponies in Clwyd, Powys and adjacent English marches. The prevalence of Anoplocephala perfoliata in 103 horses and ponies from Clwyd, Powys and the adjacent English marches, slaughtered during January 1987, was 69 per cent.
Kairi virus identified from a febrile horse in Argentina. A virus isolated from the blood of a febrile horse in Argentina was identified as a strain of Kairi virus. This is the fifth Bunyamwera serogroup virus isolated from livestock and wild animals in the Americas. Bunyamwera serogroup viruses have been isolated from febrile humans in the Americas and Africa.
Delayed repair of an extensive lip laceration in a colt using an Estlander flap. A vascularized full-thickness Estlander flap was used to repair a defect involving approximately 40% of the left lower lip of a colt. Postoperative problems were (1) providing nutritional support, (2) minimizing movement at the surgical site, and (3) partial wound dehiscence resulting in a salivary fistula. The surgical site healed well and the colt was left with a fully functional and cosmetic lower lip.
The nutritional status of pregnant and non-pregnant mares grazing South East Queensland pastures. It has been reported that the increasing nutritional demands from mid to late pregnancy of grazing mares may not be met when these stages of gestation coincide with pastures being affected by frost. It was established in this study that grass/legume pastures could support the nutritional requirements of brood mares by providing digestible energy intakes of 68.0 and 91.7 MJ/day and digestible nitrogen intake of 91.2 and 138 g/day during mid and late pregnancy, respectively.
Hydrocortisone secretion: production rate and pulse characterization by numerical deconvolution. Based on serial blood sampling over 24 h, hydrocortisone was shown to be secreted episodically in the horse. The purpose of the present experiment was to characterize peaks and troughs by analyzing the instantaneous secretion rate profile obtained by a deconvolution technique rather than from the plasma concentration time profile. Kinetic parameters of hydrocortisone were determined following intravenous bolus and intravenous perfusion of hydrocortisone. Stationary and nonlinearity of hydrocortisone disposition were demonstrated. With the use of clearance values calculated from constant perfus...
Characteristics of milk ejection, associated intramammary pressure changes and oxytocin release in the mare. The neuroendocrine reflex theory of milk ejection was investigated in the horse under natural suckling conditions. To this end 12 lactating mares were provided with acute jugular catheters and with intramammary pressure (IMP) recording catheters. The foal had free access to the contralateral mammary complex. Intramammary pressure could thus be recorded while blood was drawn simultaneously for oxytocin analysis from the undisturbed animal. Suckling periods associated with a characteristic increase in IMP lasted significantly longer than unsuccessful nursing attempts. Elements of successful suck...
Effect of administration of an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, xylazine, on pulsatile gonadotrophin secretion in anoestrous horse mares. Two experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that the seasonal suppression of gonadotrophin pulse frequency in anoestrous horse mares reflects inhibitory neural mechanisms. In a preliminary experiment (Exp. 1) conducted in February, 4 anoestrous mares were sedated by repeated intravenous injections of xylazine, an alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist. On the day of treatment, 1-2 LH pulses were observed in xylazine-treated mares. In contrast, during a 12-h period only 1/8 untreated control mares exhibited a LH pulse. In Exp. 2, the effect of xylazine-induced sedation on pulsatile gonad...
Biochemical indicators of bone formation in foals after transfer from pasture to stables for the winter months. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity and serum concentrations of osteocalcin, free thyroxine, protein, and cholesterol were measured in 14 foals monthly from birth to 1 year of age. A transient decrease (P less than 0.05) in alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin, free thyroxine, and cholesterol concentrations was found in November after transferring the horses from pasture to stables for the winter months. During the 2 subsequent months, serum alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin concentration increased slightly. Protein concentration was highest in late fall and decreased (P l...
Prednisolone binding to plasma proteins in domestic species. The binding of prednisolone to total plasma proteins of dogs, horses, cows, and sheep was characterized using equilibrium dialysis. Prednisolone was bound to a first protein with high affinity but low capacity (transcortin) and to a second protein according to a nonsaturable mechanism (albumin). Interspecies differences were observed, with cows and dogs exhibiting the lowest, and sheep and horses the highest specific binding capacities. The results are in good agreement with known pharmacokinetic properties of prednisolone in domestic species.
Purification of specific heterologous F(ab)2 fragments with DEAE-Zeta-Prep cartridges for ion-exchange chromatography. A simple two-step procedure for purifying F(ab)2 fragments of horse immunoglobulins is described. In the first step, the horse plasma is diluted, made up to 12% (w/v) with ammonium sulphate and digested with pepsin. In the second step, the previously dialyzed solution is chromatographed. Instead of a normal ion-exchange resin, a DEAE-cellulose, covalently linked to a synthetic vinyl polymer, was used (DEAE-Zeta-Prep). With this assembly it is possible to perform chromatography at a high flow-rate without the problems related to the use of large columns. The yield and purity of the final produc...
