Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Equine Health
Equine health encompasses the study and management of diseases, disorders, and overall well-being of horses. It involves understanding various physiological systems, preventive care, and treatment strategies to maintain optimal health in equine populations. Common areas of focus include nutrition, infectious diseases, orthopedic conditions, and reproductive health. Research in equine health aims to advance knowledge on diagnostic methods, therapeutic interventions, and management practices that improve horse welfare and performance. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse aspects of equine health, offering insights into current findings and advancements in the field.
Lateral patellar luxation in miniature horses. Bilateral luxation of the patella in four Miniature Horses was corrected by a lateral release incision and medial imbrication of the parapatellar fascia to the tendon of the sartorius muscle. Before surgery, the four horses had a grade 3 to 4 lateral patellar luxation bilaterally and had difficulty walking. Trochlear ridge hypoplasia was evident on radiographs in each horse. Follow-up information varied from 11 months to 4 years after surgery. Three horses had no patellar luxation or lameness. The other horse had a normal right stifle, but patellar luxation (grade 3) had recurred on the left.
Coccidioides immitis mastitis in a mare. No abstract available
Phylogenetic position of Taylorella equigenitalis determined by analysis of amplified 16S ribosomal DNA sequences. The 16S ribosomal DNA sequence of Taylorella equigenitalis (formerly Haemophilus equigenitalis), the causative organism of contagious equine metritis, was determined. A phylogenetic analysis of this sequence revealed a phylogenetic position of T. equigenitalis in the beta subclass of the class Proteobacteria apart from the position of Haemophilus influenzae, which belongs to the gamma subclass of Proteobacteria. A close phylogenetic relationship among T. equigenitalis, Alcaligenes xylosoxidans, and Bordetella bronchiseptica was detected; Spirillum volutans and Chromobacterium fluviatile (Iodob...
Leptospirosis in equine fetuses, stillborn foals, and placentas. Leptospirosis was diagnosed in 51 equine fetuses and 16 stillborn foals with gestational ages from 3 1/2 to 11 months. Diagnosis was based on one or more of the following: positive fetal antibody titer, positive fluorescent antibody test, demonstration of spirochetes in kidney and/or placental sections stained by the Warthin-Starry technique, high leptospiral titers in aborting mares, or isolation of Leptospira spp. from fetal organs. Gross lesions were observed in 80.3% of the fetuses, stillborn foals, and placentas. Gross placental lesions included nodular cystic allantoic masses, edema, are...
Effect of temperature, duration of storage and sampling procedure on ammonia concentration in equine blood plasma. The effect of storage duration at different storage temperatures on the plasma ammonia concentration of equine EDTA whole blood, EDTA plasma and heparin plasma samples was investigated. Further, the effect of jugular vein compression before and during blood sampling on the plasma ammonia values was evaluated. In EDTA whole blood kept at 4 degrees C there was no significant increase of ammonia content after 6 hours of storage, whereas the increase was already significant 3 hours after collection if the EDTA whole blood was kept at 20-22 degrees C. EDTA plasma samples stored at 20-22 degrees C, ...
Immunohistochemical study to demonstrate Sarcocystis neurona in equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. A 5-year (1985-1989) retrospective immunohistochemical study was conducted using an avidin-biotin complex (ABC) immunoperoxidase method to demonstrate Sarcocystis neurona in histologically suspect cases of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). Primary antibodies against S. neurona and S. cruzi were utilized for the ABC technique. The findings were compared with those from cases in which the organisms were detected by examination of hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained neuronal sections. HE-stained sections detected the presence of the organisms in 20% of the suspect cases; whereas the ABC te...
Polycystic hepatic disease, thoracic granular cell tumor and secondary hypertrophic osteopathy in a horse. A 13-year-old American Saddlebred mare was presented with a 4-day history of anorexia. Physical examination revealed increased inspiratory effort and bony enlargement of the distal limbs. Radiographs indicated a thoracic mass and periosteal proliferations on the distal limbs consistent with hypertrophic osteopathy. Gastric endoscopy revealed distal esophageal and gastric ulceration, and functional pyloric stenosis. Abdominal ultrasonographic examination revealed multiple large, cystic structures associated with the liver. A percutaneous biopsy indicated the thoracic mass to be a granular cell ...
Enteric neuropathy in horses with grass sickness. The degeneration of enteric neurones has been recorded in grass sickness, but the distribution of the lesions in the gut and their possible relationship with the severity of the clinical signs has not been established. Samples obtained from 11 anatomically defined sites along the gastrointestinal tract of eight control horses without gastrointestinal disease, five horses with acute grass sickness and three horses with chronic grass sickness were examined histologically. The organisation of the enteric ganglia was similar to that in other large mammalian species. Minor exceptions included the p...
