Omneity® Pellets
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Topic:Equine Health
Equine health encompasses the study and management of diseases, disorders, and overall well-being of horses. It involves understanding various physiological systems, preventive care, and treatment strategies to maintain optimal health in equine populations. Common areas of focus include nutrition, infectious diseases, orthopedic conditions, and reproductive health. Research in equine health aims to advance knowledge on diagnostic methods, therapeutic interventions, and management practices that improve horse welfare and performance. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse aspects of equine health, offering insights into current findings and advancements in the field.
Evaluation of intradermal mould antigen testing in the diagnosis of equine chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Intradermal end-point titres for commercial aqueous extracts of Micropolyspora faeni, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris and Aspergillus fumigatus were determined in control and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affected horses. The intradermal end-point titres of control and COPD-affected horses were not significantly different and values for individual horses for M. faeni, A. fumigatus and T. vulgaris were not correlated with the pulmonary dysfunction or with the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid neutrophilia which had been induced by previous inhalation challenges with these antigens and by '...
Effects of sample collection and handling on concentration of osteocalcin in equine serum. A commercially available radioimmunoassay kit for measurement of human osteocalcin was validated for use in horses. For accurate measurement of equine serum osteocalcin, blood samples may be collected at a temperature between 20 and 25 C, then centrifuged within 90 minutes; serum may be stored at -20 C in plastic tubes for up to 26 weeks. Serum may be thawed and refrozen up to 5 times without significant change in measured equine serum osteocalcin concentration. Assay sensitivity was 0.16 ng/ml. Recovery of bovine osteocalcin standard added to equine serum was linear. Intra-assay coefficient o...
In-vitro susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs of bacterial isolates from horses in The Netherlands. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 30 antimicrobial agents (including the hitherto unreported antimicrobial agents doxycycline, minocycline, vanomycin, 3 quinolones and 3 combinations of antimicrobial agents) for isolates of Salmonella spp. (20), Escherichia coli (17), Klebsiella spp. (8), Proteus spp. (7), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7), Actinobacillus equuli (5), Rhodococcus equi (4), Streptococcus zooepidemicus (23), Streptococcus equisimilis (6), Streptococcus equi (4), coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp. (20) and Taylorella equigenitalis (19) were determined using the agar dilutio...
Induction of ovulation and superovulation in mares using equine LH and FSH separated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Pharmacological control of reproduction in mares requires the use of equine gonadotrophins to avoid induced immunological resistance. Crude equine gonadotrophins (CEG) have been used but the presence of equine luteinizing hormone (eLH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (eFSH) in CEG has led to disappointing results in superovulation studies. Separation of eLH and eFSH activities from CEG is necessary to overcome this problem. The hydrophobic properties of the two hormones were sufficiently different to permit their separation by hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) on a phenyl Sepharose...
Coccidioides immitis mastitis in a mare. No abstract available
Molecular cloning and expression of an intracellular serpin: an elastase inhibitor from horse leucocytes. Horse blood leucocytes contain an elastase inhibitor (HLEI) belonging to the serpin family. Poly(A)+RNA isolated from these cells was used to construct a cDNA library in lambda gt10, which was first screened with a synthetic degenerate oligonucleotide probe corresponding to the amino acid sequence of the reactive centre of the inhibitor. Three clones were obtained covering the entire coding region of the protein. Sequencing of these clones showed identity with the amino acid sequence obtained from Edman degradation of the elastase inhibitor. The coding sequence of the HLEI cDNA was cloned into...
Enteric neuropathy in horses with grass sickness. The degeneration of enteric neurones has been recorded in grass sickness, but the distribution of the lesions in the gut and their possible relationship with the severity of the clinical signs has not been established. Samples obtained from 11 anatomically defined sites along the gastrointestinal tract of eight control horses without gastrointestinal disease, five horses with acute grass sickness and three horses with chronic grass sickness were examined histologically. The organisation of the enteric ganglia was similar to that in other large mammalian species. Minor exceptions included the p...
[Selected ectoparasitoses in animals]. Selected ectoparasitoses of animals are reviewed with special reference to the situation in Switzerland. The review contains information on the parasitoses leishmaniasis of dogs, parafilariasis of equines and cattle, onchocercosis of cattle and horses, ixodiosis, demodicosis of dogs and scabies of domestic animals, fly infestation, myiasis, and infestation with fleas and black flies (simuliidiosis). In addition to information on prevalence, biology and pathogenic effects of ectoparasites, the review provides indications on diagnosis and control.
