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Topic:Horses
"Horses" is a broad topic that encompasses various aspects of equine biology, behavior, and management. This category includes studies on the anatomy, physiology, and genetics of horses, as well as their behavior, nutrition, and care. Research in this area may also cover the historical and cultural significance of horses, their roles in agriculture, sport, and therapy, and the challenges associated with their conservation and welfare. The page aggregates peer-reviewed research articles and scholarly studies that explore the multifaceted relationships between humans and horses, examining both scientific and socio-economic perspectives.
Isolation and amino acid sequence of the alpha-subunit of follicle-stimulating hormone from equine pituitary glands. Six hundred milligrams of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), containing 110 NIH-FSH-S1 units/mg, was isolated from 9 kg of equine pituitary glands. The equine FSH was dissociated into alpha- and beta-subunits. A tentative amino acid sequence of the alpha-subunit was determined. The alpha-subunit contained 82 amino acids. The equine FSH-alpha is shorter by 10 to 14 amino acids at the NH2 terminus and has several substitutions at several positions as compared with human FSH-alpha and bovine thyroid-stimulating hormone-alpha. At the intraspecies level, the alpha-subunits of human FSH, human lute...
Isolation of rotavirus from foals with diarrhoea. A rotavirus, morphologically similar to other known rotaviruses, was demonstrated in the faeces of 5 foals with diarrhoea on two properties. Four of these 5 samples produced specific intracytoplasmic fluorescence in cell culture when reacted with calf rotavirus antiserum conjugate. Sixteen affected foals from both properties were depressed, did not suckle and became recumbent. Most had a watery diarrhoea which lasted for 3 days and resulted in some dehydration and loss of body condition. Sick foals were separated from their mothers following the onset of diarrhoea and given fluid therapy and a...
Evaluation of xylazine, guaifenesin, and ketamine hydrochloride for restraint in horses. A combination of intramuscular xylazine plus intravenous guaifenesin and ketamine hydrochloride was evaluated as a method for chemical restraint and casting of the adult horse. This drug combination provided safe and rapid induction of the horse and uneventful recovery from lateral recumbency. Cardiopulmonary function remained within base-line values for the adult horse, although cardiac output, arterial blood pressure, and arterial partial pressure of oxygen were decreased from base-line values. Xylazine, guaifenesin, and ketamine hydrochloride provided safe induction to general anesthesia wi...
Enterotoxemia in two foals. Two Quarter Horse foals from different premises died from enterotoxemia. Clostridium perfringens toxins alpha and beta were demonstrated in the foal's intestines by mouse protection tests. Clostridium perfringens type C was isolated from the intestines of each foal. Histologic examination revealed hemorrhage, necrosis, and massive numbers of C perfringens.
Congenital stationary night blindness: an animal model. Electroretinographic studies of myctalopic Appaloosa horses demonstrated photopic and scotopic abnormalities similar to those in humans with congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) of the Schubert-Bornschein type. The phototopic abnormalities consisted of reduced b-wave amplitudes and slower than normal b-wave implict time. The dark-adapted ERG's consisted of a simple negative potential; the scotopic b-wave was nonrecordable. However, a normal c-wave was present in the dark-adapted response. Histologic studies demonstrated no structural abnormalities that could explain the functional defe...
[Radiological and clinical considerations on navicular disease (author’s transl)]. The radiological and clinical interpretation of alterations of the navicular bone, the interaction of radiological and clinical symptoms in relation to the age of the animal, the influence of work-load on this interaction and the possibility of predicting navicular disease at an early stage are discussed. The discussion is based on experience in a study of 130 horses.
Studies on the livestock of southern Darfur, Sudan VI. Notes on equines. Equines have been largely ignored in modern scientific literature on domestic animals, probably because they are not providers of meat and milk. Their contribution to the economy in the Sudan, however, is considerable and they are the principal means of transport both as baggage and as riding animals. They also play an important role in the supply of fuel and the distribution of domestic water in the larger villages and towns. Information on population structure is provided and descriptions, with particular reference to withers height and weight, are given of two types of donkey and of the hor...
Direct colorimetric determination of serum arginase in various domestic animals. A direct colorimetric method for the determination of serum arginase activity in various domestic animals is described. Serum arginase activity in healthy mature dogs, cats, horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs ranged from 0 to 14 IU/L. Serum arginase activity increased considerably in these animals during experimental hepatic damage induced by oral administration of carbon tetrachloride.
Haemolytic disease of the newborn foal. Clinical features of haemolytic disease of the newborn foal (HDNF) are reviewed. The state of knowledge concerning the serological factors associated with isoimmunisation of mares and as assessment of the methods available for screening potential "haemolytic mares" are presented. The treatment of severely affected foals has principally involved exchange transfusion but more recently a simple transfusion of mare's packed erythrocytes has proved more successful.
The experimental infection of ponies with contagious equine metritis. Four pony mares were readily infected with the organism of contagious equine metritis by intracervical inoculation and one by coitus with an infected stallion. Infected mares developed an acute endometritis with local destruction of the endometrial epithelium. In 2 experimentally infected mares, infection appeared to have been spontaneously eliminated from the genital tract within 3 to 4 weeks. A third mare however remained persistently infected in the clitoral fossa over a long period and was a symptomless carrier. Four pony stallions were readily infected in the urethral fossa and the organi...
Homologous and cross-reactive precipitins in anti-pneumococcal sera raised in mules. Serial bleedings were obtained from two mules during prolonged immunization, one with type XXV the other with type VIII pneumococcal vaccine. IgGa, IgGb, IgGc, IgB, IgG(T) and IgM present among purified Pn anti-XXV and Pn anti-VIII immunoglobulin isolated from various bleedings were identified by use of rabbit anti-equine heavy chain specific reagents. Radioimmunodiffusion with 14C-labelled type XXV pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide and horse and donkey reagents with species specificity directed against donkey or horse IgGa respectively, demonstrated both parental horse and donkey IgGa heav...
Infection patterns in pony mares challenged with the agent of contagious equine metritis 1977. Contagious equine metritis 1977 was reproduced in pony mares using cultures of the Gram-negative coccobacillus aetiologically associated with the disease. Variability in clinical response was observed in the first of 2 experiments, with the presence of semen, either alone or in an extender, appearing to potentiate the pathogenicity of the challenge strain of the organism. The experimental disease was characterised by a variable degree of vaginal discharge and concomitant inflammatory changes involving the vervix and vagina. Although all of the affected mares recovered spontaneously, a high per...
Malignant medulloepithelioma of the optic nerve in a horse. An 18-month-old Standardbred filly had a large intraocular tumor involving the optic nerve. The tumor was a malignant medulloepithelioma, a rare intraocular neoplasm derived from the primitive medullary epithelium. By light microscopy the tumor had cords and lobules of primitive neuroepithelial cells that formed clefts and true rosettes. Electron microscopy of the rosettes showed a girdle of zonulae adherentes joining the apices of the cells as well as several basal bodies. This is the sixth report of equine intraocular medulloepithelioma, and, to the best of our knowledge, the first intraocul...
