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Topic:Veterinary Medicine
Veterinary medicine for horses encompasses the study and application of medical practices to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases in equine species. This field involves a comprehensive understanding of equine anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. Veterinary practitioners employ a range of diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions to address health issues in horses, including lameness, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory conditions, and infectious diseases. Preventative care, such as vaccination and deworming programs, is also a significant aspect of equine veterinary medicine. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of veterinary medicine as it pertains to horses, including advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and preventive health strategies.
Effect of aspiration of the preovulatory follicle on luteinization, corpus luteum function, and peripheral plasma gonadotropin concentrations in the mare. Follicular fluid from small- to medium-sized follicles has been shown to have an inhibiting effect on luteinization of granulosa cells in vitro. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of in vivo removal of follicular fluid on luteinization, peripheral gonadotropin concentrations, and ovulation of secondary follicles in the mare. Follicular fluid was aspirated from the preovulatory follicles of mares when the diameter of the follicle was 30-34 mm (Group A), 35-39 mm (Group B), or 40-44 mm (Group C). Mares in Group D served as controls and the preovulatory follicle was not aspirated....
Biochemical study of repair of induced osteochondral defects of the distal portion of the radial carpal bone in horses by use of periosteal autografts. Periosteal autografts were used for repair of large osteochondral defects in 10 horses aged 2 to 3 years old. In each horse, osteochondral defects measuring 1.0 x 1.0 cm2 were induced bilaterally on the distal articular surface of each radial carpal bone. Control and experimental defects were drilled. Periosteum was harvested from the proximal portion of the tibia and was glued into the principal defects, using a fibrin adhesive. Control defects were glued, but were not grafted. Sixteen weeks after the grafting procedure, the quality of the repair tissue of control and grafted defects was asse...
[The effects of crude drugs using diuretic on horse kidney (Na+ + K+)-adenosine triphosphatase]. In the folk-medicine, several kinds of crude drugs are used as diuretics. Twenty three kinds of diuretic drugs were chosen, and examined for their effects on the horse kidney (Na+ + K+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), which is an intrinsic enzyme of the plasma membrane and responsible for the active transport of Na+ and K+ across the membrane. Twenty one out of twenty three kinds of ethanol extracts of diuretic drugs inhibited the kidney (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity. The intensity of the inhibition of these drugs was compared by estimating the amounts of their ethanol extracts which inhibited...
[A case of diprosopus in a foal]. A case of diprosopus in a foal is described. This is only the second report of such a deformity in the equine species. Hereditary pathology and pathogenesis are discussed.
[Symptomatology and diagnosis of Borna encephalitis of horses. A case analysis of the last 13 years]. In a retrospective study of 38 horses with Borna encephalitis which were clinically and histopathologically examined in the "I. Medizinische Tierklinik" in Munich between 1977 and 1990, the epidemiology, the clinical symptomatic and the diagnostic procedures available are presented. Indirect immunofluorescence showed antibodies in the serum of 12 out of 29 cases (41%) and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 17 out of 28 cases (61%). The evaluation of 23 cases in which indirect immunofluorescence of serum and CSF, and also the post mortem virological and histopathological examination of the bra...
Equine cutaneous mastocytoma: morphology, biological behaviour and evolution of the lesion. Thirty equine cutaneous mastocytomas were examined histologically and two were studied ultrastructurally. Lesions were characterized by distinct sheets of well-differentiated mast cells with variable degrees of eosinophil infiltration, collagen degeneration, necrosis, granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis. Twenty-two of 25 growths did not recur for up to 6 years after surgical excision, two recurred at the surgical site and one spontaneously regressed less than 3 months after obtaining a biopsy sample. Equine cutaneous mastocytoma is a benign proliferative lesion which seldom recurs after ex...
Atrial septal defect and atrial fibrillation in a foal. Clinical examination of a four-and-a-half-month old foal revealed evidence of progressive heart failure associated with an atrial septal defect and atrial fibrillation. Atrial septal defects are rarely reported in foals and the foal's growth, development and demeanour were normal until a sudden onset of lethargic behaviour. The value of B-mode echocardiography in identifying the congenital lesion is indicated.
Prognostic factors and survival of horses with ocular/adnexal squamous cell carcinoma: 147 cases (1978-1988). Between January 1978 and December 1988, 147 horses with ocular/adnexal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were admitted to the Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (CSU-VTH). Diagnosis was confirmed by histologic examination of appropriate tissue specimens. Medical records and communication with owners, referring veterinarians, or both provided information regarding initial examination, treatment at the CSU-VTH, and final outcome. At initial examination, 123 (83.7%) horses had unilateral involvement and 24 (16.3%) horses had bilateral involvement. The nictitating membrane, nasal c...
