Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Veterinary Care
Veterinary care in horses encompasses the medical and preventive measures taken to maintain and improve the health and well-being of equine patients. It includes a wide range of practices such as routine health examinations, vaccinations, dental care, parasite control, and management of injuries and diseases. Veterinary care also involves diagnostic procedures, surgical interventions, and therapeutic treatments tailored to the specific needs of horses. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of equine veterinary care, including advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and health management strategies to support the well-being and performance of horses.
Effects of centrifugation, glycerol level, cooling to 5 degrees C, freezing rate and thawing rate on the post-thaw motility of equine sperm. Five experiments evaluated the effects of processing, freezing and thawing techniques on post-thaw motility of equine sperm. Post-thaw motility was similar for sperm frozen using two cooling rates. Inclusion of 4% glycerol extender was superior to 2 or 6%. Thawing in 75 degrees C water for 7 sec was superior to thawing in 37 degrees C water for 30 sec. The best procedure for concentrating sperm, based on sperm motility, was diluting semen to 50 x 10(6) sperm/ml with a citrate-based centrifugation medium at 20 degrees C and centrifuging at 400 x g for 15 min. There was no difference in sperm mo...
Anesthesia for cesarean section in large animals. Respiratory minute volume, blood volume, RBC mass and cardiac output increase while the functional residual capacity decreases during late pregnancy. General anesthetics reach the fetus in high concentrations and tend to persist in the fetus after delivery. Use of small doses of a combination of anesthetics is recommended. Ephedrine increases vascular tone and cardiac output. Glycopyrrolate and fentanyl-droperidol are used to restrain sows for cesarean section. Morphine alone or with acepromazine works well in depressed sows. Acepromazine or xylazine, used with ketamine, is good in restraining...
Preliminary study on the pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital in the neonatal foal. Pharmacokinetic characteristics of the anticonvulsant phenobarbital were studied in seven pony and two Thoroughbred foals aged between four and 10 days. A single, 20 mg/kg bodyweight (bwt) dose of phenobarbital was given intravenously over 25 mins and the serum concentrations of the drug were measured using an EMIT AED assay (coefficient of variation 1.37 per cent at 30 micrograms/ml, n = 7). Phenobarbital elimination was found to follow first order kinetics. The mean (+/- sd) peak phenobarbital serum concentration was 18.6 +/- 2.1 micrograms/ml at 1 h after initiation of infusion with a mean ...
Response to oxygen administration in foals: effect of age, duration and method of administration on arterial blood gas values. The effect of oxygen administration on blood gas values was examined in six newborn foals from birth to seven days old. Three variables were studied: the effect of increasing age on the ability to elevate arterial oxygen tension (Pao2), the effect of duration of oxygen delivery on Pao2 and the effect of method of administration. The results demonstrated a significant effect of age on the ability to increase Pao2 values, with the highest Pao2 values being found at seven days old. The duration of oxygen administration caused little change in Pao2 values; peak values were reached after 2 mins of ...
Preliminary studies of mammary secretions in the mare to assess foetal readiness for birth. The status of the mare and foetus in relation to readiness for birth was assessed by measurement of the electrolytes sodium, potassium and calcium in mammary secretions pre-partum. Sixteen Thoroughbred mares were allowed to foal spontaneously and the ionic status of their mammary secretions was measured over three to five weeks pre-partum. From these measurements, a scoring system was developed where an ionic score of 35 points or more suggested that the mare was within 24 h of foaling. On the basis of this ionic score, 10 pony mares were induced with either oxytocin or fluprostenol and assess...
Problems in the post-mortem diagnosis of equine hydatidosis. This research article investigates the varying challenges that have arisen in accurately diagnosing equine hydatidosis, a disease in horses, during post-mortem examinations. The paper focuses on the possible influence of […]
Maduromycosis (Madurella mycetomatis) in a horse. A case of maduromycosis mycetoma caused by Madurella mycetomatis is reported. The horse presented with multiple subcutaneous swelling over the right scapula. There were no discharging fistulae present. Macroscopically the lesion contained a black granular material embedded in a granulomatous mass. Microscopically large numbers of microcolonies were present containing segmented hyphae. No typical chlamydospores were observed. Cultures yielded a fungus identified as Madurella mycetomatis. Treatment consisted of surgical excision and local treatment with thiabendazole powder.
Gastric retention associated with a pyloric mass in two horses. Partial pyloric obstruction causing gastric retention is described in 2 young female horses. Gastric retention was confirmed by contrast radiography of the upper gastrointestinal tract. In both horses a large mass was palpated in the wall of the pyloric antrum at exploratory laparotomy. Post-mortem examination of the first case confirmed that this mass was associated with chronic gastric ulceration. Gastric ulceration was not confirmed in the second case but this horse recovered after the pylorus and duodenum were bypassed by gastro-jejunostomy.
