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Topic:Veterinary Care
Veterinary care in horses encompasses the medical and preventive measures taken to maintain and improve the health and well-being of equine patients. It includes a wide range of practices such as routine health examinations, vaccinations, dental care, parasite control, and management of injuries and diseases. Veterinary care also involves diagnostic procedures, surgical interventions, and therapeutic treatments tailored to the specific needs of horses. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of equine veterinary care, including advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and health management strategies to support the well-being and performance of horses.
A lipoma of the extensor tendon sheaths in a horse. This report describes the identification and surgical removal of a lipoma from the extensor tendon sheaths of a horse. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a lipoma of the extensor tendon sheaths of a horse. Ultrasonographic evaluation was crucial to patient management, providing information regarding the soft tissue mass characteristics, tumor margins and synovial involvement prior to surgical exploration. Surgical removal was performed and was curative.
Effect of experience on rodeo injury. To document injury rates, severity, and relative risk during five competitive seasons of Canadian professional rodeo, between experienced (saddle bronc [SB], bareback [BB], and bull riders [BR]) and inexperienced (novice saddle bronc [NSB], novice bareback [NBB], and boys' steer riders [BSR]) rough stock competitors. Methods: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Canadian professional rodeo competition. Methods: Experienced competitors included professional cowboys from Australia, Brazil, New Zealand, the United States, and Canada. Inexperienced competitors included cowboys from Canada and the Un...
Rapid immunohistochemical detection of Rhodococcus equi in impression smears from affected foals on postmortem examination. The first objective of this study was to develop an immunohistochemical procedure for rapid detection of Rhodococcus equi in impression smears from affected organs of foals on postmortem examination. The second aim was to demonstrate whether R. equi can be detected in smears of tracheal exudates collected from the same foals using an immunohistochemical method. Impression smears and cryostat and paraffin-embedded sections were made from the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes of three foals (A, B and C) that had died of respiratory disease caused by R. equi, and also from the caudal mesenteric l...
Microanatomic characteristics of the insertion of the distal sesamoidean impar ligament and deep digital flexor tendon on the distal phalanx in healthy feet obtained from horses. To describe microanatomic characteristics of the insertion of the aistal sesamoidean impar ligament (DSIL) and deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) on the distal phalanx in horses. Methods: Healthy feet obtained from 62 horses of various breeds. Methods: Feet from 23 horses were used to histologically examine the insertion of the DSIL and DDFT (n = 7), its vasculature (10), and neural elements (6). In 39 other horses, the insertion zone was examined for proteoglycan. Results: The insertion of the DSIL and dorsal half of the DDFT contained bundles of collagen fibers with intervening loose connecti...
Evaluation and treatment of an adult quarter horse with an unusual fracture of the humerus and septic arthritis. Humeral fractures are rare and usually carry a guarded prognosis in adult horses. This paper describes the evaluation and the successful surgical management of a fracture of the lateral supracondyloid crest and part of the epicondyle of the humerus in an adult quarter horse.
Perirectal abscess, colic, and dyschezia in a horse. A quarter horse gelding with intermittent colic was diagnosed with a perirectal abscess and dyschezia. Rectal ultrasonography identified a multiloculated, fluid-filled mass. A perirectal abscess was diagnosed when the mass ruptured and drained into the rectum. The abscess was treated successfully with warm soapy water enemas and trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.
[The origin and function of the enamel cup, infundibulum dentis, on the incisors of the horse]. The enamel cups of equids originated phylogenetically through several phases in Oligocene and Miocene horses, which readjusted from hard to soft leaf food and from double nutrition (leaves and grass) to a pure grass intake. This has been proved experimentally. The resulting construction of the incisor is continually changed on its occlusal surface by erosion according to the pattern of the enamel crests. Referring to the whole incisor tooth, this results in an equid life cycle in which the good grip of the occlusal surface and the efficiency of ingestion favours the young, sexually mature hors...
