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Topic:Public Health
The topic of Public Health and horses encompasses the study of interactions between equine populations and human health systems. It involves examining the transmission of zoonotic diseases, which are diseases that can be transferred between animals and humans, as well as the role of horses in the epidemiology of such diseases. This field also considers the impact of equine-related activities on public health, including injuries and environmental effects. Research in this area often explores preventive measures, management strategies, and policies to mitigate health risks associated with horses. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that investigate the intersection of equine and public health, focusing on disease transmission, risk assessment, and health management strategies.
Rabies in farm livestock in Nigeria. Between 1944 and 1977, the distribution of confirmed cases of rabies in farm livestock in Nigeria were 15 in cattle, 8 in goats, 4 each in sheep, pigs and horses and two in donkeys respectively. The less-cared-for pastoralist sheep - dogs as well as stray dogs have so far been the sole propagating animal species of rabies to farm livestock although wild fauna have been suspected. The fact that cases are sporadic and lower incidence of livestock rabies is generally reported than the number that actually occurs makes the formulation of a definite control measures difficult. The need to educate n...
Isolation of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella krefeld from clinical veterinary materials. Six isolations of Salmonella krefeld were made from clinical veterinary specimens. These isolates were multiply resistant to several antimicrobial agents commonly used to treat salmonellosis.
The prevalence and epizootiology of salmonellosis among groups of horses in south east Queensland. Over a 3-year period, 1178 faecal samples were cultured from 462 horses admitted to the equine clinic of the University of Queensland; 185 samples were positive for salmonella yielding 213 isolations consisting of 21 serotypes. S. anatum was the predominant serotype isolated (54%) followed by S. ohio (11.27%) and S. typhimurium (9.4%). One hundred and ten horses (23.81%) were positive on one or more occasion, and 42 (9.09%) on more than one occasion. S. anatum was the most common serotype isolated (71.43%) from the main drains in the stable block (33.57% positive samples). The prevalence of sa...
Carcinogenicity of dichlorvos. Dichlorvos, 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, an organophosphate insecticide, is widely used for the control of agricultural, industrial, and domestic pests (Fig. 1) [1]. Dichlorvos is administered orally as an anthelmintic to swine, horses, cats, and dogs. It is applied by dermal application to cattle, goats, sheep, swine, and chickens to control fleas, flies, and mites. Cucumbers, radishes, lettuce, and tomatoes are treated with dichlorvos in greenhouses. Aerosols and strips are used for the control of ants, bedbugs, ticks, cockroaches, flies, mosquitoes, silverfish, spiders, and wasps. ...
Distribution of ribonucleic acid coliphages in animals. To determine the distribution pattern of ribonucleic acid (RNA) coliphages (classified by serological groups I through IV) in animal sources, we isolated RNA phages from (i) feces samples from domestic animals (cows, pigs, horses, and fowls), some other animals in a zoological garden, and humans, (ii) the gastrointestinal contents of cows and pigs, and (iii) sewage samples from treatment plants in slaughter houses. These samples were then analyzed serologically. The concentration of RNA phages in the first and second kinds of material was fairly low (10 to 10(3) plaque-forming units per origin...
[Contagious equine metritis 1977 (CEM). A review (author’s transl)]. The properties of the bacterium, symptoms, post-mortem findings, diagnosis, therapy, control, prevention and epizootiology of contagious equine metritis 1977 (CEM) are reviewed. This disease was previously diagnosed in most of the countries surrounding the Netherlands, but has not been reported so far in the Netherlands. On the analogy of the serum adopted in other countries, a code of practice was developed to prevent and control this disease when it is diagnosed.
Quantitative epidemiological studies on the prevalence of babesiosis in horses in Kuwait. Racehorses imported into Kuwait were tested for serum antibodies to Babesia equi and B. caballi by complement fixation (CF) and indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) tests. The prevalence of B. equi was high (77.1% by IFA) whereas that of B. caballi was much lower (11.4%). Data for B. equi showed that infection was acquired after about 6 months at risk and that in the following 12 months animals had antibody levels detectable by both CF and IFA tests by 24 months the CF reaction was no longer detectable. Estimates of incidence and inoculation rates were calculated and found to be consistent with...
Hydatidosis in donkeys in Morocco. The lungs and livers of 429 adult donkeys from different parts of Morocco were examined for hydatid cysts; 4·2% of lungs were infected and 2·1% of livers. Most of the cysts were small and had very hard thick walls; 61% of the donkeys had only one hydatid cyst; 78·5% of them were sterile and 29% caseated or calcified.
Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from selected animal species. Yersinia enterocolitica was isolated from 5 of 1,002 fecal samples taken from laboratory rats and mice, hamsters, dogs, cats, pigs, cattle, horses, and deer. Two isolates were from dogs (2 of 202; 1%) and 1 from a pig (1 of 107; 0.9%). The 3 isolates were biotype 1. Atypical environmental Y enterocolitica was isolated from a cow (1 of 141; 0.7%) and a horse (1 of 101; 1%). Isolates were not recovered from the other animal species.
Dust levels in a riding stable. Over a period of 4 months, in winter, the mean concentration of airborne particles in the ambient air of a riding stable was 0.41 mg/m3. This value was significantly higher than that found outdoors (0.04 mg/m3). During the day, levels of airborne particles were highest when stalls were cleaned and soiled bedding from the previous night replenished, and lowest when all stable activities had ceased. Fine particles, capable of entering the pulmonary alveoli, constituted 30 to 40 per cent of the total mass concentration of airborne particles.
A survey of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin antibody in human and animal sera in western Canada. Sera from human, cattle, sheep, swine, and horse populations in western Canada were tested for the presence of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin antibody by the passive hemagglutination (PHA) test, supplemented by an immunodiffusion test and by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. A total of 224 human, 345 cattle, 165 sheep, 620 swine, and 768 horse serum samples were examined. Low-titer reactions in the PHA test were detected in human, cattle, horse, and swine sera, in that order, with no titers demonstrated in sheep. The titers in human sera ranged up to 1:128 and three of these samples were also...
An epidemic of Getah virus infection among racehorses: isolation of the virus. During the autumn of 1978 a disease characterised by fever and occasionally by exanthema and/or oedema of the limbs was seen in approximately 13 per cent of horses in a training stable in the Kanto district of Japan. A virus was isolated by the intracerebral inoculation of one-day-old mice from blood and nasal swabs taken from naturally and experimentally infected horses. The virus was subsequently passaged in two monkey kidney cell lines in which it produced complete cytopathic changes. Infected horses developed neutralising, complement fixing and haemagglutinin inhibiting antibodies to the v...
