"Horses" is a broad topic that encompasses various aspects of equine biology, behavior, and management. This category includes studies on the anatomy, physiology, and genetics of horses, as well as their behavior, nutrition, and care. Research in this area may also cover the historical and cultural significance of horses, their roles in agriculture, sport, and therapy, and the challenges associated with their conservation and welfare. The page aggregates peer-reviewed research articles and scholarly studies that explore the multifaceted relationships between humans and horses, examining both scientific and socio-economic perspectives.
Gerard MP, Blikslager AT, Roberts MC, Tate LP, Argenzio RA.Recent studies suggest that horses requiring surgical correction of strangulating intestinal obstruction may develop post operative complications as a result of ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Therefore, the mucosal and serosal margins of resected small intestine from 9 horses with small intestinal strangulating lesions were examined for evidence of ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Severe mucosal injury and marked elevations in myeloperoxidase activity were detected at ileal resection margins (n = 4), whereas the mucosa from proximal jejunal (n = 9) and distal jejunal (n = 5) resection margins was ...
Searle D, Dart AJ, Dart CM, Hodgson DR.Complications associated with equine castration are the most common cause of malpractice claims against equine practitioners in North America. An understanding of the embryological development and surgical anatomy is essential to differentiate abnormal from normal structures and to minimise complications. Castration of the normal horse can be performed using sedation and regional anaesthesia while the horse is standing, or under general anaesthesia when it is recumbent. Castration of cryptorchid horses is best performed under general anaesthesia at a surgical facility. Techniques for castratio...
Johnson PJ, Moore LA, Mrad DR, Turk JR, Wilson DA.The sudden death of two horses was attributed to the rapid and acute development of pulmonary aspergillosis. One horse was making excellent postoperative progress after a jejunal resection and anastomosis for intestinal adhesions. The other horse was being treated routinely for equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). Signs of fever and an increased respiratory rate were detected shortly before death in the first horse, but no premonitory clinical signs characteristic of pulmonary infection were detected in the horse being treated for EPM. Both horses developed rapidly debilitating, acute pul...
Lentz LR, Valberg SJ, Balog EM, Mickelson JR, Gallant EM.To determine whether abnormal regulation of muscle contraction similar to that associated with malignant hyperthermia (MH) was evident in intact external intercostal muscle cells from Thoroughbreds with recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis (RER). Methods: 5 adult Thoroughbred horses with RER and 7 clinically normal adult Thoroughbred or mixed-breed horses. Methods: Twitch time course variables and contracture responses to various concentrations of potassium, caffeine, and halothane were measured in small bundles of intact external intercostal muscle cells from clinically normal horses and horse...
Freeman SL, England GC.To compare sedative effects of romifidine following IV, IM, or sublingual (SL) administration in horses. Methods: 30 horses that required sedation for routine tooth rasping. Methods: Horses (n = 10/group) were given romifidine (120 microg/kg) IV, IM, or SL. Heart rate, respiratory rate, head height, distance between the ear tips, thickness of the upper lip, response to auditory stimulation, response to tactile stimulation, and degree of ataxia were recorded every 15 minutes for 180 minutes. Tooth rasping was performed 60 minutes after administration of romifidine, and overall adequacy of sedat...
Hoffman AM, Couetil LL, Miller CJ.To describe the spectrum of nonspecific airway reactivity in a group of clinically normal foals. Methods: 12 clinically normal mixed-breed foals, 48 to 92 days old, without history of clinical lung disease. Methods: Nonspecific airway reactivity was determined by measuring the extent of changes in dynamic compliance during nebulization of incrementally increasing concentrations of histamine aerosol. Degree of airway reactivity was expressed as the dose of histamine that evoked a decrease in dynamic compliance (Cdyn) to 65% of the after saline nebulization value (PC65Cdyn) or increase in pulmon...
Bueno AC, Seahorn TL, Cornick-Seahorn J, Horohov DW, Moore RM.To quantify plasma and urine nitric oxide (NO) concentrations before and after low-dose endotoxin infusion in horses. Methods: 11 healthy adult female horses. Procedure-Eight horses were given endotoxin (35 ng/kg of body weight,i.v.) over 30 minutes. Three sentinel horses received an equivalent volume of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution over the same time. Clinical signs of disease and hemodynamic variables were recorded, and urine and plasma samples were obtained to measure NO concentrations prior to endotoxin infusion (t = 0) and every hour until postinfusion hour (PIH) 6, then every 2 hours unti...
