Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Comparative Study
Comparative studies in equine research involve the systematic analysis of different horse breeds, management practices, or physiological responses to identify variations and similarities. These studies are instrumental in understanding how different factors influence health, performance, and behavior in horses. Common areas of comparison include genetic traits, nutritional requirements, disease resistance, and response to training. By evaluating these differences, researchers can develop targeted strategies for breeding, healthcare, and training. This page aggregates peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that focus on the methodologies, findings, and implications of comparative studies in the context of equine science.
Serum folate levels in horses, with particular reference to the English thoroughbred. The assay of serum folate has been used to investigate the folate status of thoroughbreds in training to race, in-foal thoroughbred mares at stud and crossbred ponies kept permanently at grass. Throughbreds in training, with no obvious haematological or clinical abnormalities, had lower serum folate levels (mean 3.3, range 1.5 to 6.1 microgram per litre) compared with thoroughbred mares at stud (mean 10.6, range 6.4 to 15.8 microgram per litre) and crossbred ponies at grass (mean 10.9, range 7.4 to 16.6 microgram per litre. Intensive exercise, over a period of six months, significantly decreas...
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study of molecular interactions in hemoglobin. Infrared absorption spectra of the alpha-104 (G11) cysteine SH group have been observed for aqueous solutions of hemoglobin derivatives from humans, pigs, and horses. The center frequencies ((nu)SH) show ligand sensitive patterns that are similar for the three species, with (nu)SH (HbCO) <(nu)SH (HbO(2) ~ HbCN) < (nu)SH (Hb(+)) <<(nu)SH (deoxyHb) for human and pig hemoglobins. The alpha-104 SH group is most strongly H-bonded (smallest (nu)SH), has the greatest range of (nu)SH (Hb ? HbCO) in human hemoglobin, and is least strongly H-bonded and has the smallest range of (nu)SH (Hb ? HbCO) in hor...
[Comparative study of six methods for lymphocyte isolation from several mammalian sources and determination of their carbohydrate composition (author’s transl)]. The present paper deals with a comparative study on six methods for isolation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from various mammalian sources: Bos taurus L. (adult cow), Equus caballus L. (adult horse), Equus asinus L. (adult and young donkeys) and Sus scropha L. (adult pig). The following systems were used: a) Filtration through sand columns (a modification of Blaszczyszyn's method); b) Sodium metrizoate and "Ficoll 400" c) "Lymphoprep"; d) "Urovison" and dextran T150 (a modification of GILI et al.'s method); e) "Urografin" and dextran T150; f) "Ficoll-Paque". The final preparation of lymphocy...
Acid-base status of equine blood during storage. The changes in pH, pCO2, pO2, BE, SBC, and lactic during storage of equine venous and arterial blood in 24 hours at different temperatures were measured (tables I, II), and illustrated (fig, 1, 2, 3). Correction tables (tables VI, VII) for determination of the initial acid-base data are constructed based on regression equations (tables IV, V) of the in vitro changes of the blood. The changes in the acid-base values of equine blood differ from that of bovine and canine blood (table III).
Comparison of the effects of prostacyclin (PGI2), prostaglandin E1 and D2 on platelet aggregation in different species. The activity of prostacyclin (PGI2), PGE1 or PGD2 as inhibitors of platelet aggregation in plasma from human, dog, rabbit, rat, sheep and horse was investigated. Prostacyclin was the most potent inhibitor in all species. PGD2 was a weak inhibitor in dog, rabbit and rat plasma whereas PGE1 and prostacyclin were highly active. Theophylline or dipyridamole potentiated the inhibition of human platelet aggregation by prostacyclin, PGE1 or PGD2. Compound N-0164 abolished the inhibition by PGD2 of human platelet aggregation but did not inhibit the effects of PGE1 or prostacyclin. The results suggest ...
Amino acid sequence of the beta-subunit of the follicle-stimulating hormone from equine pituitary glands. A tentative amino acid sequence of the beta-subunit of equine follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was derived from the sequences of tryptic, thermolytic as well as peptic, subtilisin, and chymotryptic peptides. Equine FSH-beta is analogous to human FSH-beta except six amino acid substitutions at positions 12, 16, 21, 62, 108, and 114. The amino acid sequence suggests that the hormone-specific beta-subunits of FSH are similar at the interspecies level, whereas the amino acid sequences of the hormone nonspecific alpha-subunits show variations.
Isolation and amino acid sequence of the alpha-subunit of follicle-stimulating hormone from equine pituitary glands. Six hundred milligrams of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), containing 110 NIH-FSH-S1 units/mg, was isolated from 9 kg of equine pituitary glands. The equine FSH was dissociated into alpha- and beta-subunits. A tentative amino acid sequence of the alpha-subunit was determined. The alpha-subunit contained 82 amino acids. The equine FSH-alpha is shorter by 10 to 14 amino acids at the NH2 terminus and has several substitutions at several positions as compared with human FSH-alpha and bovine thyroid-stimulating hormone-alpha. At the intraspecies level, the alpha-subunits of human FSH, human lute...
Congenital stationary night blindness: an animal model. Electroretinographic studies of myctalopic Appaloosa horses demonstrated photopic and scotopic abnormalities similar to those in humans with congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) of the Schubert-Bornschein type. The phototopic abnormalities consisted of reduced b-wave amplitudes and slower than normal b-wave implict time. The dark-adapted ERG's consisted of a simple negative potential; the scotopic b-wave was nonrecordable. However, a normal c-wave was present in the dark-adapted response. Histologic studies demonstrated no structural abnormalities that could explain the functional defe...
