Omneity® Pellets
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Topic:Equine Health
Equine health encompasses the study and management of diseases, disorders, and overall well-being of horses. It involves understanding various physiological systems, preventive care, and treatment strategies to maintain optimal health in equine populations. Common areas of focus include nutrition, infectious diseases, orthopedic conditions, and reproductive health. Research in equine health aims to advance knowledge on diagnostic methods, therapeutic interventions, and management practices that improve horse welfare and performance. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse aspects of equine health, offering insights into current findings and advancements in the field.
The conformational transition of horse heart porphyrin c. The heme iron of horse heart cytochrome c was selectively removed using anhydrous HF. The product, porphyrin c, exhibits the viscosity, far ultraviolet circular dichroic, and fluorescence properties characteristic for native cytochrome c. However, porphyrin c is more susceptible to denaturation by guanidine hydrochloride and by heat than is the parent cytochrome. All of the conformational parameters of porphyrin c exhibit a common reversible transition centered at 0.95 m guanidine hydrochloride at 23 degrees C and pH 7.0. Guanidine denatured porphyrin c refolds in two kinetic phases having tim...
Biochemical constituents of cerebrospinal fluid in premature and full term foals. Total protein content and a variety of enzyme activities and electrolyte values were determined in 73 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 66 horses and ponies. The foals (48) were divided into 3 categories-spontaneously delivered normal foals (Group A), full term induced normal foals (Group B) and premature induced non-surviving foals (Group C). CSF samples from a group of 18 normal adults (Group D) were included for comparison. Paired serum and CSF samples were collected on 32 occasions and subjected to similar analyses. CSF sodium and chloride were always higher than serum sodium and chlo...
3-methylindole-induced pulmonary toxicosis in ponies. In unanesthetized ponies, arterial blood gas tensions, pulmonary mechanics, and lung volumes were determined before and 24 to 48 hours after oral administration of 500 ml of corn oil or 100 mg of 3-methylindole (3MI)/kg of body weight in 500 ml of corn oil. In the latter group, variables were also measured after bilateral cervical vagotomy. Respiratory rate and minute ventilation were increased by 3MI treatment and decreased after vagotomy, suggesting that the tachypnea induced by 3MI was vagally mediated. The arterial O2 tension (PaO2) was unaffected but arterial CO2 tension (PaCO2) decreased...
Isolation and characterization of beta- and gamma-caseins from horse milk. Three groups of casein components were isolated from horse milk. Group I is almost insoluble at acid and neutral pH, and is rather heterogeneous on alkaline gels with or without sodium dodecyl sulphate. Group II shows strong similarity to beta-casein from other species, as concluded from its amino acid composition and its N- and C-terminal sequences. This group consists of five electrophoretically distinguishable forms, all containing ester phosphate groups but no carbohydrate. Group III is composed of C-terminal fragments of the beta-like (group II) fraction and probably arises from the actio...
Radiographic characterization of diaphragmatic excursion in halothane-anesthetized ponies: spontaneous and controlled ventilation systems. A radiograph technique for identification of diaphragmatic segments and quantitation of their contribution to total diaphragmatic function was developed. five anesthetized ponies were studied on 3 separate occasions. Studies were made of the ponies in left lateral recumbency at 2 anesthetic levels (1 and 2 minimal alveolar anesthetic concentrations; halothane) and under spontaneous and controlled ventilation systems. General pattern of diaphragmatic displacement was unchanged by increased depth of anesthesia. Controlled ventilation altered the pattern of diaphragmatic displacement. Diaphragmat...
The concept of osmolality: its use in the evaluation of “dehydration” in the horse. Osmolality is an indication of the osmotic pressure of plasma and depends on the amount of solute and solvent (water) present. The mean (+sd) plasma osmolality of 100 clinically normal animals was 282 (+6) mOsm/kg using lithium heparin as anticoagulant. The equation, osmolality=1.86 (sodium + potassium) +glucose +blood urea nitrogen + 9, was found to predict only crudely plasma osmolality. The plasma sodium: osmolality ratio was 0.49. Water and electrolyte disorders are classified into 3 types based on the measurement of electrolytes and osmolality: (1) Hypertonic dehydration (true dehydration...
Protein utilisation in response to caecal corn starch in ponies. The influence of administering caecal corn starch (0.0, 0.2, 0.4 or 0.6 g/kg body weight/day) on protein utilisation in 4 ponies was analysed with a latin square experimental design. The basal diet was dehydrated alfalfa pellets. Determinations were made of nitrogen retention, protein and dry matter digestions, total plasma protein, plasma urea nitrogen, plasma ammonia and plasma-free amino acids. Twice daily administration of corn starch into the caecum resulted in an increased nitrogen retention (P less than 0.01). Maximum nitrogen retention was observed with the caecal administration of 0.4...
Urinary production in the healthy horse and in horses deprived of feed and water. Total daily 24-hour urinary output was obtained from 11 healthy horses fed alfalfa hay with free access to salt during periods of high environmental temperatures. Daily urinary volume averaged 15.6 L, with mean specific gravity of 1.028, osmolality of 1,040 mOsm/kg, and urinary flow rate of 1.24 ml/kg/hr. Total 24-hour sample collections of urine were also obtained from horses held without access to feed or water for periods of 24, 48, and 72 hours during high environmental temperatures. Average urine production under these conditions was 6.3 L during the 1st day; 3.2 L, the 2nd day; and 3.0 L...