Van Hoogmoed L, Rakestraw PC, Snyder JR, Harmon FA.To determine the in vitro effect of various prostaglandins (PG) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) on contractile activity of the large-colon taenia of horses. Methods: 14 healthy horses. Methods: The taenia was collected from the ventral colon, cut into strips (2 X 10 mm), and mounted in a tissue bath system (20-ml capacity) that contained oxygenated Krebs buffer solution warmed to 37.5+/-0.5 C. After equilibration, incremental doses of PGE2, PGF2alpha, PGl2, flunixin meglumine, carprofen, ketoprofen, and phenylbutazone were added to the baths, and contractile activity was recor...
Andrews FM, Doherty TJ, Blackford JT, Nadeau JA, Saxton AM.To determine the effects of orally administered omeprazole, as enteric-coated capsules, on baseline and stimulated gastric acid secretion in horses. Methods: 5 healthy 8-year-old mixed-breed horses fitted with gastric cannulas. Methods: Enteric-coated granules of omeprazole were mixed with corn syrup and administered orally once daily for 5 consecutive days. On days 1 and 5 beginning 5 hours after omeprazole administration, 4 gastric fluid samples were collected, each for 15 minutes, via the gastric cannula (baseline samples). Pentagastrin was administered IV as a constant infusion for the sub...
Toews AR, Bailey JV, Townsend HG, Barber SM.To examine the amount of heat generated in equine cortical bone by a 6.2-mm drill, using low- and high-speed and controlled feed rate drilling. Methods: 10 metacarpal bones harvested from five 2-year-old draft-type horses. Methods: Drilling on metacarpal bones was done using a machine shop mill with which the feed rate and drill speed could be precisely controlled. Bones were drilled, using 6 combinations of feed rate (1, 2, and 3 mm advance/s) and drill speed (317 and 1,242 revolutions/min [rpm], with maximal temperatures recorded by thermocouples placed 1, 1.5, and 2 mm from the drill. Maxim...
Hathcock TL, Schumacher J, Wright JC, Stringfellow J.Feces collected from 40 horses with diarrhea and 34 horses without diarrhea were examined to determine if an association existed between isolation of Aeromonas spp. and diarrhea. Samples were also examined for Salmonella spp., and identification of viruses and parasite ova. Neither Salmonella spp. nor Aeromonas spp. were isolated from the feces of 34 control horses. Aeromonas spp. were isolated from feces of 22 of 40 (55%) horses with diarrhea. Salmonella spp. were isolated from feces of 8 (20%) horses, and of these, 5 (12.5%) were also positive for Aeromonas spp. Twenty-nine isolates of Aerom...
Perkins G, Ainsworth DM, Yeager A.This report documents the successful conservative medical management of hemothorax in 2 horses. Hemothorax occurred after a lung biopsy procedure (horse 1) and strenuous exercise on a treadmill (horse 2). The horses had tachypnea, tachycardia, nostril flaring, hemoptysis, and pawing. Hemothorax was suspected based upon absence of auscultable ventral lung sounds; development of cool extremities and pale, tacky mucous membranes; the ultrasonographic appearance of moderate to severe amounts of pleural fluid; and a concurrent decrease in hematocrit and total plasma protein. Both horses were treate...
Harkins JD, Lehner A, Karpiesiuk W, Woods WE, Dirikolu L, Boyles J, Carter WG, Tobin T.Bupivacaine is a potent local anaesthetic used in equine medicine. It is also classified as a Class 2 foreign substance by the Association of Racing Commissioners International (ARCI). The identification of residues in postrace urine samples may cause regulators to impose significant penalties. Therefore, an analytical/pharmacological database was developed for this medication. The highest no-effect dose (HNED) for the local anaesthetic effect of bupivacaine was determined to be 0.25 mg by using an abaxial sesamoid local anaesthetic model. Administration of the HNED of bupivacaine to eight hor...
Pérez R, Cabezas I, García M, Rubilar L, Sutra JF, Galtier P, Alvinerie M.A study was undertaken in order to evaluate and compare plasma disposition kinetic parameters of moxidectin and ivermectin after oral administration of their commercially available preparations in horses. Ten clinically healthy adult horses, weighing 390-446 kg body weight (b.w.), were allocated to two experimental groups of five horses. Group I was treated with an oral gel formulation of moxidectin (MXD) at the manufacturers recommended therapeutic dose of 0.4 mg/kg bw. Group II was treated with an oral paste formulation of ivermectin (IVM) at the manufacturers recommended dose of 0.2 mg/kg b...
