Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Horses
"Horses" is a broad topic that encompasses various aspects of equine biology, behavior, and management. This category includes studies on the anatomy, physiology, and genetics of horses, as well as their behavior, nutrition, and care. Research in this area may also cover the historical and cultural significance of horses, their roles in agriculture, sport, and therapy, and the challenges associated with their conservation and welfare. The page aggregates peer-reviewed research articles and scholarly studies that explore the multifaceted relationships between humans and horses, examining both scientific and socio-economic perspectives.
Arthroscopic surgery for osteochondral fractures of the proximal phalanx of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal (fetlock) joints in horses. Arthroscopic surgery for osteochondral fractures of the proximal phalanx was performed on 74 fetlock joints of 63 horses for a total of 87 fractures during a 2-year period. The medial dorsal proximal aspect of the proximal phalanx of the forelimbs was most commonly involved (59 fractures), followed by the lateral aspect (26 fractures), and 2 fractures occurred in the fetlock joint of the right hindlimb. At surgery, 82 fragments were removed and 5 fragments that had healed or were embedded in the joint capsule were not removed. Of the fragments removed, 15 were fixed firmly to the proximal phal...
Eikenella corrodens osteomyelitis of the axis in a foal. Eikenella corrodens, a previously unrecognized pathogen in the horse, was isolated from the spinous process of the axis of a colt with signs of severe neck pain. Dorsal laminectomy (excising the infected spinous process and lamina) was performed and the colt was treated with antibiotics for 6 weeks. Recovery was uncomplicated.
Continuous-flow centrifugation hemapheresis in the horse. In a continuous-flow centrifugation apheresis technique adapted for blood-component separation and collection in horses, hydroxyethyl starch was not required for erythrocyte sedimentation. The efficacy and separation characteristics of whole blood from 10 horses were evaluated at various gravitational forces (700 to 1,500 rpm), using a constant withdrawal rate (100 ml/min). Maximum leukocyte collection occurred at 700 rpm (P less than 0.01), and optimal neutrophil collection occurred at 700 to 750 rpm (P less than 0.01). Although neutrophil counts decreased and lymphocyte counts remained const...
Iron deficiency and pseudo-iron deficiency in hospitalized horses. Values for serum ferritin, serum iron, and serum total-iron binding capacity were determined in 100 hospitalized horses. Six foals had iron deficiency, as indicated by low serum ferritin and iron concentrations. Twenty-eight horses had low serum iron content and normal or high serum ferritin content and were considered to have pseudo-iron deficiency, possibly in response to infection. Ten horses had serum ferritin concentrations that were quite high, probably indicating iron overload.
Osteopetrosis in two foals. This account describes two neonatal foals affected with osteopetrosis. One of these foals, a full term Peruvian Paso, was born alive, was bright and alert but was unable to stand and was euthanized at two days of age. The second foal, an Appaloosa, was also born alive at full term and was blind, weak, uncoordinated and unable to stand. Postmortem examination of both foals revealed generalized osteopetrosis and brachygnathia inferior. The osteopetrosis was characterized by failure of bone remodelling resulting in spicules of mineralized and nonmineralized cartilage covered by osteoid occupying ...
Influence of level of feeding and nutrient content of the concentrate on growth and development of yearling horses. Three experiments using 63 Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse yearlings were conducted to evaluate the influence of level of feeding, and protein and calculated energy content of pelleted concentrates on growth and bone development. Animals were housed in drylot paddocks and individually fed concentrates twice daily. Coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dyctylon) hay was group-fed. Yearlings offered a corn-based concentrate (3.56 Mcal digestible energy [DE]/kg) consumed levels of dry matter similar to yearlings fed a mixed-grain concentrate (3.32 Mcal DE/kg but consumed slightly more digestible energy. N...
Malignant melanoma of the coronary band in a horse. A malignant melanoma developed in the digit of a horse. Metastasis was extensive.
