Topic:Filly
Fillies are young female horses, typically under the age of four, that exhibit distinct physiological and behavioral characteristics compared to mature mares and stallions. As they transition from foals to adulthood, fillies undergo significant growth and developmental changes, which can influence their nutritional requirements, health management, and training protocols. Horses, in general, are large, herbivorous mammals known for their speed, strength, and versatility, playing important roles in various human activities, including sport, work, and companionship. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the development, health, behavior, and management of fillies and horses across different life stages and environments.
Further cases of equine sex chromosome abnormalities. Sex chromosome abnormalities have been detected in a further five mares with clinical histories of small ovaries and absent or irregular oestrous cycles. Three mares had 63,XO karyotypes (X monosomy) and two were sex chromosome mosaics with karyotypes of 63,XO/64,XY and 63,XO/64,XX/64,XY respectively. A sex chromosome abnormality (X monosomy) has also been found in a filly where it was suspected because of her short stature.
Intracranial schwannoma in a horse. A case of intracranial schwannoma is described in a young horse. Clinical signs developed slowly and were suggestive of a lesion involving the left cerebrum. The filly exhibited a change in mentation, and circled to the left. Visual impairment and decreased facial sensation were noted on the right side. A solitary schwannoma which compressed the left cerebrum was found at necropsy.
Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with erythrocytosis and hypoglycemia in a yearling filly. A yearling Arabian-type filly with a history of poor growth, erythrocytosis, hypoglycemia, and high liver enzyme activities was admitted to the hospital for evaluation. Three days after admission, the filly collapsed, deteriorated rapidly despite treatment, and was euthanatized. A metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma with capsular rupture and hemoperitoneum were found at necropsy. Primary liver tumors are rare in horses, and hepatocellular carcinoma has been reported in only 1 other horse. The systemic manifestations of the tumor in this filly included weakness, weight loss, inappetence, erythr...
Regression of hypertrophic osteopathy in a filly following successful management of an intrathoracic abscess. The research paper documents a case of Hypertrophic Osteopathy (HO) in a young Arabian horse, where response to treatment and significant regression of the disease following management of an intrathoracic […]
Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary histoplasmosis in a horse. A 2-year-old Trakehner filly with pulmonary histoplasmosis is presented. Clinical signs included weight loss, intermittent fever, dyspnea and depression. Diagnosis was based on thoracic radiography, transtracheal wash cytology and lung aspirate cytology. A 5-week regimen of Amphotercin-B administered intravenously resulted in clinical recovery and return of the animal to normal activity. A brief review of histoplasmosis in man and animal is included.
Effect of maternal treatment with altrenogest on age at puberty, hormone concentrations, pituitary response to exogenous GnRH, oestrous cycle characteristics and fertility of fillies. Puberty was studied using 15 fillies of Quarter Horse phenotype. Fillies were from dams treated daily from Days 20 to 325 of gestation with: (1) 2 ml neobee oil per 50 kg body weight (controls); or (2) 2 ml altrenogest (2.2 mg/ml) per 50 kg body weight. The clitoris was measured at birth and approximately every 12 weeks until 84 weeks of age. Blood samples were collected from 9 fillies (5 treated, 4 controls) every 4 days over a 28-day period at 8-week intervals from 4 to 68 weeks of age; sampling continued every 4 days after 72 weeks of age until first oestrus. Blood samples were collected da...
Internal fixation of a transverse scapular neck fracture in a filly. A 3-week-old Standardbred filly had a non-weightbearing forelimb lameness caused by scapular neck fracture. The fracture was repaired with 2 dynamic compression plates placed 90 degrees to each other. A 10-hole 4.5-mm narrow dynamic compression plate was placed on the cranial aspect of the scapular spine, and a 10-hole 3.5-mm dynamic compression plate was placed caudal to the scapular spine. One year after surgery, the filly was not lame when exercising in the pasture, and muscle atrophy was not evident on the affected limb. Eighteen months after surgery, the filly was in race training with no...
Percutaneous nephrostomy in short-term management of ureterolithiasis and renal dysfunction in a filly. Percutaneous nephrostomy was used to provide urine output in a 3-year-old Thoroughbred filly with azotemia and obstructive ureterolithiasis. Previous left ureteral surgery had failed to provide clinical improvement, and the filly became more azotemic. Nephrostomy was performed in the standing patient, with ultrasonographic guidance and local anesthesia. Continuing IV fluid therapy and diuresis through the nephrostomy tube resulted in a decrease in clinical signs of azotemia. However, the filly developed a cecal impaction, which ruptured during surgery because of colic, and was euthanatized.
