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Topic:Clinical Study
Clinical studies in equine research involve the systematic investigation of health and disease in horses through structured scientific methods. These studies aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatments, understand disease mechanisms, and improve veterinary care practices. Clinical studies can include randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case-control studies. They may focus on various aspects such as pharmacokinetics, therapeutic interventions, and diagnostic techniques. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the design, implementation, and findings of clinical studies in equine medicine, providing insights into their impact on horse health and veterinary practices.
Haptoglobin in the serum of thoroughbreds in training. A method is described for the measurement of haptoglobin in equine serum using the peroxidase activity of the haemoglobin-haptoglobin complex. The problems of interference with Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions are described. Normal values for haptoglobin in 629 blood samples from thoroughbreds in training are presented showing a log normal distribution with a 5 per cent to 95 per cent range of 0.42 to 1.7 g/litre. There was no consistent alteration in haptoglobin concentration throughout the season in spite of a change in red cell size and total bilirubin concentration. It is concluded that the measurement ...
Selective medium for Corynebacterium equi isolation. The development of a selective medium for the isolation of Corynebacterium equi is described. The medium has been used to examine fecal samples from 127 horses of which 90 have been found to carry the organism.
The effect of binding ions on the oxidation of horse heart ferrocytochrome c. The research explores how different binding ions affect the oxidation speed of horse heart ferrocytochrome c, a protein, by potassium ferricyanide at a constant ionic strength. Studying the Ion Effect […]
Adrenal gland function in the horse: effects of cosyntropin (synthetic) and corticotropin (natural) stimulation. The plasma concentration of hydrocortisone was determined in mares given either cosyntropin (100 IU, given IV) or corticotropin (200 IU, given IM). Plasma hydrocortisone concentrations of the mares treated with cosyntropin increased by 46%, 57% and 80% at 30, 60, and 120 minutes, respectively, when compared with base-line values; these values returned to base line at 240 minutes. In mares treated with corticotropin, mean plasma hydrocortisone concentrations increased by 42%, 143%, 101% and 155% at 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes, respectively, when compared with base-line values. Differences in t...
Pulmonary function testing in horses. Pulmonary function tests in horses are in the early stages of development and there will be a limit in the range of tests available since those requiring patient cooperation cannot be conducted in animals. Some tests such as blood gas analysis, A-aDo2 and delta Ppl measurements could presently be used to a greater extent under field conditions. Others that require expensive equipment and considerable technical assistance will be limited to the larger referral type veterinary clinics until the time is reached when there is adequate information to select those procedures that give a reasonable c...
Prevalence and treatment of tapeworms in horses. A study was initiated to determine the prevalence of tapeworms in horses in Southern Ontario and to investigate the efficacy of pyrantel pamoate, niclosamide and mebendazole. Fecal samples were taken from 580 horses of various breeds, ages and sexes in 24 locations and Anoplocephala perfoliata was found in 13.6%. This was regarded as a minimum, the true rate being probably significantly higher and the reasons for this are discussed. A brief review of the life cycle and effects of tapeworms in horses and a comparison of two flotation techniques for the diagnosis of A. perfoliata eggs in feces i...
Neuritis of the cauda equina, a chronic idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis in the horse. Four cases of neuritis of the cauda equina (NCE) were studied by light and electron microscopy. Examination of sacral intradural rootlets revealed inflammatory cell infiltrates and an array of myelinated fiber changes which included myelin stripping by invading mononuclear cells and macrophages, as well as splitting and vesiculation of myelin lamellae without obvious participation by leukocytes. More distally in the extradural roots, there was marked granulomatous inflammation, and demyelinative changes were overshadowed by widespread evidence of irreversible axon damage. In all cases, unusual...
Chronic nephritis in a pony. The clinical and pathological features of a case of chronic nephritis in a 17-year-old pony was described. Measurement of fluid intake and laboratory analysis of sequential blood and urine samples helped in establishing an accurate diagnosis. The case demonstrates that although chronic renal disease is not well documented in the horse it should nevertheless be considered in the differential diagnosis of conditions characterised by progressive loss of weight.
An analysis of 500 cases of equine cryptorchidism. The authors analyse data collected over 23 years from 500 cryptorchid horses. They show that left- and right-sided abdominal cases occur with approximately equal frequency in ponies. Approximately half the right-sided unilateral abdominal cases have the epididymal tail descended while only 20 per cent of the left-sided cases do. These findings are briefly discussed. From their analysis of inguinal cryptorchidism the authors conclude that it is a relatively more complex phenomenon with incidence changing with age as well as breed. Right-sided retention predominates in young ponies, probably bei...
Volume dilution of sodium thiocyanate as a measure of extracellular fluid volume in the horse. Volume dilution of sodium thiocyanate as a measure of extracellular fluid volume was determined in 24 normal adult horses and 4 ponies. The method employed yielded highly reproducible results on multiple determinations in individual horses. A highly significant (P less than .001) correlation between thiocyanate space and body weight was demonstrated.