Pulmonary function tests in standing ponies: reproducibility and effect of vagal blockade. Arterial blood gas tensions, pulmonary mechanics, and lung volumes were measured in 4 sedated ponies every hour for 6 hours and in 5 ponies 4 times at 2-month intervals to assess the short- and long-term reproducibility of pulmonary function measurements. Variability in blood gas tensions was small over the short- and long-term measurement periods, whereas the variability in total respiratory resistance and functional residual capacity was small over the short term but larger over the long term. The variability in tidal volume, minute ventilation, respiratory rate, and dynamic and quasistatic ...
Experimental subacute foal pneumonia induced by aerosol administration of Corynebacterium equi. Subacute pyogranulomatous pneumonia was experimentally induced in 3 neonatal foals following multiple challenge with aerosols containing Corynebacterium equi. On each of 7 consecutive days the foals were exposed to approximately 3.5 X 10(7) viable C equi in droplets small enough to reach the terminal airways. Clinical, pathological and bacteriological features of the induced syndrome were indistinguishable from those exhibited by cases with spontaneous subacute C equi foal pneumonia. Radiographic evidence of advanced pulmonary damage preceded the appearance of clinical signs and ante mortem cu...
Pancreatic colipase: crystallographic and biochemical aspects. A detailed study of the crystallization of hog and horse colipases has been undertaken. Several crystallographic varieties have been obtained and a 0.3-nm resolution structure determination is actually in progress. The sequence of the A form of horse colipase (one methionine) is given. From spectrophotometric experiments and sequence comparisons, the involvement of the aromatic residue in position 52 in the micelle binding site has been demonstrated.
Assessment of the calcium and phosphorus nutrition in horses by analysis of urine. Studied were made to determine if a practical assessment of the calcium and phosphorus nutrition of horses could be obtained from an analysis of urine samples. The concentrations of Ca and P in urine samples changed markedly when groups of 4 mares were fed diets containing from 1.0 to 3.9 g Ca/kg and from 1.5 to 6.1 g P/kg, but serum concentrations of Ca and P remained relatively constant. The concentrations in single urine samples were considered unreliable indicators of excretion of the minerals because of variations in water excretion, and two methods to overcome this problem were examined....
Equine abortion associated with Enterobacter agglomerans. During a 20 month period Enterobacter agglomerans was
isolated from 17 cases of equine abortion. In 8 cases E
agglomerans was isolated in pure culture and in 9 cases it was
isolated in mixed culture from the foetus and/or foetal
membranes. Fifteen cases had histological evidence of foetal
infection and/or placentitis.
The occurrence of E agglomerans in pure culture, associated
with inflammatory lesions in the foetus and foetal membranes,
suggests it to be a cause of abortion in mares.
Intussusception associated with Anoplocephala perfoliata infection in five horses. Intussusception associated with Anoplocephala perfoliata infection was found in 5 horses. The unusual types of intussusception and the presence of tapeworms at the leading edge of the intussuscipiens suggested tapeworms as the cause of the problem. Lesions attributable to tapeworm attachment on the mucosa were found to fit a mechanical model of intussusception. Treatment of two of the horses and some of their pasturemates with pyrantel pamoate caused elimination of intact tapeworms.
Innervation of the equine intrinsic laryngeal muscles. The nerve supply to the intrinsic laryngeal muscles of the horse was studied by gross dissection and by electromyography which was carried out before, during and after section of various intralaryngeal nerve branches. The anatomical relationships and passage of the laryngeal nerves throughout the larynx were defined. Unlike the dog and man there was no evidence of the passage of motor nerve fibres from one side of the larynx to the other.
Split-thickness autogenous skin transplantation in the horse. Single or multiple split-thickness autogenous skin transplants were applied to 20 limb wounds of 17 horses. The surface area of the wounds ranged from 25 to 200 sq cm. Grafts 0.635-mm thick were collected by use of an electric dermatome and were expanded on a mesh dermatome. The expanded mesh grafts were applied to wounds on 3 horses 4 days after injury. For the other 14 horses, grafts were applied after a granulation tissue bed had formed. The grafts were secured to the recipient beds with sutures and a dressing composed of a foam pad and elastic adhesive tape or with the dressing alone. Furt...
Antigenic stimulation of T lymphocytes in chronic nononcogenic retrovirus infection: equine infectious anemia. Equine infectious anemia is a chronic disease of horses caused by a nononcogenic retrovirus. Studies were undertaken to determine the types of cells involved in the in vitro lymphoproliferative response to viral antigens and the dynamics of this reaction. It was observed that reactive lymphocytes were present at unpredictable times in the peripheral blood of infected horses. This reaction was shown to be specific for the interaction of equine infectious anemia virus and T lymphocytes. Enriched B-lymphocyte populations did not divide when exposed to equine infectious anemia virus. Macrophages w...