Tobin T, Harkins JD, Sams RA.Proper veterinary care of horses requires that horses in training have access to modern therapeutic medication. However, the sensitivity of equine drug testing now allows for detection of pharmacologically insignificant concentrations of many therapeutic medications. In 1995, the Association of Racing Commissioners International (ARCI) resolved that members 'address trace level detection so as not to lead to disciplinary action based on pharmacologically insignificant traces of these substances'. The rationale behind this approach is to prevent overly-sensitive testing from inhibiting the prop...
Hung GC, Gasser RB, Beveridge I, Chilton NB.The first and second internal transcribed spacer sequences of 28 morphologically-defined species of horse strongyle were characterized, and specific oligonucleotide primers were designed for some species based on the nucleotide differences. Utilizing these primers, a PCR approach was developed for the specific amplification of ribosomal DNA of Strongylus vulgaris, Cyathostomum catinatum, Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cylicostephanus longibursatus or Cylicostephanus goldi. The method allowed the species-specific amplification of parasite DNA derived from faecal samples and/or copro-cultures, demonstra...
Heuchert CM, de Giulli V, de Athaide DF, Böse R, Friedhoff KT.Horses from six stud farms representing the most frequent types of horse breeding in Brazil were tested for Babesia antibodies by the IFA test. The farms are located at the tropic of Capricorn at an altitude of 472-715 m where temperatures below 0 degrees C may occur. Horses of conventional stud farms were infested with Dermacentor nitens, Amblyomma cajennense, and Boophilus microplus. Infestation with Bo. microplus was associated with direct or indirect contact of horses with cattle, and was not detected at professional stud farms. At one large professional stud farm, only D. nitens was obser...
Ximenes MF, Souza MF, Castellón EG.The objective of the present study was to determine the association of sand flies with the presence of domestic and wild animals in the peridomiciliary area. The sand flies were collected using direct aspiration and CDC light traps placed in animal shelters. The results suggest that different sand flies species have different behavioral characteristics in an apparent preference for animal baits and that Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lu. evandroi were the most eclectic species regarding their biotope choice. Lu. longipalpis showed a distinct preference for horses and Lu. evandroi for armadillos.
Rodríguez-Bertos A, Corchero J, Castaño M, Peña L, Luzón M, Gómez-Bautista M, Meana A.The pathological alterations caused by Anoplocephala perfoliata in the ileocaecal junction of 28 equids slaughtered in an abattoir in Madrid (Central Spain) are described. The lesions were scored in grades based on the intensity of the damage and were related to the tapeworm number observed. The first grade (grade I) of alterations consisted of a slight enteritis associated with focal erosions observed in 43% of parasitized animals with low parasitic burden (1-26 tapeworms). The second grade (grade II) was a focal pseudomembranous enteritis, present in the ileocaecal junctions of 36% infected ...
Marland A, Sarkar P, Leavitt R.Tenoxicam (Mobiflex) was administered orally to four standardbred mares at a dose of 200 mg. Elimination profiles of tenoxicam and hydroxytenoxicam were generated based on quantitation of these analytes in urine and serum by liquid chromatography (LC) with ultraviolet detection. Tenoxicam was confirmed by LC-tandem mass spectrometry daughter ion mass spectra in the last postadministration sample in which tenoxicam was detected. The tenoxicam and hydroxytenoxicam urinary elimination profiles had the same shape for the same horse; however, each horse was significantly different from the others. ...
Olszewski MA, Zhang XY, Robinson NE.In addition to their direct contractile effects, histamine (Hist), serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)], and leukotriene (LT) D(4), in low concentrations, dramatically augment electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced smooth muscle contractions in equine airways. To determine the mechanism of their action, we studied, in trachealis strips, the effect of these mediators on both cholinergically induced tension and the release of ACh from cholinergic nerves. All three mediators synergistically augmented the contraction of the trachealis that was due to release of endogenous ACh, i.e., EFS-indu...
Francqueville M, Sabbah A.Chronic urticaria in otherwise healthy sport horses, generally has an origin in a food allergy, accompanied by a facultative latent enteritis. Etiological diagnosis may be made by skin tests that permit a following targeted avoidance.