Guttural pouch tympany: 15 cases (1977-1986). From 1977 to 1986, guttural pouch tympany was diagnosed in 15 horses--11 fillies and 4 colts. Review of the medical records provided results of physical, microbiologic, radiographic, and endoscopic examinations, treatment protocols, complications, and recovery rate. All affected horses had visible swelling in the parotid gland region, 9 had abnormal respiratory noise, 5 had pneumonia, and 1 had dysphagia. Six horses were treated by median septum fenestration alone, and in 8 horses, this procedure was combined with resection of the mucosal flap at the pharyngeal orifice of the eustachian tube. ...
Atresia of the right atrioventricular orifice with complete transposition of the great arteries in a horse. The heart of a 6-week old Arabian filly with a history of poor health and exercise intolerance revealed at postmortem examination, multiple cardiac malformations which included atresia of the right atrioventricular orifice (tricuspid atresia, with associated atrial and ventricular septal defects), complete transposition of the great arteries, anomalous drainage of the venae cavae and coronary sinus into the left atrium, coarctation of the aorta, and a small but patent ductus arteriosus. The course of blood through the heart was suggested and discussed.
Plasma plasminogen concentrations in clinically normal horses: the effect of age, sex and pregnancy. Plasma concentrations of plasminogen were determined in 28 clinically normal horses, including 13 adult geldings, five non-pregnant mares, five pregnant mares and five yearlings (two fillies, three geldings). Plasminogen was quantitated by a chromogenic assay based on activation of plasmin by excess urokinase. The overall mean plasma plasminogen for these horses was 2.94 +/- 0.54 CTA units (casein units, as defined by the Committee on Thrombolytic Agents) per ml. There were no significant differences in mean plasma plasminogen values among adult geldings, non-pregnant mares, pregnant mares or ...
Lymphocytic enteritis in a filly. A yearling Hanoverian filly had intermittent colic for 6 weeks, chylous peritoneal effusion, and a firm mass palpable per rectum. Exploratory laparotomy revealed mesenteric lymphadenopathy, adhesion of the mesenteric root to the duodenum and jejunum, distention of the mesenteric veins and lymphatic vessels, and increased jejunal venous pressure. Lesions in the duodenum, jejunum, and colon included infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the lamina propria.
Ectopic ureter managed by unilateral nephrectomy in two female horses. Unilateral ureteral ectopia was diagnosed in three-year-old and 10-month-old fillies exhibiting urinary incontinence since birth. In one case reimplantation of the ureter onto the bladder was planned but considered to be impractical intra-operatively. Unilateral nephrectomy was performed successfully in both cases which alleviated the urinary incontinence. Both horses had normal urinary function postoperatively and became healthy, serviceable animals.
Urachal remnant as a cause of pollakiuria and dysuria in a filly. A urachal remnant, causing pollakiuria and dysuria, was diagnosed by rectal palpation of a urinary bladder adhesion and endoscopic visualization of a urinary bladder diverticulum. Surgical excision of the remnant resulted in relief of abnormal micturition, but the filly was euthanatized 9 months after surgery because of a chronic ventral midline incisional infection. Pollakiuria and dysuria associated with urachal abscessation occur most commonly in calves. This report documents the syndrome in a horse.
Multiple recurring uterocervical leiomyomas in two half-sibling Appaloosa fillies. Two yearling, paternal half-sibling Appaloosa fillies were ovariohysterectomized for treatment of multiple uterocervical leiomyomas. The tumors recurred in both fillies, originating from cervical tissue that could not be removed at surgery. Previously reported cases of uterine leiomyoma in the mare have been of solitary tumors in older mares that were treated successfully by surgical removal.
Hematuria caused by abdominal abscessation in a foal. A 4.5-month-old Standard-bred filly was referred for evaluation of pigmenturia. Initially, the pigmenturia had resolved with the administration of antibiotics, only to recur after their withdrawal. A dark red urine sample contained numerous RBC, WBC, and gram-negative rods (Escherichia coli). Ultrasonography revealed the right kidney to be large, with multiple cystic structures and a dilated renal pelvis and calices. Cystoscopy revealed a large blood clot within the bladder and urine coming from the left ureteral opening. Urine was not observed coming from the right ureter. It was suspected th...
