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Topic:Horses

"Horses" is a broad topic that encompasses various aspects of equine biology, behavior, and management. This category includes studies on the anatomy, physiology, and genetics of horses, as well as their behavior, nutrition, and care. Research in this area may also cover the historical and cultural significance of horses, their roles in agriculture, sport, and therapy, and the challenges associated with their conservation and welfare. The page aggregates peer-reviewed research articles and scholarly studies that explore the multifaceted relationships between humans and horses, examining both scientific and socio-economic perspectives.
Effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia.
American journal of veterinary research    September 2, 2011   Volume 72, Issue 9 1266-1275 doi: 10.2460/ajvr.72.9.1266
Baumwart CA, Doherty TJ, Schumacher J, Willis RS, Adair HS, Rohrbach BW.To determine the effectiveness of preinduction hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) in ameliorating signs of experimentally induced endotoxemia in horses. Methods: 18 healthy adult horses. Methods: Horses were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 equal-sized treatment groups to receive normobaric ambient air and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), HBOT and LPS, or HBOT and physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Horses were physically examined, and blood was obtained for a CBC and to determine concentration or activity of plasma tissue necrosis factor-α, blood lactate, and blood glucose before the horses were tr...
Assessment of repeatability of a wireless, inertial sensor-based lameness evaluation system for horses.
American journal of veterinary research    September 2, 2011   Volume 72, Issue 9 1156-1163 doi: 10.2460/ajvr.72.9.1156
Keegan KG, Kramer J, Yonezawa Y, Maki H, Pai PF, Dent EV, Kellerman TE, Wilson DA, Reed SK.To determine repeatability of a wireless, inertial sensor-based lameness evaluation system in horses. Methods: 236 horses. Methods: Horses were from 2 to 29 years of age and of various breeds and lameness disposition. All horses were instrumented with a wireless, inertial sensor-based motion analysis system on the head (accelerometer), pelvis (midline croup region [accelerometer]), and right forelimb (gyroscope) before evaluation in 2 consecutive trials, approximately 5 minutes apart, as the horse was trotted in a straight line. Signal-processing algorithms generated overall trial asymmetry me...
Clinical implications of high liver enzyme activities in hospitalized neonatal foals.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association    September 2, 2011   Volume 239, Issue 5 661-667 doi: 10.2460/javma.239.5.661
Haggett EF, Magdesian KG, Kass PH.To determine whether high liver enzyme activities were negatively associated with outcome in sick neonatal foals as compared with foals that did not have high liver enzyme activities. Methods: Retrospective case-control study. Methods: 147 foals < 30 days old with high γ-glutamyltransferase activity, high sorbitol dehydrogenase activity, or both (case foals) and 263 foals < 30 days old with γ-glutamyltransferase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities within reference limits (control foals). Methods: Medical records were reviewed for information on signalment, physical examination findin...
Metabolomic analysis of Ranunculus spp. as potential agents involved in the etiology of equine grass sickness.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry    September 2, 2011   Volume 59, Issue 18 10388-10393 doi: 10.1021/jf201430k
Michl J, Modarai M, Edwards S, Heinrich M.Identification of toxic or harmful agents continues to be a key goal in agricultural chemistry. This paper reports a metabolomic analysis of Ranunculus repens and related species, which were recently postulated to be cocausative agents in the etiology of equine grass sickness (EGS). Specifically, samples collected at EGS sites were compared with those from non-EGS sites. Furthermore, interspecific and seasonal variations and the species' response to edaphic and climatic factors were investigated. (1)H NMR spectroscopy in combination with multivariate data analysis was applied to the crude meth...
An evaluation of the Abaxis VSPro for the measurement of equine plasma fibrinogen concentrations.
Equine veterinary journal    September 1, 2011   Volume 44, Issue 4 449-452 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00453.x
Epstein KL, Brainard BM.Accurate measurement of plasma fibrinogen concentrations is an important tool for assessment of horses with inflammatory diseases. Objective: To determine the precision and accuracy of a benchtop instrument using both fresh and frozen equine plasma by comparing the plasma fibrinogen concentration measured by a benchtop instrument to 2 separate laboratory standard methods (ACL 100 and STA Compact) for fibrinogen measurement. Methods: Accuracy and precision of the VSPro was evaluated using both human fibrinogen standards and samples from horses. Fifty frozen samples from horses with gastrointest...