Horse-related injuries in children. To identify the frequency, spectrum and outcome of horse-related injuries in children. Methods: Retrospective case series of horse-related injuries in children admitted to the Children's Hospital at Westmead (CHW) from January 1988 to December 1999, the John Hunter Children's Hospital (JHCH) from January 1991 to December 1997 and deaths reported to the New South Wales Paediatric Trauma Death (NPTD) Registry from January 1988 to December 1999. Methods: Circumstances of injury; helmet use; adult supervision; type and number of injuries identified. Results: 232 children were admitted with horse-r...
Conditioning taste aversions to locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) in horses. Locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) is a serious poisoning problem for horses grazing on infested rangelands in the western United States. Our objectives were to determine 1) whether lithium chloride or apomorphine would condition aversions to palatable foods, and at what doses, and 2) whether horses could be averted to fresh locoweed in a pen and grazing situation. Apomorphine was not an acceptable aversive agent because at the dose required to condition an aversion (> or = 0.17 mg/kg BW), apomorphine induced unacceptable behavioral effects. Lithium chloride given via stomach tube at 190 mg/kg BW...
Surgical management of a ureteral defect with ureterorrhaphy and of ureteritis with ureteroneocystostomy in a foal. A 2-day-old male foal developed uroperitoneum. Initial exploration of the abdomen via ventral midline celiotomy failed to localize the source of uroperitoneum. Bilateral nephropyelocentesis and antegrade urography were performed, and a defect in the right ureter and stenosis of the left ureter were identified. With the foal in dorsal recumbency in the Trendelenburg position, ureterorrhaphy was performed on the right ureter. After ureterorrhaphy, a ureteral catheter was maintained as a stent. The stenotic left ureter was transected, and ureteroneocystostomy was performed using a drop-in mucosal...
Human nutritional supplements in the horse: comparative effects of 19-norandrostenedione and 19-norandrostenediol on the 19-norsteroid profile and consequences for doping control. The dietary supplements 19-norandrostenedione and 19-norandrostenediol are potential metabolic precursors of nandrolone. They are considered by law in the United States as prohormones without proven therapeutic, curative or diagnostic properties, and therefore available as over-the-counter drugs. Oral dosages of 0.1-1 mg/kg body weight were readily absorbed in the equine intestinal tract and thereby led to urinary excretion of drastically increased 5alpha-estrane-3beta,17alpha-diol conjugates, which are known to be final metabolites of nandrolone. The actual rules for detection of illicit nand...
Reproductive efficiency of intensively managed Thoroughbred mares in Newmarket. The findings of a retrospective survey of 1393 Thoroughbred mares visiting 22 studfarms in the Newmarket region of the UK during the 1998 mating season were compared with those of a similar study undertaken in 1983. The effects of mare age and status, stallion, month of mating, application of uterine treatments and other parameters on the rates of singleton and twin conception and subsequent pregnancy losses were analysed. Mare age and status significantly affected the per cycle pregnancy rate and the incidence of pregnancy loss. Overall, the mean number of matings per oestrus was 1.12 and the...
Ultrasonographic investigation of the atlanto-occipital articulation in the horse. The purpose of this study was to evaluate ultrasonographic imaging as a means of easy and noninvasive diagnosis of articular and periarticular structures of the atlanto-occipital articulation in the horse; and to find a safe approach to the atlanto-occipital joint. Ultrasonographic investigations were performed on 6 healthy horses and 16 specimens from horses humanely destroyed age 2-17 years (mean 9.56 years). Preliminary examinations included anatomical studies and preparation of cross-sections. On 4 horse specimens, puncture of the atlanto-occipital joint under ultrasonographic guidance was...
Successful treatment of a colonic adenocarcinoma in a horse. Malignant neoplasia of the equine large colon is rare and reports
are limited to a few cases of adenocarcinoma (Traub et al. 1983;
Wright and Edwards 1984; Rottman et al. 1991; Kirchhof et al.
1996; East et al. 1998) and lymphosarcoma (Dabareiner et al.
1996). Early diagnosis of colonic neoplasia is crucial if one is to
attempt surgical resection before metastasis has occurred.
Unfortunately, microscopic (Dabareiner et al. 1996) or
macroscopic (Traub et al. 1983; Rottman et al. 1991; East et al.
1998) metastasis are often already present by the time of diagnosis
since clinical signs o...
