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Topic:Clinical Study
Clinical studies in equine research involve the systematic investigation of health and disease in horses through structured scientific methods. These studies aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatments, understand disease mechanisms, and improve veterinary care practices. Clinical studies can include randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case-control studies. They may focus on various aspects such as pharmacokinetics, therapeutic interventions, and diagnostic techniques. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the design, implementation, and findings of clinical studies in equine medicine, providing insights into their impact on horse health and veterinary practices.
Impedance monitoring of equine intestinal motility. Myoelectrical and myomechanical activities of the distal portion of the jejunum and pelvic flexure were studied in 7 ponies, using permanently implanted monopolar and bipolar stainless steel electrodes. Dental acrylic embedded recording electrodes were surgically sutured to the serosal surface of the distal portion of the jejunum and pelvic flexure. Myoelectrically, regular spike bursts and irregular spike bursts were observed in the jejunum. Short spike bursts and long spike bursts were recorded and associated with spike potentials, using impedance recording techniques. Electrical and mechani...
Effects of halothane anesthesia on equine liver function. Effects of halothane anesthesia were investigated in ponies prepared surgically with chronic external biliary fistulas (T tubes) to determine the effects on liver function and biliary excretion during 2 hours of anesthesia. Four studies were performed on 2 ponies, 2 to 6 months after surgery with the enterohepatic circulation held intact between studies. Intravenous bile acid infusion was used to maintain steady-state bile flow, bilirubin, and bile acid excretion during each study. Compared with the immediate 2-hour preanesthesia values (base line), halothane caused a 138% increase in bilirubi...
Intrauterine movement of the early conceptus in barren and postpartum mares. The equine embryonic vesicle has been shown to be highly mobile prior to day 15, moving from one horn to the other many times per day. In Experiment 1, intrauterine mobility patterns of the vesicle were compared between barren and postpartum mares on days 12, 13, or 14, using an ultrasound instrument. Location of the vesicle (left horn, right horn, body) was determined every five minutes during six two-hour trials in each group. Averaged over all trials, the vesicle moved from one horn to the other 1.1 times per two-hour trial. There were no significant differences between barren and postpartu...
Pain perception and alleviation in animals. In the last 2 decades there have been substantial advances in our knowledge of the scientific basis of the mechanisms of pain. Nociceptors or pain receptors are widespread in the skin and tissues of animals; chemical mediation of nociceptor excitation may provide a key for understanding the peripheral phenomena related to pain. The expression of pain in animals involves multiple ascending and descending branches, as well as specialized pain-signaling mechanisms in the spinal cord. The importance of these different pathways varies with species and circumstances. Endogenous neural systems in the...
Benzimidazole resistance of equine strongyles: critical tests of several classes of compounds against population B strongyles from 1977 to 1981. From 1977 to 1981, critical tests were conducted on 10 horses naturally infected with population B strongyles. Drugs tested were: oxibendazole (OBZ), 10 mg/kg of body weight (n = 1); albendazole, 10 mg/kg (n = 1); a mixture of thiabendazole (TBZ), 44 mg/kg and trichlorfon, 40 mg/kg (n = 1); a mixture of TBZ at 44 mg/kg with piperazine (PPZ) at 55 mg of base/kg (n = 1); febantel (FBT), 6 mg/kg (n = 3), 12 mg/kg (n = 1), or 24 mg/kg (n = 1); and pyrantel (PRT) pamoate, 6.6 mg of base/kg (n = 1). Large strongyles, Strongylus vulgaris (9 horses) and S edentatus (5 horses), were effectively removed...
Effects of isoflurane anesthesia on equine liver function. The acute 2-hour effects of isoflurane anesthesia on liver function and biliary excretion were examined in 2 ponies prepared surgically with chronic external biliary fistulas (T-tubes). Studies were conducted 2 to 8 months postoperatively with the enterohepatic circulation held intact between studies. Bile acid infusion IV (8.1 to 8.8 mumol/min) helped maintain bile flow and bile acid and bilirubin excretion during complete biliary diversion throughout each study. Following 3-hour control periods, anesthesia was induced and maintained at 1.3 to 1.5 minimal alveolar concentration plus O2 (spont...
[Meconium constipation in foals]. Meconium constipation is observed in a number of foals during every foaling period. The literature on the clinical picture, methods of treatment and complications, is reviewed in the present paper. In addition, the cases of seventy-five foals are reviewed, in which meconium constipation was suspected and which were submitted to the Internal Disease Department of Large Animals during the period from 1972 to 1982. The clinical picture was found to be due to another disorder in nine cases. Treatment with castor oil and alcohol resulted in discharge of the meconium in fifty-eight cases. Complicati...
Electrical stimulation on skin wound healing in the horse: preliminary studies. The effect of low-level direct-current stimulation on skin wound healing in the horse was assessed. Self-sustaining electrical circuits with electrodes were implanted subcutaneously in or near the wound. Stimulation by direct current (10 or 20 microA) was used to determine the effect on equine skin healing. The efficacy of electrotherapy was evaluated by sequentially comparing the clinical appearance of the wound and measuring the size of the granulating wound bed. The histologic appearance of the healing stimulated wounds was compared with that in nonstimulated control wounds created on 9 hor...