Allen AL.Postmortem radiography can be a valuable supplement to traditional necropsy. This article provides examples where postmortem radiographs have been useful in diagnosing and documenting lesions in animals, and have helped demonstrate important principles of the pathology and the pathogenesis of lesions identified at necropsy. This article also discusses additional circumstances where the application of postmortem radiography might be worthwhile.
Sayed-Ahmed MZ, Ahdy AM, Younis EE, El-Khodery SA, Baraka HN.Dermatophytosis is a contagious fungal disease among animal communities. The major concerns of dermatophytosis are cost of treatment, difficulty of control, and the public health consequences. The objective of the present study was to compare the clinical efficacy of Sumaq and Neem extract cream with that of traditional treatments, eniloconazole and glycerine iodine, on dermatophytosis in Arabian horses. For this purpose, 37 Arabian horses with dermatophytosis had been used. Fungal isolation and identification for each horse were carried out by standard microbiological procedures. Sumaq (Rhus ...
Lowry TF, Forster HV, Korducki MJ, Forster AL, Forster MA.To gain insight into central and peripheral contributions to changes in breathing during hypoxia, we compared effects on breathing of reducing inspired PO2 (hypoxic hypoxia) with reducing arterial O2 content (CaO2) through elevation of carboxy-hemoglobin (COHb) (CO hypoxia). Twelve awake ponies were studied during 1 h of breathing room air followed by 6 h when COHb was increased to 25% and CaO2 was decreased by 17%. When COHb was increased, arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) increased gradually to 1.3 Torr above (P < 0.05) control level between 30 and 45 min of CO exposure. Pulmonary ventilation (VE) de...
Matthews NS, Hartsfield SM, Sanders EA, Light GS, Slater MS.All 43 horses anaesthetised for colic surgery were premedicated with xylazine or diazepam. Anaesthesia was induced with guaifenesin and ketamine, horses were placed in dorsal recumbency and anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen and mechanical ventilation. Haemoglobin saturation readings (SpO2) were taken with a pulse oximeter and compared with computed haemoglobin saturation (SaO2) from arterial blood samples. Readings were taken over a range of SaO2 of 78-100%, mean arterial blood pressure ranged from 24 to 108 mmHg and PaO2 ranged from 53 to 490 mmHg. Analysis of 107 readings ...
Fitzgerald BP, Meyer SL, Affleck KJ, Silvia PJ.The potential of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist (goserelin acetate), delivered constantly for 28 days via a subcutaneous depot, to induce ovulation in seasonally anestrous mares, was investigated. Two experiments were conducted, in which a range of doses (30 to 240 micrograms/mare/d) was examined. Mares were selected on the basis of lack of substantial follicular development (follicle diameter < 20 mm determined ultrasonically) and low serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone. Constant administration of the GnRH agonist-induced ovulation in anestrou...
Kettler MK, Weil MR, Perryman LE.Serum uric acid concentrations were determined in horses known to be carriers of combined immunodeficiency gene(s) and in presumed noncarrier horses. Uric acid concentrations were significantly higher (P less than 0.005) in carrier horses than in presumed noncarrier horses. However, there was some overlap in serum uric acid concentrations between carrier and presumed noncarrier horses.
Mentoor JL, Lubisi AB, Gerdes T, Human S, Williams JH, Venter M.We report here the complete genome sequence of a lineage 2 West Nile virus (WNV) strain that resulted in fatal neurological disease in a horse in South Africa. Several recent reports exist of neurological disease associated with lineage 2 WNV in humans and horses in South Africa and Europe; however, there are a lack of sequencing data from recent fatal cases in Southern Africa, where these strains likely originate. A better understanding of the genetic composition of highly neuroinvasive lineage 2 strains may facilitate the identification of putative genetic factors associated with increased v...
Parlevliet JM, Paccamonti DL, Barker SA.This study was conducted to measure the concentration of cefquinome in the endometrium of mares after intrauterine treatment and to evaluate associated inflammation. Mares (n = 14) were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: (i) control (n = 4) were either not treated (n = 2) or received (n = 2) lactated Ringer's intrauterine for 1 or 3 days; (ii) treated mares (n = 10) received intrauterine cefquinome for 1 or 3 days. After at least 10 days had passed following the last treatment and ovulation, mares were given Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) and were randomly assigned to an alte...