Epidemiologic study of ocular/adnexal squamous cell carcinoma in horses. Proportional hospital accession ratios for equine ocular/adnexal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were determined for 14 colleges of veterinary medicine participating in the Veterinary Medical Data Program between January 1978 and December 1986. Comparison of the ratios with their respective geographical, physical data has shown an increased prevalence of SCC with an increase in longitude, altitude, or mean annual solar radiation. In contrast, prevalence of SCC increased with a decrease in latitude. Between January 1978 and December 1988, 147 horses with ocular/adnexal SCC were admitted to the Co...
Use of gastrotomy to relieve esophageal obstruction in a horse. Esophageal obstruction of 1 week's duration in a gelding was diagnosed by contrast radiography and esophagoscopy. A food bolus was found at the junction of the caudal thoracic portion of the esophagus and the cardia. A gastrotomy was performed through a cranial abdominal incision and a phytobezoar was manually broken down and removed. The gelding was started on complete pellet food and water on the fifth day after surgery. The horse remained clinically normal more than 1 year after surgery.
[A horse seropositive for Ehrlichia risticii]. A four year old Dutch warmblooded mare was born and raised in the province of North-Brabant, the Netherlands. On May 16, 1989, she showed signs of colic, anorexia, depression, ileus, severe dehydration and leukopenia. When the mare collapsed, euthanasia was carried out. Acute colitis and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in macrophages were observed at autopsy. When an indirect immunofluorescence assay was performed, the Ehrlichia risticii titre of the serum was found to be 1:640.
Myocardial blood flow, metabolism, and function with repeated brief coronary occlusions in conscious ponies. Studies were performed in the conscious pony instrumented with a Doppler flow probe and hydraulic occluder on the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), sonomicrometry crystals and intraventricular micromanometer in the left ventricle, and catheters in the left atrium and anterior interventricular vein. Two-minute LAD occlusions were performed every 30 min continuously or during working hours. Data on release of catabolites (potassium, hydrogen ions, and lactate) and norepinephrine from the initially dysfunctional region were obtained periodically during a regimen of 445 +/- 56 occlus...
Atlantoaxial malformation in a half-Arabian colt. A 1-year-old half-Arabian colt was referred for evaluation of a cranial cervical abnormality. Physical examination revealed the left wing of the atlas to be more ventral than the right wing. A head tilt, with the pole deviated to the left, was present because of the malpositioned atlas. Neurologic examination identified symmetrical weakness, ataxia, and proprioceptive deficits in all four limbs. Radiographs of the cranial cervical region revealed fusion of the atlas and axis, and deviation of the atlantoaxial joint to the left of the median plane. Euthanasia was elected. Necropsy confirmed the...
The morphology of abdominal and inguinal cryptorchid testes in stallions: a light and electron microscopic study. Eleven unilateral cryptorchid stallions, two to three years old, were castrated at Louisiana State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Five of these cryptorchid cases were abdominal and the rest were inguinal. This study was initiated to document the differences between the abdominal and inguinal equine cryptorchid testes. Specimens were obtained from the abepididymal side of each cryptorchid testes and processed for light and electron microscopic study. The cryptorchid testes were smaller than the scrotal testes, with the abdominal testes being one-fourth the size of the scrotal testes. ...
Mid-metacarpal deep digital flexor tenotomy in the management of refractory laminitis in horses. Deep digital flexor tendon transection at the mid-metacarpus was performed in 20 horses with severe acute or chronic laminitis that was not responsive to conventional treatment. Sixteen horses improved within 72 hours, one horse worsened, and two horses were unaffected by the surgery. Eleven horses survived less than 1 month after surgery and six horses survived longer than 6 months. Three horses surviving longer than 6 months have remained lame and no horse has returned to athletic performance. Transection of the deep digital flexor tendon at the mid-metacarpus may decrease the pain associate...
Closed suction drainage in the treatment of infectious arthritis of the equine tarsocrural joint. Infectious arthritis of the tarsocrural joint was treated in 13 horses with closed suction drainage through a flat, fenestrated, latex (Jackson-Pratt) drain, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and bandage immobilization. In 11 horses, arthroscopic lavage and debridement were also performed. Ingress drains were placed for lavage in six horses. Ten horses returned to their previous level of competition or were sound. One horse raced but had lameness of the affected tarsocrural joint and dropped in racing class; one horse was euthanatized because of laminit...