The primary structure of donkey (Equus asinus) lysozyme contains the Ca(II) binding site of alpha-lactalbumin. The complete primary structure of donkey lysozyme has been established by pulsed liquid-phase sequencing of tryptic and chymotryptic peptides isolated by RP-HPLC. The positions of the Cys residues were identified by labeling the Cys residues with DABIA-reagent. Donkey lysozyme is a c-type lysozyme which is 129 amino acids long. It exhibits 50% homology to the human protein. We observe the full Ca(II) binding site suggested for the homologous alpha-lactalbumines. Although horse lysozyme has been reported to contain asparagine in position 61, which was in conflict with the three-dimensional stru...
Cardiovascular effects of acupuncture stimulation at point Governing Vessel 26 in halothane-anesthetized ponies. The acupuncture point Governing Vessel (GV-26) is used commonly in the Orient to treat shock in human beings and other species. The cardiovascular effects of stimulation of GV-26 were studied in healthy ponies during 2 episodes of halothane anesthesia. During one anesthetic episode, electrical stimulation (electrostimulation) of GV-26 was performed, and during the other anesthetic episode, heat stimulation (moxibustion) of GV-26 was performed. The order of the stimulations was random. A nonacupuncture point was selected for comparable control stimulation during each experiment. Control and acu...
California serogroup virus infections in Wisconsin domestic animals. A serologic survey and experimental virus transmission studies were done to assess the role of domestic animals as amplifier hosts of La Crosse (LACV) and Jamestown Canyon (JCV) viruses. Serum from 319 cows, 88 dogs, 122 equines, 47 swine, 10 goats, and 4 cats were tested for neutralizing antibody to LACV, JCV, trivittatus (TVTV), and snowshoe hare (SSHV) viruses. Antibody prevalences of LACV, TVTV, and SSHV were less than 10% in all species. Antibody to JCV was detected in all species except cats. Prevalence ranged from 10% in goats and swine to 29% in dogs. No age-associated trends in JCV pr...
The influence of high planes of nutrition on skeletal growth and development of weanling horses. Effects of high dietary levels of energy, protein and Ca and deficient levels of Ca on skeletal growth and development in the equine were studied in two experiments. The weanlings were fed grain-based diets. In Exp. 1, Group 1 (Ctl) received all nutrients at NRC recommended levels for growth; Group 2 (HE) received 150% of their digestible energy (DE) requirement; Group 3 (LC) received 150% of DE and 35% of Ca requirements. In Exp. 2, Group 1 (Ctl) again received all nutrients at NRC recommended levels for growth; Group 2 (HEP) received 150% of DE and 275% of CP requirements; Group 3 (HEPC) rec...
Epidermal growth factor-mediated effects on equine vascular smooth muscle cells. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor binding kinetics and EGF-mediated stimulation of DNA synthesis and cellular proliferation were studied in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from the equine thoracic aorta. Binding studies, using murine 125I-labeled EGF, indicate the presence of a single class of high-affinity binding sites (apparent KD = 2.8 X 10(-11) M), with an estimated maximal binding capacity of 5,800 sites/cell. EGF stimulated [3H]thymidine uptake in confluent quiescent monolayers in a dose-dependent fashion, half-maximal stimulation occurring at 7.5 X 10(-11) M. Likewise...
Left ventricular oxygen extraction during submaximal and maximal exertion in ponies. 1. Left ventricular (LV) myocardial O2 extraction was studied in five healthy ponies which had catheters implanted in the great cardiac vein and main pulmonary artery 15-30 days before the study. The abdominal aorta was percutaneously catheterized to sample arterial blood. 2. In addition, phasic LV and aortic pressures, LV dP/dtmax and rate-pressure product were also studied; dP/dtmax is the maximal rate of rise of the left ventricular pressure during the isovolumic phase, and is considered an index of myocardial contractility. Measurements were made at rest (control) and during adenosine infu...
Avian mycobacteriosis in three horses. The clinical, bacteriologic and pathologic findings of three adult horses suffering from avian tuberculosis are presented. Chronic weight loss and hypoproteinemia were pertinent clinical abnormalities in all three horses. Gross pathologic lesions were characterized by chronic enterocolitis with mesenteric lymphadenopathy in two horses and hepatic granulomas in the third horse. The microscopic diagnoses were chronic, non-caseating granulomatous enterocolitis, and necrotizing, non-mineralizing granulomatous hepatitis, respectively. All three horses had granulomatous lymphadenitis of mesenteric l...
Variable locations of nutrient foramina of the proximal phalanx in forelimbs of standardbreds. Bilateral metacarpophalangeal radiographs of 100 Standardbreds were examined for visualization and location of nutrient foramina of the proximal phalanx. Foramina were located in the dorsal or palmar cortex or were not visible radiographically. Of 100 horses, 45 had bilaterally symmetrical foramina. Left and right proximal phalangeal foramina were asymmetrical in the remaining 55 horses. Of 200 proximal phalangeal foramina (in 100 horses), 78 were in the dorsal cortex, 61 were in the palmar cortex, and 61 were not visible radiographically. A significant (P = 0.05) effect of age or sex could no...