Periorbital skull fractures in five horses. Periorbital skull fractures were diagnosed in 5 horses, and were associated with ophthalmic complications including corneal ulceration, uveitis, and entrapment of the eye by retrobulbar bone fragments. Physical examination was of greater diagnostic use than radiography. Surgical repair was performed on all horses and was associated with a more favorable postoperative appearance in horses treated acutely; however, the cosmetic results were considered acceptable in all horses. Major postoperative complications were not observed.
Exercised-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in polo and racing horses. Philippine polo and racing horses were examined for exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage after their competitive exercise. Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage occurred in 11.1% of the polo horses and 64% of the racing horses. None of the horses had blood at the nostrils.
Exercise and the height of horses. The heights of 89 horses were measured at the withers before and after half a furlong of trotting exercise. The mean (+/- sd) height increase after exercise was 1.75 +/- 0.86 cm and the horses returned to their resting height within seven minutes. There was no linear relationship between gain in height and pre-exercise height.
Pharmacokinetics of amikacin in pony foals after a single intramuscular injection. Six healthy pony foals, from 2 to 11 days of age, were given a single IM injection of amikacin sulfate (250 mg/ml) at a dosage rate of 7 mg/kg of body weight. Serum amikacin concentrations were measured serially over a 24-hour period. The mean peak serum concentration was 14.7 micrograms/ml at 0.5 hour. The elimination rate constant for amikacin was 0.24/hour, the elimination half-life was 3.0 hours, and the apparent volume of distribution was 0.58 L/kg.
American dog tick (Acari: Ixodidae), summer activity on equine premises enzootic for Potomac horse fever in south-central Maryland. The American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), was the only ixodid tick found feeding on horses in Montgomery County, Md., from May to August. Average tick burdens were low (less than one tick per horse per week), but >80% of 33 horses examined weekly were exposed to tick feeding during the summer. Of the 98 ticks collected, 78% were attached to the tail and 12% were present in the mane. Host-seeking adult D. variabilis were active on vegetation in pastures from May to early August, with most specimens along hedgerows, woods margins, and horse paths.
Effects of xylazine on renal function and plasma glucose in ponies. The intravenous administration of xylazine (1.1 mg/kg bodyweight) in six ponies resulted in a significant increase in urine output over two hours, with maximum flow occurring between 30 and 60 minutes after injection. Urine specific gravity, osmolality and glucose concentration decreased. Renal clearance of endogenous creatinine was unchanged. Significant increases in the excretion of potassium and chloride occurred. Plasma glucose concentration was increased 30 minutes after the administration of xylazine by a mean value of 37 per cent. Serum osmolality and sodium, potassium and chloride conc...
Cytolytic activity of liposomes containing stearylamine. In order to develop the cytotoxic liposome, the cytolytic effect of polycationic liposome was examined. Upon incubation of the stearylamine-containing liposome (stearylamine-liposome) with rabbit erythrocyte, a significant extent of hemolysis was observed. Hemolytic activity of the liposome depends on the amount of stearylamine in the liposome membrane. The plots of the initial rate of hemolysis versus the concentration of stearylamine-liposome showed a sigmoidal curve, suggesting that stearylamine-liposomes act cooperatively on the erythrocyte membrane. Hemolytic activity of stearylamine-lipo...
Risk factors for salmonellosis in hospitalized horses. A case-control study to identify risk factors associated with isolation of Salmonella was accomplished, using data from records of horses hospitalized in the period July 1971 through June 1982. Horses in which nasogastric tubes were passed were at 2.9 times greater risk of having Salmonella isolated, compared with horses that did not undergo this procedure. Horses treated with antibiotics parenterally were at 6.4 times greater risk, and those treated with antibiotics orally and parenterally were at 40.4 times greater risk of developing salmonellosis, compared with horses not receiving such tre...