Juvenile granulosa cell tumour in an equine weanling. A juvenile granulosa cell tumour is described in a 3-month-old Arabian filly. The 32 X 27 X 27 cm tumour had replaced the right ovary. The neoplasm was composed of multiple nodules of neoplastic granulosa cells which formed microfollicles, macrofillicles and cysts, as well as solid nests and trabeculae. The supporting stroma contained theca cells. Mixing of the neoplastic granulosa cells and theca cells in disorderly fashion was noted. The diagnosis was based on age of occurrence and histological appearance.
Compression bone plating of a medial condylar fracture of the third metatarsal bone in a Thoroughbred filly. A medial condylar fracture of the third metatarsal bone in a 2-year-old Thoroughbred filly was repaired successfully by use of compression bone plating. At discharge from the hospital, thickening of the metatarsus was evident, and proliferative changes were associated with the site of bone plate application. It was expected that these changes would limit the filly's use as a racehorse, and a return to training was not recommended. Especially in horses that may return to racing, use of compression bone plating initially should not replace stall rest or lag screw fixation treatment of this type ...
Molluscum contagiosum in a horse with granulomatous enteritis. Widespread cutaneous papules in a yearling Standardbred filly were attributed by light and electron microscopic examination to molluscum contagiosum. Concomitant granulomatous enteritis, suspected clinically due to protein-losing enteropathy, was verified histopathologically. An associated altered altered immune response is suggested as the reason for the widespread poxvirus infection.
Observations and management of fractures of the proximal phalanx in young Thoroughbreds. A retrospective study of 119 cases of fracture of the proximal phalanx is described. The short incomplete sagittal fracture (split pastern) was most common and carried a good prognosis for a return to racing following conservative treatment. Longer incomplete fractures also had a good prognosis but complete fractures, either through the lateral cortex of the proximal phalanx or through the bone into the proximal interphalangeal joint, required internal fixation. Careful assessment of these and comminuted fractures was essential before surgery was undertaken. Most comminuted fractures were trea...
Development of a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method using multiple analytes for the confirmatory analysis of anabolic steroid residues in horse urine. II. Detection of administration of 19-nortestosterone phenylpropionate to equine male castrates and fillies. Esters of 19-nortestosterone form an important group of anabolic preparations used in veterinary practice. Based upon results from detailed metabolic studies for 19-nortestosterone in the horse, a method to confirm the administration of anabolic preparations of this steroid to castrated male horses and fillies is described; the method is based upon the use of multiple analytes. Following administration of the anabolic preparations, solid-phase extraction of urinary conjugates and the separation of the conjugate groups prior to hydrolysis allow for the determination of specific metabolites conj...
Fractures of the distal phalanx of the forelimb in eight foals. Fractures of the distal phalanx of the forelimb were diagnosed in 5 colts and 3 fillies ranging in age from 2 weeks to 5 1/2 months at the time of fracture. Three fractures entered the distal interphalangeal joint and 6 fractures (one foal had bilateral fractures) were nonarticular. All foals with articular fractures became sound with conservative treatment. Four of 5 foals with nonarticular fractures became sound with conservative treatment and 1 foal developed separation of the hoof at the coronary band after application of acrylic around the hoof. On the basis of our observations in these f...
Comparison of the haemogram between three-year-old Thoroughbred stayers and sprinters. Results of blood counts have been analysed in three-year-old racehorses in training comprising 77 colt stayers, 27 colt sprinters, 61 filly stayers and 35 filly sprinters. The distributions of haemoglobin, erythrocyte count and haematocrit were significantly higher in colt stayers compared to the other three groups. In fillies these values were also significantly higher in stayers compared to sprinters. The erythrocyte count was significantly higher in filly stayers compared to colt sprinters but there were no significant differences between haemoglobin or haematocrit values in these groups. N...
Intramuscular hemangiosarcoma with pulmonary metastasis in a horse. Intramuscular hemangiosarcoma resulting in severe anemia and thrombocytopenia was diagnosed in a 3-year-old Thoroughbred filly. Necropsy revealed multiple tumors within skeletal muscles and multiple pulmonary metastases.
A review of patterns of change in luteal function. Puberty: For the gilt and filly, the first corpus luteum (CL) appears to have a normal lifespan. For both species, first CL usually is associated with estrus but can form in the absence of estrus. For the ewe and cow, a transient (1 to 4 d, ewe; 3 to 10 d, cow) rise and fall of ovarian derived progesterone (P4) is detected in peripheral blood (80% of ewes; 50% of heifers) prior to first "normal" CL. The first CL of apparent normal lifespan is not accompanied by estrus in the ewe. The first CL in the cow may or may not be accompanied by estrus; first estrus in the cow can be anovulatory. Data a...