Urea as a measure of dilution of equine synovial fluid. This paper tests the hypothesis that serum and synovial urea concentrations are similar and that urea concentration can be used as an accurate marker for synovial fluid dilution in normal equine joints. Serum and synovial fluid urea concentrations were compared in 42 horses and were equivalent for individual horses (P<0.0001). Mean +/- s.e. serum concentration was 6.1+/-0.552 mmol/l and synovial concentration 6.0+/-0.459 mmol/l. The normal range for synovial urea concentration was determined as 2.5-7.7 mmol/l. The synovial urea concentration from different synovial structures in individual hor...
Caprine serum fraction immunomodulator as supplemental treatment of lower respiratory disease in the horse. Suppurative lower airway disease is a common debilitating disease in performance horses and, while rarely fatal, is often recalcitrant to conventional therapy. A variety of treatments have been used to combat this condition and we conducted two types of studies to determine if caprine serum fraction--immunomodulator (CSFI), a nonspecific immunomodulator, improved recovery from lower respiratory disease. Two dose response studies were performed to ascertain the efficacy of CSFI. Horses were maintained daily on conventional antibiotic therapy. Respiratory tract exudate, nasal discharge, dyspnoea...
Diffusion of mepivacaine between adjacent synovial structures in the horse. Part 1: forelimb foot and carpus. This paper tests the hypothesis that the local analgesic agent mepivacaine diffuses between adjacent equine synovial structures in the forelimb and with greater frequency than latex, gelatine dye or contrast media. We report the incidence of diffusion of mepivacaine between the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) and navicular bursa (NB) of the forelimbs and between the intercarpal (IC) and radiocarpal (RC) joints of 31 fresh equine cadavers. The DIPJ of one forelimb and the NB of the contra lateral forelimb and the RC joint of one forelimb and the IC joint of the contra lateral forelimb were ...
An assessment of the ability of diplomates, practitioners, and students to describe and interpret recordings of heart murmurs and arrhythmia. The ability of clinicians, ie, 10 veterinary students, 10 general practitioners, and 10 board certified internists, to describe and interpret common normal and abnormal heart sounds was assessed. Recordings of heart sounds from 7 horses with a variety of normal and abnormal rhythms, heart sounds, and murmurs were analyzed by digital sonography. The perception of the presence or absence of the heart sounds S1, S2, and S4 was similar for clinicians irrespective of their level of training and was in agreement with the sonographic interpretation on 89, 82, and 78% of occasions, respectively. Howev...
Diffusion of mepivacaine between adjacent synovial structures in the horse. Part 2: tarsus and stifle. This paper tests the hypothesis that the local analgesic agent mepivacaine diffuses between adjacent equine synovial structures in the hindlimb and with greater frequency than latex, gelatine dye or contrast media. We report the incidence of diffusion of mepivacaine between the tarsometatarsal, centrodistal and tarsocrural joints, and the 3 synovial compartments of the stifle in 33 fresh equine cadavers. The tarsometatarsal joint and one synovial compartment of the stifle in the left limb and the centrodistal joint and a different synovial compartment of the stifle in the right limbs were inje...
Suspected adverse reactions to veterinary drugs reported in South Africa (January 1998 – February 2001). The Veterinary Pharmacovigilance Centre received 59 reports of suspected adverse drug reactions during the period January 1998 - February 2001. The number of reports received increased after the establishment of a formal procedure for recording and responding to reports. The number of reports received per species was: dogs 19, cats 15, cattle 7, sheep/ goats 6, chickens 4, pigs 3, horses 2 and giraffe 1. Many different types of adverse reactions were reported, including lack of efficacy, hypersensitivity, inappropriate use of products by non-veterinarians, known adverse effects and adverse eff...
Use of sterile maggots to treat panniculitis in an aged donkey. An aged female donkey developed a severe, localised, suppurative panniculitis secondary to a skin wound. Bacterial culture of swabs taken from the wound gave a profuse growth of multi-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a profuse growth of Escherichia coli and a moderate growth of beta-haemolytic Streptococcus species. The lesion did not respond to conventional medical and surgical treatment and continued to progress. Six applications of sterile larvae (maggots) of the common greenbottle, Lucilia sericata, were used to debride the wound successfully.
