Topic:Disease Prevention
Disease prevention in horses encompasses strategies and practices aimed at minimizing the occurrence and spread of infectious and non-infectious diseases within equine populations. These practices include vaccination programs, biosecurity measures, and regular health monitoring. Vaccination helps to stimulate the horse's immune system to protect against specific pathogens, while biosecurity measures, such as quarantine and sanitation, reduce the risk of disease transmission. Regular health monitoring, including physical examinations and diagnostic testing, aids in early detection and management of potential health issues. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various methods and their effectiveness in preventing diseases in horses, as well as the development and implementation of prevention programs in different equine settings.
Effect of isometamidium on infections by Trypanosoma vivax and T. evansi in experimentally-infected animals. Assays dealing with the therapeutic and prophylactic activity of isometamidium on experimental infections by Trypanosoma vivax and T. evansi were carried out. The drug was found to be highly effective against T. vivax infection in sheep and cattle in which periods of protection ranging from 118 to 195 days were achieved. No complete effects against infection by T. evansi were observed. The drug was well tolerated in sheep and cattle while side-effects were noted in treated mares. It was concluded that isometamidium could be used to prevent damage and economical losses caused by T. vivax in Ven...
Equine immunology 4: vaccines and antisera. This paper attempts to relate the practicalities of vaccine development to the ideals which should be aimed for in a new vaccine. The type of immune response induced is dependent upon the nature of the antigen in the vaccine and the site and timing of its presentation to the immune system. In this respect the influence of age, maternal immunity and antigenic competition are discussed. The possible side effects associated with vaccination are defined and vaccines which are currently available for horses are reviewed. These vaccines are mostly for the prevention of respiratory disease. Finally, ...
[Prevention of Strongylidae infections in the horse]. Proceeding on the epidemiology of Strongylidae infection in horses, the effects of combined anthelmintic treatment and moving to non-contaminated pasture in July were studied during 1981 and 1982. This strategy for control was found to be effective as was shown by faecal examination, pasture larval counts and post-mortem worm counts. No significant contamination or worm infection developed in the group of treated ponies moved to celan pasture after July 1. On the permanently grazed pasture the same pattern of infection developed as on the pasture where up to July 1 ponies and subsequently shee...
Studies with inactivated equine influenza vaccine. 1. Serological responses of ponies to graded doses of vaccine. Serological responses to three bivalent aqueous equine influenza vaccines of different potency and an adjuvanted bivalent vaccine containing inactivated A/equine/Prague/56 (H7N7) and A/equine/Miami/63 (H3N8) viruses, were examined in seronegative ponies. Potencies of the vaccines, measured by single-radial-diffusion tests, ranged from 4 to 56 micrograms of haemagglutinin (HA) antigen activity/virus strain per dose. Serological responses to vaccination were examined by haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and single-radial-haemolysis (SRH) tests. Four weeks after a primary dose, HI responses to bo...
Studies with inactivated equine influenza vaccine. 2. Protection against experimental infection with influenza virus A/equine/Newmarket/79 (H3N8). Forty ponies immunized with inactivated virus vaccine containing A/equine/Miami/63 (H3N8) virus and six unvaccinated, seronegative ponies were experimentally challenged with a representative of recent equine H3N8 virus isolates, A/equine/Newmarket/79. All unvaccinated ponies became infected as judged by virus excretion, febrile responses and antibody responses, but only two of the vaccinated ponies were fully protected. Pre-challenge antibody levels to A/Newmarket/79 virus detected by single radial haemolysis (SRH) correlated well with the degree of clinical protection but the levels required ...
[Genetic research in the field of reproductive pathology and genetic prophylaxis in agricultural animals in the Socialist Republic of Romania]. The paper presents the results of some genetic studies accomplished in Romania in the field of pathology of reproduction in domestic animals (pseudohermaphroditism in horses, testicular hypoplasia in he-goats, intersexuality in pigs, freemartinism and genital infantilism in cattle). Also, the use of the cytogenetic test in genetic prophylaxis in pigs and cattle was shown. In addition, the methods for detecting genitors with undesirable genes were devised and perspectives for the development of hereditary hygiene discussed.
[Economic importance of protecting draft horses used in forestry against blood-sucking dipterous insects]. The adverse effect of blood-sucking dipterous insects (gadflies, gnats, black flies, midges) was determined and checked, as exerted on the working performance of draft horses working in forests; the possibilities of protecting horses with repellents were studied at the same time. The trial was conducted under field conditions in the territory of the Broumov Forest Establishment in the Náchod and Trutnov districts. A 10% water emulsion of the repellent, diethyltoluamide, was used; the horses were treated with the emulsion in a 24-hour interval. Over the seventy working days from the 1st of Jul...
Efficacy of ivermectin in controlling Strongyloides westeri infections in foals. Twenty-eight foals whose dams were treated IM with ivermectin (200 micrograms/kg of body weight) on the day of parturition were compared with 35 foals whose dams were administered only the vehicle. The effect of ivermectin on the vertical transmission of Strongyloides westeri and foal heat diarrhea was determined by a comparison of results obtained in the 2 groups. Foals from treated mares had significantly fewer S westeri eggs per gram of feces from 17 to 28 days postpartum. There were no differences observed in the frequencies of severity of foal heat diarrhea between the treated and control...
Pre-race testing and its role in equine medication control. In general, blood is the only material on which a practical pre-race testing scheme can be based. Blood testing is not as sensitive as urine testing and detects only about 66 per cent of the drugs detectable in urine. Therefore, pre-race blood testing is always performed in conjunction with post race urine testing. Because blood is easily and rapidly drawn, the use of blood samples in all post race testing schemes is recommended. Pre-race testing is also a relatively expensive proposition, but it is the only method which actually prevents the running of an illegally medicated horse.
Respiratory tract immune response to microbial pathogens. Effective resistance to respiratory tract infection depends principally on specific immunity on mucosal surfaces of the upper or lower respiratory tract. Respiratory tract immune response comprises antibody and cell-mediated systems and may be induced most readily by surface presentation of replicating agents but can result from parenteral or local presentation of highly immunogenic antigens. Upper and lower respiratory tract systems differ in immunologic competence, with the lungs having a greater inventory of protective mechanisms than the trachea or nose. Several effective vaccines have bee...
Duration of maternally derived immunity to tetanus and response in newborn foals given tetanus antitoxin. Serum tetanus antitoxin (TAT) concentrations were measured in a group of 30 foals from birth to 4 months of age. Five of 30 foals (16.6%) had serum titers less than 0.01 IU of TAT/ml by 1 month of age. At 2 months of age, 17 of 28 foals (60.7%) had titers less than 0.01 IU/ml. By 3 months of age, 22 of 29 (75.5%) foals tested had titers of less than 0.01 IU/ml. At the age of 4 months, 24 of 29 foals (82.1%) had titers of less than 0.01 IU/ml. The TAT given to foals at birth resulted in an immediate increase in titer when circulating antitoxin was absent or minimal. Titers considered protective...
Enhancement of Naja naja atra antivenin production in horses. As the conventional hyperimmunization schedule in horses introduced by Tanaka could not produce enough neutralizing antibody against Naja naja atra venom, the mixture of Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-Cobra venom incorporated with adjuvant was used for immunization. The neutralizing antibody produced (30 LD50) seemed to be increased but still not to reach the satisfactory level. By using CMC-Cobratoxin adjuvant mixture as an immunizing agent, highly potent antivenin (220 LD50) was obtained.