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Topic:Disease
The study of diseases in horses encompasses a wide range of conditions affecting equine health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and genetic abnormalities. These diseases can impact various systems within the horse, such as respiratory, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal systems, and can lead to significant health challenges. Research in this area focuses on understanding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of equine diseases. Common diseases studied include equine influenza, equine herpesvirus, and laminitis. This page provides access to peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the etiology, clinical presentation, and management strategies of diseases in horses, contributing to the advancement of equine veterinary medicine.
Neospora caninum (Apicomplexa) in an aborted equine fetus. Tachyzoites of Neospora caninum were found in sections of lung of an equine fetus aborted 2 mo before term. Individual tachyzoites were approximately 3-5 x 2-3 microns, divided by endodyogeny, and stained positively with anti-N. caninum serum but not with anti-Toxoplasma gondii serum. Toxoplasma gondii antibody was not found in the mare's serum. This is the first report of N. caninum in a horse and indicates that N. caninum can be transmitted transplacentally in equids.
[The endocrine status of clinically conspicuous mares during the peripartum period]. The aim of the present investigations was to characterize the endocrine changes in the peripheral plasma during the periparturient phase of mares with a known history of obstetrical disorders. Blood plasma samples from 9 mares (8 mares during parturition, 1 mare during abortion) were collected and the following steroid hormones were radioimmunologically determined: progesterone (P4), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), estrone (E1), estrone sulfate (E1-S), estradiol-17 beta (E2), estriol (E3), cortisol and transcortin. In general, with the exception of corti...
Echocardiographic detection of an intact aneurysm in a horse. Two-dimensional real-time echocardiographic examination of a 3-year-old Thoroughbred gelding with pleuropneumonia revealed an intact aneurysm of the right sinus of Valsalva, which was confirmed at postmortem examination. The horse had no clinical signs associated with the aneurysm.
Malignant melanoma in the foot of a horse. A 24-year-old horse had a malignant melanoma of the right forefoot. Because surgical excision of the melanoma was incomplete, as determined by histologic examination of the excised tissue margins, the tumor margins were injected with a matrix therapeutic implant containing cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, epinephrine, and purified bovine collagen matrix. The foot healed and the horse remained clinically free of disease for 26 months before recurrence of malignant melanoma. Surgical exploration of the digit revealed extensive involvement of the foot, and the horse was euthanatized.
Prekallikrein deficiency in a family of Belgian horses. A 7-year-old Belgian stallion hemorrhaged excessively after castration; the hemostatic mechanism was investigated. The horse had normal one-stage prothrombin time and markedly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Results of intrinsic coagulation factor assays were all normal with the exception of prekallikrein activity, which was markedly reduced (less than 1% activity; value for control population, 63 to 150%). Two of this horse's full siblings, a brother and sister, had markedly prolonged APTT and low prekallikrein values (2.5% and less than 1%, respectively). The addition...
Endoscopic diagnosis of unilateral ectopic ureter in a yearling filly. Unilateral ectopic ureter was diagnosed by endoscopic examination in an 18-month-old filly examined because of chronic urine dribbling. Intramuscular administration of azosulfamide discolored the urine and enhanced visualization of the ectopic ureter. Endoscopy proved valuable in determining that only one ureter entered the urinary bladder and in locating the ectopic ureter in the ventral portion of the vagina.
Of Horses and Men: Urticaria. Abstract- Urticarial eruptions, with or without pruritus, are common lesions in horses. The pathogenesis of these lesions can include immunological and other mechanisms. Research in the human field suggests that the mast cell co-ordinates the urticarial response by releasing a complex array of inflammatory mediators. Other cells, including the neutrophil, the eosinophil and the macrophage, may also play a role in the development of wheals. Elucidation of the role of many of these cells and mediators in the evolution of urticaria is only just beginning. Successful treatment of this dermatologic...