Portable data acquisition cart for equine transportation stress study. A remote data sampling cart has been designed and built for studying environmental factors that produce stress in horses during transportation. This dedicated sampling cart uses an XT-compatible mother board powered by a 12 V battery, with customized BIOS and ROM program. Sampling is performed using two digital and eight A/D (bipolar, differential) channels in burst mode at a frequency of 1 kHz. Digitized data are stored on magnetic tape for retrieval after the experiment. Configuration of sampling parameters is accomplished via a serial communications link to a host computer, and is stored in...
Phylogeny of immune recognition: processing and presentation of structurally defined proteins in channel catfish immune responses. This work was undertaken to investigate whether or not antigen processing and presentation are important in channel catfish in vitro secondary immune responses elicited with structurally defined proteins, namely, pigeon heart cytochrome C (pCytC), hen egg lysozyme, and horse myoglobin. The use of in vitro antigen-pulsed and fixed B cells or monocytes as antigen presenting cells (APC) resulted in autologous peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) responding with vigorous proliferation and antibody production in vitro. In addition, several long-term catfish monocyte lines have been found to function a...
Rhodococcus equi: an animal and human pathogen. Recent isolations of Rhodococcus equi from cavitatory pulmonary disease in patients with AIDS have aroused interest among medical microbiologists in this unusual organism. Earlier isolations from humans had also been in immunosuppressed patients following hemolymphatic tumors or renal transplantation. This organism has been recognized for many years as a cause of a serious pyogranulomatous pneumonia of young foals and is occasionally isolated from granulomatous lesions in several other species, in some cases following immunosuppression. The last decade has seen many advances in understanding o...
Inheritance of the equine Tf F3 allele. The inheritance of the equine Tf F3 allele was examined in 39 parent-offspring combinations. For 26 of the cases the allele inherited by the offspring from the heterozygous parent could be determined. The proportion of individuals that inherited the F3 variant compared to the alternative allele was exactly 1:1. In five cases the parental phenotype was identical to that of the offspring. For the remaining eight cases the parent was homozygous for the F3 allele and all offspring had the F3 allele. The results were consistent with Mendelian inheritance.
Molecules of the early equine trophoblast. Three monoclonal antibodies raised against equine trophoblast cells were tested to determine the characteristics of the identified molecules. First, the antibodies were used to precipitate molecules from radiolabelled equine trophoblast cells of the chorionic girdle. Antibody F71.1 precipitated a molecule of 115 kDa, whereas antibodies 71.8 and 71.10 precipitated a molecule of 66 kDa. Second, 2 of the antibodies were used in an indirect immunoperoxidase assay on frozen sections of equine conceptuses of different gestational ages beginning at Day 8. Antibody F71.1 labelled trophoblast cells fro...
Purification of equine neutrophil lysozyme and its antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Lysozyme from equine neutrophil granulocytes was isolated in a pure form by fast performance liquid chromatography, i.e. ion-exchange chromatography and reversed-phase chromatography. The lysozyme lysed Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus lentus and was also bactericidal against the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica, and Serratia marcescens. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were not lysed. The lysozyme was only very slightly bactericidal for S. epidermidis and S. aureus. Equine neutrophil lysozyme ...
Clinical signs, laboratory changes and toxicokinetics of brodifacoum in the horse. Six horses gavaged with a commercial brodifacoum (BDF)-containing bait (Talone) at a dosage of 0.125 mg of BDF/kg of body weight showed weight loss, severe hypocoagulability and hemogram alterations. Four of the horses became depressed and anorectic; one required vitamin K1 therapy. Increases in clotting times were observed at 24 h in the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) followed by the thrombotest (TBT) and one-stage prothrombin time (PT) at 48 h. Elevated mean PTT, PT and TBT were observed from days 4 to 8 (p less than 0.05) with levels returning to pretreatment levels by day 12. Maximum pr...
Effects of furosemide on ponies with recurrent airway obstruction. The effect of aerosol and intravenous administrations of furosemide was examined in ponies with recurrent obstructive pulmonary disease, commonly called 'heaves'. This recurrent airway disease bears many similarities to human asthma. Six ponies with the disease (principal animals) were studied during clinical remission and during an acute attack of airway obstruction precipitated by stabling and feeding dusty hay. Six control animals were also studied. Furosemide (1.0 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered by aerosol in the first study, and intravenously in a second study. In principal ponies with...