Possible modification of scar tissue by biochemical methods. This paper reviews some of the biochemical modifications involved in fibrous tissue formation and discusses possible ways of controlling fibrosis in clinical conditions. The lathyritic agents, beta-aminoproprionitrile (BAPN) and penicillamine, appear in certain situations to be able to control fibrosis by blocking the biosynthesis of collagen. There are no compounds that are yet known which are capable of reversing pre-existing fibrosis and future research may perhaps be more profitably directed towards the stimulation of collagen catabolism rather than the inhibition of its synthesis.
Ascending urinary tract infection in ponies. Two young ponies had the prescrotal portion of their penises accidentally amputated during castration. They both developed ascending urinary tract infections over the next 4 weeks. One pony had a necrotising cystitis and pyelonephritis, the other improved markedly after a urethrostomy had been performed but was destroyed several months later.
Oxygenation of pulmonary vein blood in conscious and anaesthetised ponies. Catheters were implanted through the left atrium into large veins drawing blood from regions of the diaphragmatic lobes in five ponies. Measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions in blood samples drawn through these catheters showed that in laterally recumbent conscious and anaesthetised animals the function of the lowermost lung is progressively impaired while in the supine position the function of both lungs is adversely affected.
Enteroliths in horses–a retrospective study of 30 cases. In a retrospective study of selected cases, abdominal colic in 30 horses was attributed to enterolith obstructions of the large intestine. Obstructions caused by "true" enteroliths were confined to horses more than four years old. Prominent clinical features were recurrent mild abdominal pain, inappetance, gaseous distension and minimal intestinal motility. The various aspects of the clinical syndrome, including diagnostic problems and clinical management, are discussed. Most obstructing enteroliths were found near the beginning of the small colon and most horses contained only a single major ...
The use of ionising radiation for the treatment of injuries to flexor tendons and supporting ligaments in horses. A technique was developed using radioactive isotopes as a source of radiation for the treatment of injuries to the superficial and deep flexor tendons and the associated ligaments in the horse. The treatment area was sub-divided so that different dosages could be applied over the limb as necessary. A plaster of Paris impression was taken of the whole area to be treated. In the isotope laboratory a plaster negative was made and loaded with the dose of radioactive isotope. The loaded cast was then strapped to the horse's limb for the calculated time, usually about three days. A total of 42 horse...
Luteinizing hormone during sexual maturation in pony mares. Luteinizing hormone (LH) was quantified in pony mares during artificially induced sexual maturation. Ovarian follicular development was also assessed by rectal palpation of the ovaries. With the exception of large periovulatory LH concentrations in two mares that ovulated, LH concentrations were not significantly different in mares undergoing sexual maturation and thus having marked follicular development when compared with mares that were not undergoing sexual maturation and thus did not have marked follicular development. These results indicate a dissociation in time between the onset of fol...
Benzimidazole resistance of equine stronygles–critical tests of six compounds against population B. Critical tests were conducted on eight horses naturally infected with several species of large and small strongyles from population B. Tested were six benzimidazoles, including thiabendazole (2 lots) (44 mg/kg of body weight); mebendazole (8.8 mg/kg); cambendazole (two formulations) (20 mg/kg); fenbendazole (10 mg/kg); oxibendazole (10 mg/kg); and oxfendazole (10 mg/kg). All compounds were administered by stomach tube except one of the two cambendazole formulations which was an intraoral paste. Removal of large strongyles (when present), Strongylus vulgaris and Strongylus edentatus, was 100% b...
Comparative serologic study of equine piroplasmosis, with card and complement-fixation tests. An agglutinating antigen and a rapid card test (CT) for equine piroplasmosis was developed. The antigen for the CT was prepared from lyophilized Babesia caballi complement-fixation (CF) antigen. Serum and plasma samples for testing were obtained from known B caballi-infected horses and clinically normal horses maintained at the laboratory. Serum samples also were obtained from horses outside the continental United States, in areas where piroplasmosis is endemic. Comparative CT and CF tests were done on all samples. The CT correctly identified 85% of 192 plasma samples from known infected and n...
Serological response of patients with non-gonococcal urethritis to causative organism of contagious equine metritis 1977. The presence of allugtinins to the causative organism of contagious equine metritis (C.E.M.) in human serum has been confirmed. Agglutinins were found in the serum of 84 (37.6%) of 223 patients with non-gonococcal urethritis (N.G.U.), and in 12.5% of these patients there was a four-fold or greater rise in titre during the course of their illness. There was no evidence that these agglutinins were the result of infection by chlamydiae or ureaplasmas. Certain patients with these agglutinins seemed to respond better to therapy with antibiotics to which the C.E.M. bacterium is susceptible in vitro ...
A passive haemagglutination test for the detection of antibodies to the contagious equine metritis organism. A passive haemagglutination test (PHT) which has been developed for the detection of antibodies to the contagious equine metritis organism (CEMO) in serum is described. Samples from each of 30 mares with metritis were positive with titres in the range 256 to 4096. Samples from each of 239 clinically normal mares and 30 colts and fillies believed not to have been exposed to CEMO were negative with titres of less than 256, the majority of samples (97 per cent) showing a titre of 32 or less.