Localization of xanthine dehydrogenase mRNA in horse skeletal muscle by in situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labelled probe. In situ hybridization was used to localize xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) mRNA in horse skeletal muscle. Capillary endothelial cells were found to express XDH, but muscle cells did not give any signal. The digoxigenin-labelled probe was produced by PCR with primers based on the cDNA sequence of mouse XDH and horse lung cDNAs. A 4.3 kb mRNA was detected in a Northern blot.
Ultrasonographic appearance of ruptured peroneus tertius in a horse. Ultrasonography was a valuable diagnostic tool for examination of a ruptured peroneus tertius in a horse, because it allowed visualization of the extent of the injury and evaluation of healing prior to return of the horse to athletic activity.
Clinical evaluation of romifidine/ketamine/halothane anaesthesia in horses. Romifidine, 100 micrograms/kg administered by intravenous injection, was evaluated as a premedicant to ketamine/halothane anaesthesia in 60 horses. Sedation developed within one to two minutes. In three cases mild staggering occurred within two minutes. Anaesthesia was induced after five minutes by the intravenous administration of ketamine (2 to 2.2 mg/kg). A mean time of 79 seconds elapsed before lateral recumbency was adopted. Fifty-four of the horses sank smoothly to the floor, with occasional steps sideways. Jaw tone, limb rigidity and mild muscle tremors often persisted for short periods...
[Equine rhinopneumonitis: molecular epidemiology and diagnosis by molecular probes prepared from organs]. The authors briefly review the clinical forms of equine rhinopneumonitis and indicate changes in the nomenclature of equine herpesviral infections. The value of restriction profiles for epidemiological studies is described, taking as an example the strains of virus isolated in France. A technique is given for preparing molecular probes, as well as the application of these probes in direct diagnosis from biological specimens.
An occurrence of equine transport pneumonia caused by mixed infection with Pasteurella caballi, Streptococcus suis and Streptococcus zooepidemicus. An acute death occurred in a racehorse with pneumonia after long-distance transportation in December, 1990. Pasteurella caballi, Streptococcus suis and Streptococcus zooepidemicus were isolated from the lung at high rate. Specific antigens of these bacteria were also demonstrated immunohistologically in the pneumonic lesion. These findings indicated that the disease is equine transport pneumonia caused by a mixed infection of the three bacterial species. This is the first report on the isolation of P. caballi and S. suis from a racehorse in Japan.
Suspected red maple (Acer rubrum) toxicosis with abortion in two Percheron mares. Horses develop severe and often fatal hemolytic anemia after ingesting dried leaves from red maple (Acer rubrum) trees. Toxicosis appears related to an unknown oxidant present in the dried or wilted leaves. This case report describes 2 horses that aborted and developed fatal hemolytic anemia after consuming wilted leaves from red maple (Acer rubrum). While an absolute diagnosis was not confirmed due to lack of proper antemortem and postmortem examinations, red maple toxicosis appeared a reasonable diagnosis based on clinical signs and laboratory findings. Other differentials include equine inf...
[Foal diseases and foal loss]. An investigation was carried out upon occurrence and course of infectious and non infectious diseases as well as the mortality in foals born and raised at the State Stud Marbach/Lauter between 1982 and 1991. The foals have been investigated from birth to weaning, they consisted of 177 Thoroughbred Arabians and 285 German Warmblood foals (total 462 foals). The diseases were divided into pre-, peri- and postnatal according to their known or assumed cause and onset. There was a preponderance of prenatal diseases (11.25%) whereas the perinatal rate was 1.30% and the postnatal rate of diseases was ...
Gastric pH monitoring in healthy, suckling pony foals. Gastric pH was monitored in neonatal foals from birth to 3 months of age. Background pH decreased, especially during the first week of life. Milk had complex effects that depended on pH prior to sucking, confounded by the age of the foal: nearly neutral background pH tended to be acidified after milk intake; moderately acid background pH tended to be neutralized; low background pH was only slightly increased by milk. Absolute magnitude of the effects of milk decreased with age. Existence of a proulcerative intragastric environment in preweaning foals is postulated, but this must be considered ...