[Serological study carried out in Cuban localities where confirmed western Nile virus infection is present].
Revista cubana de medicina tropical    September 1, 2011   Volume 63, Issue 3 227-230 
first infected cases caused by West Nile virus were reported in Cuba in 2004. Objective: to monitor and learn about the prevalence of the West Nile virus in those areas with confirmed cases. Methods: the study was conducted in Jatibonico municipality and in the city of sancti Spiritus. A total number of 14 persons, 8 horses and 41 birds were researched to detect antibodies to flavivirus and specific antibodies to West Nile virus. Results: the presence of specific antibodies to West Nile virus was confirmed in 4 samples of sera from birds and in 4 from horses. One person was confirmed as one ca...
Close, impinging and overriding spinous processes in the thoracolumbar spine: the relationship between radiological and scintigraphic findings and clinical signs.
Equine veterinary journal    September 1, 2011   Volume 44, Issue 2 178-184 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00373.x
Zimmerman M, Dyson S, Murray R.There has been no objective study comparing radiological features of spinous processes (SPs) in the thoracolumbar region and/or scintigraphic findings with clinical signs. Objective: To investigate the relationship between the presence or absence of clinical signs of back pain and: 1) radiological findings of close, impinging or overriding SPs; 2) increased radiopharmaceutical uptake (IRU) in the SPs; and 3) the combination of radiological findings and IRU. Also to determine the prevalence of concurrent osseous pathology. Methods: Five-hundred and eighty-two horses, presented for perceived bac...
A randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study on the efficacy of a unique extract of green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) in horses with chronic fetlock lameness attributed to osteoarthritis.
Equine veterinary journal    September 1, 2011   Volume 44, Issue 4 393-398 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00455.x
Cayzer J, Hedderley D, Gray S.Lyophilised products from green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus[LPPC]) are used to orally treat horses with osteoarthritis (OA). However, no randomised, controlled or double-blinded studies on the efficacy of this treatment in horses have been reported to date. Objective: To investigate the effects of a unique LPPC (Biolane)(1) in improving clinical signs of OA in the fetlock. Methods: Data were analysed from 26 horses with primary fetlock lameness in a controlled, randomised and double-blinded, multi-centre clinical trial. The study design was a partial crossover with a washout period and co...
Fungal microbiota from ocular conjuctiva of clinically healthy horses belonging to the military police cavalry of alagoas.
Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]    September 1, 2011   Volume 42, Issue 3 1151-1155 doi: 10.1590/S1517-838220110003000038
de Sousa ME, Araújo MA, Mota RA, Porto WJ, Souza AK, Dos Santos JL, da Silva PP.Normal fungal conjunctiva microbiota of horses remains stable in healthy animals, free from ocular and/or systemic diseases which may, eventually, cause ocular alterations. The knowledge of the fungal microbiota is of great importance due to the reduced number of studies reported in the literature and also to the large occurrence of ocular alterations, mainly keratomycosis, in these animals. The aim of this study was to isolate and to identify the fungi present in the ocular conjunctiva of healthy horses belonging to the Military Police Cavalry of Alagoas. Samples from both conjunctival sacks ...
Propagation of two longitudinal waves in a cancellous bone with the closed pore boundary.
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America    September 1, 2011   Volume 130, Issue 2 EL122-EL127 doi: 10.1121/1.3607196
Mizuno K, Nagatani Y, Yamashita K, Matsukawa M.Ultrasound propagation in cancellous bone (porous media) under the condition of closed pore boundaries was investigated. A cancellous bone and two plate-like cortical bones obtained from a racehorse were prepared. A water-immersion ultrasound technique in the MHz range and a three-dimensional elastic finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method were used to investigate the waves. The experiments and simulations showed a clear separation of the incident longitudinal wave into fast and slow waves. The findings advance the evaluation of bones based on the two-wave phenomenon for in vivo assessment...
Functional electrical stimulation of intrinsic laryngeal muscles under varying loads in exercising horses.