Congenital nuclear cataracts in the Morgan horse. Nuclear cataracts were found in 2 groups of related Morgan horses. The cataracts were finely reticulated central spherical translucencies that sometimes extended to the region of the posterior "Y" suture. The cataracts were not associated with other ocular defects and did not impair vision. In 1 group of 8 horses, 5 were affected; in the other group, 6 of 8 were affected. Although a pattern of inheritance could not be determined, the familial distribution of the cataracts supported the conclusion that the defect was a heritable disorder.
Aeromonas hydrophila in livestock: incidence, biochemical characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility. Faecal samples from 110 horses, 115 pigs, 111 sheep and 123 cows were examined for the presence of Aeromonas hydrophila, which was also sought in the available drinking water. The overall faecal rate was 11.8%, but significantly more bovine than other samples were found to be positive. There was significant association between the isolation of A. hydrophila from all animal faeces and its presence in drinking water, but this was not found when individual animal groups were analysed separately. An enrichment technique increased the total number of isolates by 77.1%. Strains of differing origins ...
Critical test evaluations of oxfendazole and trichlorfon: effectiveness of a paste formulation in the horse. Critical tests were performed on 6 horses to evaluate the antiparasitic effectiveness of oxfendazole given in combination with trichlorfon in a paste formulation. Treatments were given orally as a single dose. The rates of active ingredient administration were 2.5 and 40 mg/kg of body weight for oxfendazole and trichlorfon, respectively. The combined activities of the 2 antiparasitic compounds proved 100% efficacious in the removal of adult Strongylus vulgaris, S edentatus, Oxyuris equi, and Parascaris equorum. Fourth stage O equi, and 2nd and 3rd instars of Gasterophilus nasalis also were com...
Lacerations of the equine eye: a review of 48 cases. Perforating corneal wounds in horses have a better prognosis than wounds that involve both cornea and sclera. Sharp objects tend to produce more isolated corneal wounds and have a better prognosis than do wounds produced by blunt objects. The records of 43 horses that sustained penetrating wounds of the cornea were reviewed. In addition, the surgical approach and postoperative wound management is described. The report attempts to provide more information regarding the management of ocular trauma in horses.
Vitamin K3-induced renal toxicosis in the horse. Renal toxicosis attributable to vitamin K3 (menadione sodium bisulfite) was suspected in 5 young adult horses in which acute renal failure developed following parenteral administration of vitamin K3 at the manufacturers' recommended dosages. Renal disease was subsequently induced experimentally in 5 of 6 horses by administration of vitamin K3 at manufacturers' recommended dosages. Signs of renal disease in the clinical patients as well as in the horses treated experimentally included renal colic, hematuria, azotemia, and electrolyte abnormalities consistent with acute renal failure. Two clinic...
Preliminary X-ray investigation of enzyme substrate complexes of horse muscle phosphoglycerate kinase. Crystals of horse muscle 3-phosphoglycerate kinase have been grown in the presence of a wide variety of substrates using either potassium tartrate or polyethylene glycol as a precipitant. In those grown from polyethylene glycol, two related crystal forms have been obtained by varying the nature of the substrates present in the crystallization medium. In order to obtain one of these forms, form B, the presence of the substrate 3-phosphoglycerate appears to be essential. The two crystal forms are not interconvertible by simple diffusion experiments and the crystals grown in the absence of 3-phos...
Vascular neoplasia in the skin of horses. Of 21 vascular tumors in equine skin, 18 were histologically benign (hemangiomas) and 3 were malignant (hemangiosarcomas). Of the 18 hemangiomas, 12 were in horses less than or equal to 1 year old, and 6 of these horses were born with the lesions. The 3 horses with hemangiosarcomas ranged from 8.5 to 13 years of age.
Interrelationship of some electrocardiogram amplitudes, time intervals and respiration in the horse. The relationship of the scalar and vector magnitudes of the QRS waveform to RR, PR and respiration was examined in 10 horses in regular rhythm using an orthogonal lead system. There were no significant changes in the durations of RR and PR with respiration. The amplitudes of the scalar variables XR and YR were directly related and that of XQ (or XS) and ZR were inversely related to PR in this group of horses. The peak spatial vector magnitude and its H-plane angle were directly related to PR and inversely related to RR. The effect of inspiration on the QRS was a decrease in YR and ZR, an incre...
Pyloric stenosis in a yearling with an incidental finding of Capillaria hepatica in the liver. PYLORIC stenosis occurs commonly in man and the dog but only rarely in the horse and cat. Two reports of pyloric stenosis in the horse have been published, both of these occurring in foals of less than two months of age (Barth, Barber and Mackenzie 1980; Crowhurst, Simpson, McEnery and Greenwood 1975). Surgery on the pylorus performed under general anaesthesia was successful in both cases. This report describes a case of pyloric stenosis in a Thoroughbred yearling.