Different in vitro metabolism of 7 alpha-methyl-19-nortestosterone by human and equine aromatases. The ability of human and equine placental microsomes to aromatize 7 alpha-methyl-19-nortestosterone (MNT) was studied. Kinetic analysis indicates that MNT shares the androgen-binding site of human and equine placental microsomal aromatases. Human placental microsomal estrogen synthetase had about a 2.5-fold higher relative affinity for MNT than the equine placental enzyme (KiMNT/Km androstenedione of 32 versus 87). However, MNT was not metabolized by human placental microsomes, whereas it was very actively metabolized by equine placental microsomes. Further studies using purified equine cytoch...
Furosemide attenuates the exercise-induced increase in pulmonary artery wedge pressure in horses. Right atrial (RA), right ventricular (RV), pulmonary artery (PA), and pulmonary artery wedge (PAW) pressures were examined, using catheter-mounted micromanometers, in 8 healthy horses at rest and during galloping on a treadmill at belt speeds of 8, 10, and 13 m/s. The in vivo signals from the micromanometers were matched with those from conventional fluid-filled catheter transducers leveled at the scapulohumeral joint. Thirty minutes after completing control exercise measurements, furosemide was administered IV at a dosage of 1 mg/kg of body weight, and resting, as well as exercise, measuremen...
The effect of cortisol on the secretion of ACTH by anterior pituitary cells of the horse in culture. Perifused equine anterior pituitary cells were used to investigate the effect of cortisol on the ACTH response to pulses of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH; 0.01 nmol/l) and arginine vasopressin (AVP; 100 nmol/l), given for 5 min every 30 min for 690 min and ACTH measured in 5-min fractions. At the fourth pulse of secretagogue (0 min), a constant perifusion with cortisol began (0 nmol/l (control), 100, 200, 500, 5000 and 50,000 nmol/l) and continued until the ninth pulse (150 min). For each pulse of secretagogue, the amount of ACTH (pmol) secreted in response to each pulse (ACTH response...
In vitro concentrative accumulation of D-xylose by jejunum from horses and rabbits. Accumulation of D-xylose by jejunal mucosa from healthy horses and rabbits was studied in vitro. When tissue sheets were incubated with 1 mM D-xylose for 60 minutes, mucosa from horses and rabbits accumulated D-xylose against a concentration gradient. There was no accumulation when equine specimens were incubated with 5 mM D-xylose. By comparison, equine jejunum accumulated D-glucose against a concentration gradient when incubated in 5 mM D-glucose. In equine and rabbit jejunum, 13.3 +/- 7.0% and 36 +/- 11.0%, respectively, of accumulated D-xylose was phosphorylated when sheets were incubated ...
Neuropeptide distributions in the colon, cecum, and jejunum of the horse. The pelvic flexure portion of the equine large colon is the proposed location of a pacemaker mechanism. This study was conducted to ascertain whether the distribution of certain putative neurotransmitters differs at the pelvic flexure compared to other sampling sites. Tissue samples were collected from the intestinal tracts of six horses. Serial sections from these samples were reacted with primary antisera specific for substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), methionine-Enkephalin, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). The regional distribution of immunoreactive neuronal el...
Critical tests of thiabendazole, oxibendazole, and oxfendazole for drug resistance of population-B equine small strongyles (1989 and 1990). Critical tests were conducted in horses (n = 11) with naturally acquired infections of benzimidazole (BZ)-resistant population-B small strongyles in 1989 and 1990. Anthelmintics administered were thiabendazole (44 mg/kg of body weight, n = 4), oxibendazole (10 mg/kg, n = 3), and oxfendazole (OFZ, 10 mg/kg; n = 4). All compounds were paste formulations administered orally except for 1 of the OFZ treatments, which was a suspension formulation given by stomach tube. Aggregate mean efficacy was calculated for all species of small strongyles, drug-resistant and non-resistant. The highest efficacy w...
[Bilateral blindness after injury in a riding horse]. Bilateral blindness was diagnosed in a 5-year-old Hanoverian gelding presented for evaluation of a corneal opacity in one eye. About 12 months prior to the examination, the gelding had fallen head over, hitting his head and the cornea. Clinical and electroretinographic findings as well as pathohistologic and ultrastructural lesions of both eyes including the optic nerves are presented. Ophthalmoscopically visible pigment disruption of the non-tapetal fundus adjacent to the optic discs correlated morphologically with foci of degeneration and atrophy of the retina, whereas ophthalmoscopically vi...