PloS one    August 31, 2011   Volume 6, Issue 8 e24258 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024258
Cheetham J, Regner A, Jarvis JC, Priest D, Sanders I, Soderholm LV, Mitchell LM, Ducharme NG.Bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVCP) is a life threatening condition and appears to be a good candidate for therapy using functional electrical stimulation (FES). Developing a working FES system has been technically difficult due to the inaccessible location and small size of the sole arytenoid abductor, the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle. A naturally-occurring disease in horses shares many functional and etiological features with BVCP. In this study, the feasibility of FES for equine vocal fold paralysis was explored by testing arytenoid abduction evoked by electrical stimulation of t...
Metformin in equine metabolic syndrome: an enigma or a dead duck?
Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)    August 31, 2011   Volume 191, Issue 1 17-18 doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.08.003
Durham AE.No abstract available
The structural stability of wild-type horse prion protein.
Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics    August 31, 2011   Volume 29, Issue 2 369-377 doi: 10.1080/07391102.2011.10507391
Zhang J.Prion diseases (e.g. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), variant CJD (vCJD), Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS), Fatal Familial Insomnia (FFI) and Kuru in humans, scrapie in sheep, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or 'mad-cow' disease) and chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cattles) are invariably fatal and highly infectious neurodegenerative diseases affecting humans and animals. However, by now there have not been some effective therapeutic approaches or medications to treat all these prion diseases. Rabbits, dogs, and horses are the only mammalian species reported to be resistant...
Evolution of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in horses and colonized personnel in an equine clinic between 2005 and 2010.
Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.)    August 31, 2011   Volume 17, Issue 3 471-478 doi: 10.1089/mdr.2010.0188
Sieber S, Gerber V, Jandova V, Rossano A, Evison JM, Perreten V.A total of 70 Staphylococcus aureus isolates from postoperative infections in hospitalized horses were isolated between January 2005 and January 2011. Among them, 12 isolates were methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), 18 were borderline-oxacillin-resistant S. aureus (BORSA), and 40 were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). During the same period, the equine clinic personnel were screened for nasal carriage of BORSA and MRSA. Genotyping revealed that BORSA ST1(MLST)-t2863(spa) isolates were responsible for most equine infections and were the main isolates found in colonized members of th...
Dexamethasone-induced cytokine changes associated with diminished disease severity in horses infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum.
Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI    August 31, 2011   Volume 18, Issue 11 1962-1968 doi: 10.1128/CVI.05034-11
Davies RS, Madigan JE, Hodzic E, Borjesson DL, Dumler JS.Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the zoonotic cause of granulocytic anaplasmosis. We hypothesized that immune response, specifically gamma interferon (IFN-γ), plays a role in disease severity. To test this, horses were infected and IFNG expression was pharmacologically downregulated using corticosteroids. Eight horses were infected with A. phagocytophilum; 4 received dexamethasone on days 4 to 8 of infection. Clinical signs, hematologic parameters, and transcription of cytokine/chemokine genes were compared among treated and untreated horses. Infection was quantitated by msp2 real-time PCR and mi...
Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in horses in the UK.
The Veterinary record    August 31, 2011   Volume 169, Issue 12 313 doi: 10.1136/vr.d4348
Soare T, Leeming G, Morgan R, Papoula-Pereira R, Kipar A, Stewart J, Hetzel U.No abstract available
Endoscopic assessment of airway inflammation in horses.
Journal of veterinary internal medicine    August 30, 2011   Volume 25, Issue 5 1118-1126 doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00788.x
Koblinger K, Nicol J, McDonald K, Wasko A, Logie N, Weiss M, Léguillette R.Comprehensive endoscopic scoring of the upper and lower airways for inflammation has not been critically assessed among a large population of horses. The relationship between upper and lower airways described in humans by the "one airway, one disease" concept might also apply to horses. Objective: To evaluate if an association exists between endoscopic inflammatory scores and mucus scores of upper and lower airways and to investigate if endoscopic findings correlate with the lower airway inflammation measured by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology. Methods: Prospective field study. Pharyngit...