Equine post-anesthetic lameness. A retrospective study. The incidence of post-anesthetic lameness in 655 horses undergoing 733 anesthetic episodes over a 3 year period was 6.4%. Nineteen factors previously reported or proposed to play a role in the development of post-anesthetic lameness were evaluated statistically. Only hypotension and the duration of the anesthetic period were significant factors.
[The effect of respiratory activity on the QRS complex in the ECG in clinically healthy horses and horses with chronic lung diseases]. Interrelations between respiration and changes in amplitudes of the QRS-complex of the ECG of horses were investigated. The value of the R-vector and both its components Rx and Ry decrease during inspiration and increase in the expiration phase. It means, that the R-waves in leads from cranial to caudal (y, II, aVF) and from right to left (I) become smaller with inspiration and larger with expiration. The difference of the amplitudes may be important, especially in horses with respiratory problems, so that it has to be noted when evaluating electrocardiograms. For that purpose it is not necess...
[Little-studied parasitic strongylid larvae (Nematoda: Strongylidae) in horses]. Parasitic larvae of 30 strongylid species of horses out of 53 species known for the fauna of the USSR are identified. The paper presents descriptions of 7 earlier unknown phenons of parasitic late 4th-stage larvae, the specific belonging of which in not yet ascertained. The possibility of their identification is discussed.
Nutritionally variant streptococci associated with corneal ulcers in horses: 35 cases (1982-1988). Nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS) are nutritionally deficient viridans streptococci that require pyridoxal for growth. Although NVS are pathogenic in human beings, they have not been considered to be pathogenic in domestic animals. In 1982 and 1983, 24 isolates of NVS were recovered from horses with ulcerative keratitis. A retrospective study was done to determine the incidence of NVS in horses with corneal disease. The medical records of 249 horses (259 eyes) examined for clinical signs of corneal disease were reviewed. Nutritionally variant streptococci were isolated from approximatel...
Ethmoidal hematoma in nine horses. Ethmoidal hematoma was diagnosed in 9 horses by results of physical examination, endoscopy, radiography, and histologic examination of tissues. The horses had stertorous breathing (n = 4) or intermittently sanguineous nasal discharge (n = 7). All horses underwent sinusotomy and extirpation of the lesion. At reexamination 15 to 104 months after surgery (mean, 61 months), 3 horses had recurrence of ethmoidal hematoma, and 1 horse had ethmoidal hematoma involving the contralateral ethmoturbinates. One of the horses with recurrence of ethmoidal hematoma also developed a contralateral lesion; both ...
Attempted Ehrlichia risticii transmission with Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae). Larval Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (n = 327) were fed on Balb/C mice inoculated with Ehrlichia risticii, the etiologic agent of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (Potomac horse fever). All mice displayed clinical signs of E. risticii infection at the time of feeding. After molting, resulting nymphs (n = 74) were fed on susceptible mice. No clinical signs were observed, and the mice remained seronegative for 6 wk after feeding.
Studies of antigenic components in acid extracts of group C streptococci with special reference to Streptococcus equi. For the determination of a species-specific antigen of Streptococcus (S.) equi, acid extracts of group C streptococcal strains from horses (S. equi, S. zooepidemicus, S. equisimilis) were investigated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the immunoblotting technique. Using sera of horses suffering from strangles as well as sera from horses with respiratory infection of unknown etiology, Western blotting yielded more or less multiple banding reactions with bands in the 70, 54, 42, 40, and 31-28 kd molecular weight ranges against extracts of all of the 3 different bacterial species. Howe...
Attempted transmission of Ehrlichia risticii (Rickettsiaceae) with Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae). Experimental transmission of Ehrlichia risticii, the causal agent of Potomac horse fever, was attempted with adult stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans, (L.) using two feeding schedules. In schedule A, a set of 140 flies was allowed to feed once on an experimentally infected donor pony and once 24 h later on a recipient pony. A different set of flies was used each day for a 12-d period. In schedule B, 240 flies were allowed to feed once daily for 12 consecutive d on the donor pony followed by five consecutive daily feedings on the recipient pony. E. risticii was isolated from the blood of the exp...