Shoulder lameness in horses: an analysis of 58 suspected cases. The results of a detailed investigation of 58 horses with suspected shoulder lameness are described. Lameness was found to originate distal to the shoulder region in 22 horses. No diagnosis was reached in five horses. Genuine shoulder problems occurred in 29 horses. The clinical signs of shoulder lameness are described and contrasted with lower limb lameness. The limitations of currently available diagnostic techniques are discussed. Problems identified in the shoulder region included osteochondritis dissecans, subchondral bone cysts, arthrosis, fracture, luxation, septic arthritis and soft ti...
Bilateral salpingitis, hydrosalpinx and oophoritis in a mare. Bilateral salpingitis, hydrosalpinx and oophoritis were diagnosed in a mare with concurrent lymphosarcoma. Salpingitis, hydrosalpinx and oophoritis are rare in the mare (1,2,3,5,8,9,11-13). Bilateral salpingitis is an important cause of infertility in all species and is most often due to ascending infection (3-5,10,11). The source of salpingitis in this mare probably was ascending infection from the uterus after parturition. The apparent infertility of the mare was attributed to debilitation from the lymphosarcoma and multiplicity of genital pathoses.
Single-radial-immunodiffusion potency tests of inactivated influenza vaccines for use in man and animals. Single-radial-immunodiffusion (SRD) provides a sensitive and reproducible in vitro assay for haemagglutinin (HA) concentration in inactivated influenza vaccines. The use of SRD for human influenza vaccine standardization and application for equine and avian influenza vaccines is discussed. In clinical trials, vaccine HA concentration measured by SRD has been shown to be directly related to antibody responses and to protection against challenge. The use of SRD may considerably reduce the usage of animals for potency testing of veterinary influenza vaccines.
Purine enzyme activities as markers of lymphocytic differentiation: studies of lymphocytes from horses with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) occurs in horses of the Arabian breed and is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait1. Affected foals are severely lymphopenic with an absence of functional B and T lymphocytes.2 The few lymphocytes that can be found in affected foals resemble large granular lymphocytes (LGL) and can be grown long-term with media containing interleukin-2 (IL-2).3 The disorder is restricted to the lymphoid system, as other leukocytes are functionally and quantitatively normal.4
Comparison of the lipoprotein profiles obtained from rat, bovine, horse, dog, rabbit and pig serum by a new two-step ultracentrifugal gradient procedure. A new two-step gradient technique has been used in the separation of the different classes of lipoproteins from the serum of cows, horses, dogs, pigs, rabbits and rats. Total lipoproteins were first isolated at d 1.21 then floated through a d 1.006 to d 1.21 gradient. Collection by mean of a gradient fractionator provided directly comparable lipoprotein profiles, allowed the determination of the exact density range of each lipoprotein class and the fraction by fraction analysis of composition. Cholesterol and apo AI recoveries were high. Horse, dog, rabbit and pig exhibited three distinct lipo...
Increased acidophilia of eosinophil granules after EDTA treatment. The acidophilic reaction of eosinophil leucocyte granules from human, pig and horse blood smears was investigated by using May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining after previous treatment with EDTA and sodium citrate solutions. The same peak at 530 nm, but absorption values considerably higher than those of controls, were found in eosinophil granules after application of chelating agents, indicating that removal of metal cations could unmask basic groups in these structures.
Electrophoretic markers of Andalusian horses: comparison of Spanish and Lusitanian lineages. Genetic variants at eight blood loci were analysed, disclosing in Andalusian breed six rare markers: variants J of transferrin, H of esterase, D and S of Xk, M and W of prealbumin. Two of these, TfJ and PrM appear as characteristic markers of Andalusian breed. Allelic frequencies showed minor differences between Spanish (300 horses) and Lusitanian (100 horses) populations. Comparison was established with historically related breeds, Thoroughbreds or Connemara, and with Arab horses because of a presumed relationship. No visible similarities in genetic profiles were found with two former breeds,...