[Selected ectoparasitoses in animals]. Selected ectoparasitoses of animals are reviewed with special reference to the situation in Switzerland. The review contains information on the parasitoses leishmaniasis of dogs, parafilariasis of equines and cattle, onchocercosis of cattle and horses, ixodiosis, demodicosis of dogs and scabies of domestic animals, fly infestation, myiasis, and infestation with fleas and black flies (simuliidiosis). In addition to information on prevalence, biology and pathogenic effects of ectoparasites, the review provides indications on diagnosis and control.
Localization of xanthine dehydrogenase mRNA in horse skeletal muscle by in situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labelled probe. In situ hybridization was used to localize xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) mRNA in horse skeletal muscle. Capillary endothelial cells were found to express XDH, but muscle cells did not give any signal. The digoxigenin-labelled probe was produced by PCR with primers based on the cDNA sequence of mouse XDH and horse lung cDNAs. A 4.3 kb mRNA was detected in a Northern blot.
Ultrasonographic appearance of ruptured peroneus tertius in a horse. Ultrasonography was a valuable diagnostic tool for examination of a ruptured peroneus tertius in a horse, because it allowed visualization of the extent of the injury and evaluation of healing prior to return of the horse to athletic activity.
Clinical evaluation of romifidine/ketamine/halothane anaesthesia in horses. Romifidine, 100 micrograms/kg administered by intravenous injection, was evaluated as a premedicant to ketamine/halothane anaesthesia in 60 horses. Sedation developed within one to two minutes. In three cases mild staggering occurred within two minutes. Anaesthesia was induced after five minutes by the intravenous administration of ketamine (2 to 2.2 mg/kg). A mean time of 79 seconds elapsed before lateral recumbency was adopted. Fifty-four of the horses sank smoothly to the floor, with occasional steps sideways. Jaw tone, limb rigidity and mild muscle tremors often persisted for short periods...
[Equine rhinopneumonitis: molecular epidemiology and diagnosis by molecular probes prepared from organs]. The authors briefly review the clinical forms of equine rhinopneumonitis and indicate changes in the nomenclature of equine herpesviral infections. The value of restriction profiles for epidemiological studies is described, taking as an example the strains of virus isolated in France. A technique is given for preparing molecular probes, as well as the application of these probes in direct diagnosis from biological specimens.
An occurrence of equine transport pneumonia caused by mixed infection with Pasteurella caballi, Streptococcus suis and Streptococcus zooepidemicus. An acute death occurred in a racehorse with pneumonia after long-distance transportation in December, 1990. Pasteurella caballi, Streptococcus suis and Streptococcus zooepidemicus were isolated from the lung at high rate. Specific antigens of these bacteria were also demonstrated immunohistologically in the pneumonic lesion. These findings indicated that the disease is equine transport pneumonia caused by a mixed infection of the three bacterial species. This is the first report on the isolation of P. caballi and S. suis from a racehorse in Japan.
Suspected red maple (Acer rubrum) toxicosis with abortion in two Percheron mares. Horses develop severe and often fatal hemolytic anemia after ingesting dried leaves from red maple (Acer rubrum) trees. Toxicosis appears related to an unknown oxidant present in the dried or wilted leaves. This case report describes 2 horses that aborted and developed fatal hemolytic anemia after consuming wilted leaves from red maple (Acer rubrum). While an absolute diagnosis was not confirmed due to lack of proper antemortem and postmortem examinations, red maple toxicosis appeared a reasonable diagnosis based on clinical signs and laboratory findings. Other differentials include equine inf...
[Foal diseases and foal loss]. An investigation was carried out upon occurrence and course of infectious and non infectious diseases as well as the mortality in foals born and raised at the State Stud Marbach/Lauter between 1982 and 1991. The foals have been investigated from birth to weaning, they consisted of 177 Thoroughbred Arabians and 285 German Warmblood foals (total 462 foals). The diseases were divided into pre-, peri- and postnatal according to their known or assumed cause and onset. There was a preponderance of prenatal diseases (11.25%) whereas the perinatal rate was 1.30% and the postnatal rate of diseases was ...
Gastric pH monitoring in healthy, suckling pony foals. Gastric pH was monitored in neonatal foals from birth to 3 months of age. Background pH decreased, especially during the first week of life. Milk had complex effects that depended on pH prior to sucking, confounded by the age of the foal: nearly neutral background pH tended to be acidified after milk intake; moderately acid background pH tended to be neutralized; low background pH was only slightly increased by milk. Absolute magnitude of the effects of milk decreased with age. Existence of a proulcerative intragastric environment in preweaning foals is postulated, but this must be considered ...