Motility of the distal portion of the jejunum and pelvic flexure in ponies: effects of six drugs. Bipolar stainless steel electrodes were surgically implanted in 4 ponies to record myoelectrical and mechanical activity of the distal portion of the jejunum and pelvic flexure. After determining normal activity, the effects of neostigmine, xylazine, flunixin meglumine, dipyrone, panthenol, and atropine sulfate were determined. Flunixin meglumine, dipyrone, and panthenol had no effect on the motility of the jejunum or pelvic flexure. Xylazine and atropine sulfate decreased motility of the distal portion of the jejunum and pelvic flexure, with atropine sulfate having a greater effect and lastin...
Time of ovarian follicular recruitment in cyclic pony mares. An experiment was carried out on pony mares to establish the time of the oestrous cycle at which ovarian follicles are recruited for ovulation. In one group (n=7), the cycle was interrupted at the preovulatory stage by removing the preovulatory follicle; in another group (n=13) the cycle was interrupted at day 6 of the luteal phase by inducing luteolysis with a prostaglandin injection (PG). In a subgroup (n=7) of those given PG, the ovary not bearing the corpus luteum was removed at the time of injection. A further group (n=6) served as surgical controls. The interval to the next ovulation and...
Phenylbutazone toxicosis in the horse: a clinical study. In a retrospective study of 269 horses that had been treated with phenylbutazone, horses receiving less than or equal to 8.8 mg/kg of body weight/day for less than or equal to 4 days or 2 to 4 mg/kg of body weight/day for up to 50 days remained clinically normal. Anorexia, depression, colic, hypoproteinemia, diarrhea, melena, weight loss, ventral edema, petechial hemorrhages of mucous membranes, oral and gastrointestinal tract erosions and ulcers, renal papillary necrosis, and death were among the complications seen in horses that had received greater than 8.8 mg/kg of body weight/day. In 2 ca...
Eosinophils in equine uterine cytology and histology specimens. In a review of specimens from 80 mares with concurrently collected endometrial biopsy and cytology preparations, eosinophils were found in 33 specimens from 27 mares. In 22 of 27 mares, there were conditions predisposing to pneumovagina, which presumably led to pneumouterus. Thirty-two of the 80 mares also had conditions predisposing to pneumovagina but no eosinophils in the uterine specimens. Experimental introduction of air into the uterus of 3 mares resulted in eosinophils in their uterine specimens.
Cancellous bone screws for repair of proximal growth plate fractures of the tibia in foals. Proximal growth plate fractures of the tibia in 4 foals were treated surgically. A medial approach was utilized in 3 cases and a lateral approach in the fourth. Bone screw fixation was achieved with cancellous screws and washers. In 3 cases, the screw shaft crossed the proximal tibial growth plate with no adverse effects. In all animals, there was rapid and cosmetic healing. At 8 to 18 months after surgery, all horses were sound at a walk, trot, and canter.
Rodeo roping thumb injuries. Three men with thumb injuries sustained during rodeo roping competition have been treated recently. Two of the thumbs were amputated, and the third was partially avulsed. The mechanism of injury was identical in all three cases. The thumbs were entwined between the rope and saddle horn while reducing the slack in the rope and then subjected to shearing and crushing forces as tension was placed on the rope. These injuries emphasize the importance of keeping the thumb upward and clear of the rope to avoid entrapment between the rope and saddle horn.
Laser therapy in the horse: histopathologic response. Surgical incisions were made in the skin and superficial digital flexor tendons in horses. A low intensity laser therapy device was used to treat the limbs. After laser therapy was completed, skin and superficial digital flexor tendons from incised laser-irradiated, incised-control, and nonincised-control limbs were compared microscopically. Qualitative differences between laser irradiated and nonirradiated tissues were not found. The laser therapy device used in this study may be of insufficient power to affect wound healing.
[An analysis of reproducibility in the determination of the activity of selected enzymes in the blood serum of horses]. Single biochemical analyses can be used for the diagnosis of animal diseases only with the knowledge of the effects that may distort the single result. The study of the repeatability of analyses is described in the four basic enzymes (AST, ALP, GMT, LD), which are most frequently used for diagnosis. The experiment was conducted in a group of ten Kladrub mares. Six blood samples were taken from each of the mares within ten days. The measured values were subjected to statistical processing and repeatability coefficients (r op) were calculated. All the r op values were high (ALP--0.96, LD--0.93, ...
Fetlock annular ligament desmotomy: a report of 24 cases. Restriction of free movement of the flexor tendons through the fetlock canal results in lameness. The commonest cause was chronic synovitis of the digital sheath. The condition is characterised by an unremitting lameness, synovial distension and a notch on the caudal aspect of the limb. The condition can be relieved by section of the annular ligament of the fetlock. In a series of 24 cases 16 horses returned to work with no recurrence of lameness, three cases were lost to follow up and five animals remained lame; three of these had intercurrent disease.