[Radiological and clinical considerations on navicular disease (author’s transl)]. The radiological and clinical interpretation of alterations of the navicular bone, the interaction of radiological and clinical symptoms in relation to the age of the animal, the influence of work-load on this interaction and the possibility of predicting navicular disease at an early stage are discussed. The discussion is based on experience in a study of 130 horses.
Studies on cross protection induced in calves by rotaviruses of calves, children and foals. Inoculation at birth with a live attenuated strain of a bovine rotavirus isolated in the USA (scourvax-reo) induced protection in five gnotobiotic calves seven to 21 days later against a UK isolate of pathogenic bovine rotavirus. However, no protection was induced in three calves challenged three to five days after vaccination. There was a close antigenic relationship demonstrated between the two bovine rotavirus isolates. In contrast only one of three gnotobiotic calves inoculated with foal rotavirus, and one of three with human rotavirus, were protected against bovine rotavirus challenge. Pr...
Homologous and cross-reactive precipitins in anti-pneumococcal sera raised in mules. Serial bleedings were obtained from two mules during prolonged immunization, one with type XXV the other with type VIII pneumococcal vaccine. IgGa, IgGb, IgGc, IgB, IgG(T) and IgM present among purified Pn anti-XXV and Pn anti-VIII immunoglobulin isolated from various bleedings were identified by use of rabbit anti-equine heavy chain specific reagents. Radioimmunodiffusion with 14C-labelled type XXV pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide and horse and donkey reagents with species specificity directed against donkey or horse IgGa respectively, demonstrated both parental horse and donkey IgGa heav...
Blood and tissue content of the iso-enzymes of lactate dehydrogenase in the thoroughbred. The occasions, position and relative concentration of LDH iso-enzymes in the blood tissues of the thoroughbred horse were determined. Locomotor muscles possess a high concentration of LDH 5 whereas non-locomotor muscles have a low concentration of this iso-enzyme.
Quantitative study of the decussating optic axons in the pony, cow, sheep, and pig. A quantitative study of optic axons in the optic tracts of several species was performed to determine the number and percentage of optic axons that decussate. Animals were prepared by unilateral ocular enucleation, and light microscopic techniques were employed to count the fibers. The mean number of fibers projecting from a single eye was 732,119 for the pony, 1,041,739 for the cow, 534,755 for the sheep, and 442,629 for the pig. The mean degree of crossover at the chiasm was 80.8% in ponies, 82.9% in cattle, 88.9% in sheep, and 87.8% in pigs.
Isolation of a gonadotropin (PMEG) from pregnant mare endometrial cups: comparison with PMSG. The gonadotropin (PMEG) in pregnant mare endometrial cups was purified and compared to pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG). Purification methodology applicable to PMSG was employed. In vivo and in vitro assays for FSH and LH were used to evaluate PMEG preparations. In all cases, lower activities (11-54%) were observed with PMEG compared to PMSG. Antiserum raised in rabbits against PMSG cross-reacts fully with PMEG in agar double diffusion tests. The amino acid composition of PMEG is similar to PMSG, but amino terminal group analyses show PMEG preparations to be more heterogeneous than PMSG...
Absorption of sodium benzylpenicillin from the equine uterus after local Lugol’s lodine treatment, compared with absorption after intramuscular injection. Plasma concentrations of sodium benzylpenicillin following intrauterine infusion were increased by reducing the volume of solution and expelling air from the vagina after infusion. Instillation of 10 per cent Lugol's iodine solution into the uterus before penicillin infusion further increased the absorption rate, although peak plasma levels of penicillin were less than half those which resulted from intramuscular injection of the same dose.
Measurement of specific laryngeal muscle function by ultrasound. Ultrasonic dimension gauges were implanted in the crico-arytenoideus dorsalis muscle in a mature horse. Resting and contracted muscle length and average contraction rate were measured serially in the conscious state over a period of 25 days. Results suggest that specific laryngeal muscle function in the horse may be defined with this approach. Since man and horse are both known to suffer from laryngeal hemiplegia, this experimental preparation may help provide information of benefit to both species.
Comparative physiology of the hindgut and its nutritional significance. The research article explores the comparative physiology of the hindgut in different animals, its key processes, and its implications on nutrition. It underscores the significance of gut microorganisms in breakdown […]
Characterization of haemolytic streptococci isolated from horses and cattle. No abstract available
Analysis of mechanisms regulating the expression of parental alleles at the GPD locus in mule erythrocytes. Erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was examined by 13% starch gel electrophoresis in 74 mules (42 females and 32 males), 35 donkeys, and ten horses. The quantitative expression of the parental alleles at the Gpd locus varies greatly in female mules from the hemizygous expression of the maternal allele to that of the paternal. The data obtained indicate that the X chromosomes are randomly inactivated in females mules. No selective advantage of a cell population with a maternally (or paternally) derived X active was found in female mule erythrocytes. It is suggested that the ph...
Detection of proviral DNA in horse cells infected with equine infectious anemia virus. Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) recently has been shown to possess a high-molecular-weight RNA genome and a virion reverse transcriptase. We completed the demonstration that EIAV is a retrovirus by showing the presence of proviral DNA in equine cells infected in vitro, but not in normal horse DNA. These studies were performed by using a highly representative cDNA probe synthesized by the virion polymerase. It was found that this cDNA reassociated extensively, and with high thermal stability, with either viral RNA or DNA extracted from infected cells, but showed no detectable reassociatio...