Different in vitro metabolism of 7 alpha-methyl-19-nortestosterone by human and equine aromatases. The ability of human and equine placental microsomes to aromatize 7 alpha-methyl-19-nortestosterone (MNT) was studied. Kinetic analysis indicates that MNT shares the androgen-binding site of human and equine placental microsomal aromatases. Human placental microsomal estrogen synthetase had about a 2.5-fold higher relative affinity for MNT than the equine placental enzyme (KiMNT/Km androstenedione of 32 versus 87). However, MNT was not metabolized by human placental microsomes, whereas it was very actively metabolized by equine placental microsomes. Further studies using purified equine cytoch...
Furosemide attenuates the exercise-induced increase in pulmonary artery wedge pressure in horses. Right atrial (RA), right ventricular (RV), pulmonary artery (PA), and pulmonary artery wedge (PAW) pressures were examined, using catheter-mounted micromanometers, in 8 healthy horses at rest and during galloping on a treadmill at belt speeds of 8, 10, and 13 m/s. The in vivo signals from the micromanometers were matched with those from conventional fluid-filled catheter transducers leveled at the scapulohumeral joint. Thirty minutes after completing control exercise measurements, furosemide was administered IV at a dosage of 1 mg/kg of body weight, and resting, as well as exercise, measuremen...
The effect of cortisol on the secretion of ACTH by anterior pituitary cells of the horse in culture. Perifused equine anterior pituitary cells were used to investigate the effect of cortisol on the ACTH response to pulses of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH; 0.01 nmol/l) and arginine vasopressin (AVP; 100 nmol/l), given for 5 min every 30 min for 690 min and ACTH measured in 5-min fractions. At the fourth pulse of secretagogue (0 min), a constant perifusion with cortisol began (0 nmol/l (control), 100, 200, 500, 5000 and 50,000 nmol/l) and continued until the ninth pulse (150 min). For each pulse of secretagogue, the amount of ACTH (pmol) secreted in response to each pulse (ACTH response...
In vitro concentrative accumulation of D-xylose by jejunum from horses and rabbits. Accumulation of D-xylose by jejunal mucosa from healthy horses and rabbits was studied in vitro. When tissue sheets were incubated with 1 mM D-xylose for 60 minutes, mucosa from horses and rabbits accumulated D-xylose against a concentration gradient. There was no accumulation when equine specimens were incubated with 5 mM D-xylose. By comparison, equine jejunum accumulated D-glucose against a concentration gradient when incubated in 5 mM D-glucose. In equine and rabbit jejunum, 13.3 +/- 7.0% and 36 +/- 11.0%, respectively, of accumulated D-xylose was phosphorylated when sheets were incubated ...
Neuropeptide distributions in the colon, cecum, and jejunum of the horse. The pelvic flexure portion of the equine large colon is the proposed location of a pacemaker mechanism. This study was conducted to ascertain whether the distribution of certain putative neurotransmitters differs at the pelvic flexure compared to other sampling sites. Tissue samples were collected from the intestinal tracts of six horses. Serial sections from these samples were reacted with primary antisera specific for substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), methionine-Enkephalin, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). The regional distribution of immunoreactive neuronal el...
Critical tests of thiabendazole, oxibendazole, and oxfendazole for drug resistance of population-B equine small strongyles (1989 and 1990). Critical tests were conducted in horses (n = 11) with naturally acquired infections of benzimidazole (BZ)-resistant population-B small strongyles in 1989 and 1990. Anthelmintics administered were thiabendazole (44 mg/kg of body weight, n = 4), oxibendazole (10 mg/kg, n = 3), and oxfendazole (OFZ, 10 mg/kg; n = 4). All compounds were paste formulations administered orally except for 1 of the OFZ treatments, which was a suspension formulation given by stomach tube. Aggregate mean efficacy was calculated for all species of small strongyles, drug-resistant and non-resistant. The highest efficacy w...
[Bilateral blindness after injury in a riding horse]. Bilateral blindness was diagnosed in a 5-year-old Hanoverian gelding presented for evaluation of a corneal opacity in one eye. About 12 months prior to the examination, the gelding had fallen head over, hitting his head and the cornea. Clinical and electroretinographic findings as well as pathohistologic and ultrastructural lesions of both eyes including the optic nerves are presented. Ophthalmoscopically visible pigment disruption of the non-tapetal fundus adjacent to the optic discs correlated morphologically with foci of degeneration and atrophy of the retina, whereas ophthalmoscopically vi...