Hoffmann WE, Dorner JL, Morris H.Two isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase from horse kidney were identified by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Horse kidney alkaline phosphatase was similar to horse intestinal alkaline phosphatase, in regard to both antigenicity and response to levamisole inhibition, but different from horse liver alkaline phosphatase. This study suggests that horse kidney alkaline phosphatase is an expression of the intestinal gene locus and not the hepatic gene locus.
Dunkel B, Rickards KJ, Page CP, Cunningham FM.To determine the phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoenzymes in equine platelets and evaluate their influence on platelet adhesion. Methods: Platelets obtained from healthy New Forest Pony geldings that ranged from 12 to 20 years of age (mean +/- SEM, 17.3 +/- 1.1 years). Methods: PDE isoenzyme activity in equine platelets was determined by use of a 2-step radioactive assay. Functional importance of PDE isoenzymes was established by use of selective inhibitors in a colorimetric adhesion assay. Results: PDE1, PDE2, PDE3, and PDE5 and small amounts of PDE4 were found in equine platelets. Inhibition of PD...
Pereira MR, Trein CR, Webster A, Dallagnol B, Gonchoroski GZ, Pellegrini DP, Doyle R, Klafke G, Reck J.The apicomplexan hemoprotozoan Theileria equi is a tick-borne pathogen that causes disease in equids, and together with Babesia caballi, causes equine piroplasmosis (EP). Many ticks are associated with EP around the world, and in South America three species may be related: Dermacentor nitens, Amblyomma sculptum, and Rhipicephalus microplus, as they are commonly found in horses. Among the species cited above, only R. microplus is found in Rio Grande do Sul state, Southern Brazil. In addition, this state has the only area legally free of R. microplus in Brazil. This study aimed to compare the se...
Gehlen H, Bubeck K, Stadler P.In 12 healthy warmblood horses and 10 horses with mitral valve insufficiencies (MVI) of various degrees heart rate and pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PWP) was measured at rest and during standardised exercise on a high speed treadmill. There was a significant increase in PWP with each change in speed of the treadmill (p < 0.01). The PWP of horses with mild mitral valve regurgitation under working conditions was not significantly different compared to the healthy horses. The horses with moderate mitral valve regurgitation showed a significant higher pulmonary artery wedge pressure at rest and...
Ordakowski-Burk AL, Quinn RW, Shellem TA, Vough LR.Thousands of hectares of timothy (Phleum pretense L.) grown in the Mid-Atlantic region are infected by cereal rust mite (Abacarus hysterix) that causes discoloration and curling of leaves, decreased nutritional quality, and substantial decreases in yield. A decline in production of timothy hay can lower income for hay producers and cause horse owners to search for alternative hays. Low alkaloid reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) hay has potential as an alternative to timothy hay because it grows well in the Mid-Atlantic region, is believed to have a similar nutrient quality to timothy,...
Kim DY, Hodgin EC, Lopez MK, Nasarre C.A large primary retroperitoneal sublumbar neoplasm in a horse, with disseminated neoplastic foci in the brain, lung, kidney and spleen is described. The diagnosis was based on light microscopical studies and positive immunostaining for neuron-specific enolase. Because of the location of the primary tumour mass, the aortico-sympathetic ganglion (organ of Zukerkandl) is proposed as the origin.
Tulamo RM, Bramlage LR, Gabel AA.The case histories and follow-up data for 11 horses with slab fractures of the central or 3rd tarsal bones were examined for information pertaining to the diagnosis, which was difficult to identify, treatment, which was proven ineffective, and the prognosis, which was shown to be poor for return to racing. The purpose of the study was to define the results that could be obtained by nonoperative methods, in an attempt to determine whether surgical treatment was advisable. Nine of the horses were Standardbreds and 2 were Thoroughbreds; all horses were 2 to 4 years old and were being exercised at...
Archer RM, Parsons JC, Lindsay WA, Wilson JW, Smith DF.Three pairs of longitudinal enterotomies were performed in the small colon of 10 ponies. Each pair consisted of one enterotomy through the antimesenteric band and one through the sacculation. The ponies were destroyed 96 h after surgery. The enterotomies in the two sites were compared for: speed of surgery, adhesions, bursting wall tension, neovascularisation by micro-angiography, and histological reaction. Enterotomies made through the antimesenteric band were superior because they were quicker to perform, stronger, more accurately apposed, and had less inflammation than those made through th...