A comparison of hypertonic (7.2%) and isotonic (0.9%) saline for fluid resuscitation in horses: a randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial.
Journal of veterinary internal medicine    August 30, 2011   Volume 25, Issue 5 1138-1143 doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00789.x
Fielding CL, Magdesian KG.Hypertonic saline solution (7.2%) (HSS) can quickly replace intravascular volume deficits. HSS more recently has been advocated in the treatment of traumatic brain injury, but its use in dehydrated patients remains controversial. Objective: Hypertonic saline solution will show a significant improvement in both clinical and laboratory hydration parameters as compared to isotonic (0.9%) saline solution (ISS). Methods: Endurance horses eliminated from the 2009 Western States 100-mile (220-km) endurance ride and requiring IV fluid therapy were eligible for enrollment in the study. Methods: Twenty-...
Autologous biologic treatment for equine musculoskeletal injuries: platelet-rich plasma and IL-1 receptor antagonist protein.
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice    August 30, 2011   Volume 27, Issue 2 275-298 doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2011.05.001
Textor J.Autologous biologic therapies such as platelet-rich plasma and autologous conditioned serum are in widespread clinical use to treat musculoskeletal pathology in horses. These substances exert a therapeutic effect through the provision of either anabolic or anti-catabolic factors, or a combination of both. This article discusses the history, experimental and clinical literature, and currently accepted preparation and usage strategies for both platelet-rich plasma and autologous conditioned serum.
Development and evaluation of a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for H3N8 equine influenza virus.
Journal of virological methods    August 30, 2011   Volume 178, Issue 1-2 239-242 doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.07.015
Nemoto M, Yamanaka T, Bannai H, Tsujimura K, Kondo T, Matsumura T.Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) was applied to the detection of equine influenza virus (EIV). Because equine influenza is caused currently by EIV of the H3H8 subtype, the RT-LAMP primer set was designed to target the hemagglutinin gene of this subtype. The detection limit of the RT-LAMP assay was a virus dilution of 10(-5); which was 10(3) times more sensitive than the Espline Influenza A&B-N test and 10 times more sensitive than a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. The specificity of the RT-LAMP assay was examined by usin...
Progesterone production in mares and echographic evaluation of the corpora lutea formed after follicular aspiration.
Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene    August 30, 2011   Volume 47, Issue 2 288-292 doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01856.x
Mozzaquatro FD, Verstegen JP, Douglas RH, Troedsson MH, Delacorte FD, Silva CA, Rubin MI.Ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration was performed in 26 Criollo crossbred mares, followed by the evaluation of ultrasonographic images of the Corpus luteum (CL) that was formed after puncture of follicles of different diameters (Group 25-29 mm; Group 30-35 mm and Group >35 mm). Serum progesterone (P(4) ) concentrations were measured to determine CL function. The size of the CL was measured and the CL was classified based on the following echoscore: 1- anechoic tissue; 2- poorly defined luteal structure with low echogenicity; 3- echogenicity analogous to a luteal structure. The proport...
Computed tomographic findings in the pituitary gland and brain of horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction.
Journal of veterinary internal medicine    August 30, 2011   Volume 25, Issue 5 1144-1151 doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00784.x
Pease AP, Schott HC, Howey EB, Patterson JS.Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is the most common endocrinologic disorder of aged horses. Objective: Pituitary glands of PPID-affected horses are larger than those of aged horses without signs of PPID, and the size difference can be detected using computed tomography (CT) imaging. Methods: Eight horses with clinical signs of PPID and supportive endocrinologic test results and 3 aged control (PPID-negative) horses. Methods: Computed tomography examination of the brain and pituitary gland was performed twice in 10 of the 11 horses, approximately 6 months apart. Six PPID-affected ho...
T-cell lymphoma with immune-mediated anemia and thrombocytopenia in a horse.
Journal of veterinary internal medicine    August 30, 2011   Volume 25, Issue 5 1181-1185 doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00777.x
McGovern KF, Lascola KM, Davis E, Fredrickson RL, Tan R.No abstract available
Mapping B-cell epitopes in equine rhinitis B viruses and identification of a neutralising site in the VP1 C-terminus.