Afonso T, Giguère S, Brown SA, Barton MH, Rapoport G, Barba M, Dembek KA, Toribio RE, Coleman AE.Despite the paucity of data available, orally administered angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are empirically used in horses with valvular regurgitation. Objective: Evaluate the echocardiographic and hormonal changes in response to oral benazepril in horses with left-sided valvular regurgitation. Methods: Prospective, randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Methods: Horses with mitral valve (MR) and/or aortic valve regurgitation (AR) received oral benazepril (n = 6) at a dosage of 1 mg/kg q 12 h or a placebo (n = 5) for 28 days. Echocardiography was performed before drug...
Carson-Dunkerley SA, Hanson RR.To describe the short- and long-term survival rates in horses undergoing ovariectomy for granulosa cell tumors by use of the diagonal paramedian approach. Methods: Retrospective case study. Methods: 12 horses with granulosa cell tumors. Methods: A diagonal paramedian approach for unilateral ovariectomy was used for removal of each mare's granulosa cell tumor. Information about complications and outcomes was analyzed. Results: Only minimal complications were detected postoperatively when the diagonal paramedian approach was used, regardless of the preferred technique for ovarian pedicle ligatio...
Lenoir A, Perrin BRM, Lepage OM.Resection and anastomosis of small intestine during colic can lead to adhesions and recurrent colic. Several methods are available to reduce the rate of adhesions in the postoperative period, such as the use of serosal barriers. Surgical glues form a smooth surface, are fast to apply, and could reduce surgery time when performing anastomosis. A recently developed UV-polymerizable methacrylate adhesive (UV-PMA) is designed to anchor into the biological tissues' top surface offering sealant and a smooth cover over the anastomosis site. This adhesive was used ex vivo on fifteen samples of equine ...
Schelling CG, Klein LV.A double-blind comparison of carbonated lidocaine and lidocaine hydrochloride in caudal epidural anesthesia was performed in 8 horses. Among 5 horses with successfully paired bilateral caudal epidural blockades, no significant differences in onset time, duration, or sensory blockade were demonstrated. In the present study, carbonated lidocaine did not offer an advantage over the hydrochloride salt for caudal epidural anesthesia in the horse.
Neudeck S, Kästner SBR, Wittenberg-Voges L, Rohn K, Hopster K.OBJECTIVE To determine global and peripheral perfusion and oxygenation during anesthesia with equipotent doses of desflurane and propofol combined with a constant rate infusion of dexmedetomidine in horses. ANIMALS 6 warmblood horses. PROCEDURES Horses were premedicated with dexmedetomidine (3.5 μg•kg, IV). Anesthesia was induced with propofol or ketamine and maintained with desflurane or propofol (complete crossover design) combined with a constant rate infusion of dexmedetomidine (7 μg•kg •h). Microperfusion and oxygenation of the rectal, oral, and esophageal mucosa were measured bef...
Seidel SRT, de Souza AF, Fülber J, Bogossian PM, Rodrigues NNP, Baccarin RYA.Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a widely used hemocomponent that holds great promise in equine medicine due to its feasible production and regenerative therapy potential. Its use has been considered as a treatment for chronic laminitis, mainly in terms of its analgesic properties and because it can induce growth in affected hooves. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on hoof growth attributable to PRP applied in the coronary band of clinically healthy horses by comparing the responses to PRP, saline, and trimming alone. After randomization, the forelimbs of 9 horses received specifi...
Hogan PM, Bramlage LR, Pierce SW.A 14-year-old Thoroughbred broodmare was evaluated for signs of mild to moderate abdominal pain of 5 hours' duration. Exploratory celiotomy revealed a 20 x 8-cm subserosal hematoma associated with a focal serosal perforation overlying a muscular tear along the parietal surface of the stomach. The odor of intestinal tract gas was detected, but gross contamination of the abdomen was not evident. Concurrent partial volvulus of the small intestine was evident. Removal of the large colon from the abdomen appeared to coincide with propagation of the serosal perforation to a full-thickness gastric re...
Ginther OJ, Gastal EL, Gastal MO, Beg MA.Reported data were reviewed and reexamined to evaluate the concept that most of the follicular fluid enters the peritoneal cavity at ovulation in mares and transiently alters the circulating concentrations of LH, FSH, estradiol, and inhibin. A transrectal ultrasonographic study supported the hypothesis that the large volume (40-50 ml) of evacuated follicular fluid passes through the infundibular fimbriae into the peritoneal cavity. A spike in circulating inhibin and a decrease in the rate of reduction in circulatory estradiol occurs at ovulation. Simultaneously, a disruption occurs in the incr...