Veterinary microbiology    August 30, 2011   Volume 155, Issue 2-4 128-136 doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.08.022
Horsington JJ, Gilkerson JR, Hartley CA.Erbovirus is a genus of the family Picornaviridae and equine rhinitis B virus (ERBV) is the sole species. Erboviruses infect horses causing acute respiratory disease and sub-clinical and persistent infections. Despite the high seroprevalence and worldwide distribution of these viruses, the pathogenesis and antigenic structure of the three ERBV serotypes (ERBV1, 2 and 3) is poorly understood. To characterise linear epitopes on ERBV structural proteins, a set of fusion proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli. These proteins were tested in Western blot and ELISA and reactive proteins were als...
Detection of various performance enhancing substances in specimens collected from race horses in Illinois: a five-year experience.
Journal of analytical toxicology    August 30, 2011   Volume 35, Issue 7 438-443 doi: 10.1093/anatox/35.7.438
Taddei L, Benoit M, Sukta A, Peterson J, Gaensslen RE, Negrusz A.In order to protect the integrity of horse racing in Illinois, a complex testing of urine and blood specimens collected post-race from winning and special designation horses is continuously conducted. The initial screening by immunoassays was followed by the confirmation on presumptive positive samples. Instrumental screening was also conducted. Perimortem and postmortem specimens and special exhibits (syringes, needles, etc.) were also analyzed. The administration of alkalinizing agents was detected by measuring the total plasma carbon dioxide concentration. The laboratory analyzed specimens ...
Laboratory, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic detection of myocardial damage and dysfunction in an Arabian mare with nutritional masseter myodegeneration.
Journal of veterinary internal medicine    August 30, 2011   Volume 25, Issue 5 1171-1180 doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00787.x
Schefer KD, Hagen R, Ringer SK, Schwarzwald CC.No abstract available
Equine recurrent uveitis: treatment.
Compendium (Yardley, PA)    August 27, 2011   Volume 33, Issue 6 E1 
Curling A.Equine recurrent uveitis has traditionally been treated with medical management to reduce ocular inflammation and control pain during a single episode. Newer management methods include surgical options such as cyclosporine implantation and vitrectomy. These methods were developed not only to control inflammation but also to eliminate the underlying cause of uveitis in order to prevent recurrence.
Paranasal sinus disease in horses.
Compendium (Yardley, PA)    August 27, 2011   Volume 33, Issue 2 E2 
Waguespack RW, Taintor J.The paranasal sinus system of horses is complex, comprising six pairs of sinuses. Disease processes that can develop in the sinuses include ethmoid hematomas, cysts, neoplasia, and bacterial and fungal infections. Horses that develop paranasal sinus disease vary widely in age. A significant number of clinical conditions involving the paranasal sinuses require a combination of diagnostic tests to determine the specific pathologic process. Because of the anatomic location of the paranasal sinuses and associated chronic conditions that affect many patients, many disease processes involving the pa...
Streptococcus equi subspecies equi infection (strangles) in horses.
Compendium (Yardley, PA)    August 27, 2011   Volume 33, Issue 3 E1-E8 
Boyle A.Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (strangles) is a highly contagious upper respiratory infection in horses. The infection is transmitted by inhalation or direct contact with mucopurulent discharge from an infective animal, resulting in fever, depression, and submandibular and retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement that can lead to respiratory distress. Complications include purpura hemorrhagica and metastatic abscessation. Control of outbreaks requires strict isolation protocols and hygiene measures. Detection of carriers is essential for preventing disease recurrence on a farm.
Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses: the role of pulmonary veins.
Compendium (Yardley, PA)    August 27, 2011   Volume 33, Issue 4 E6 
Derksen F, Williams K, Stack A.While airway endoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage are the methodsof choice for diagnosing exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH), these techniques do not allow accurate evaluation of the severity of bleeding. EIPH pathology is characterized by occlusive remodeling of pulmonary veins. Affected veins have large collagen deposits in their walls, which reduces their lumens. In the caudodorsal regions, pulmonary vein wall remodeling is associated with hemosiderin accumulation, bronchial circulation angiogenesis, and fibrosis of the alveolar interstitium, bronchovascular bundle, septa, and ple...