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Topic:Veterinary Research
Veterinary research in horses encompasses the study of diseases, health management, and medical treatments specific to equine species. This field investigates various aspects of horse health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and musculoskeletal conditions. Researchers focus on understanding the pathophysiology of equine ailments, developing diagnostic tools, and evaluating therapeutic interventions. The study of horse health also involves examining preventive measures such as vaccination protocols and nutritional management to promote overall well-being. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse areas of veterinary science related to horses, providing insights into disease mechanisms, treatment strategies, and advancements in equine healthcare.
Survival rates and post-operative complications after equine colic surgery. A retrospective analysis of 74 cases that underwent surgery for colic was undertaken to determine short and long term survival rates and the incidence of post-operative complications. In 28 cases colic was related to small intestinal lesions and in 46 cases to large intestinal lesions. Pre-operative packed cell volume and heart rate were found to be inversely related to short-term survival. Twenty-five horses (34%) recovered from surgery and were discharged. Of 18 of these cases with available histories, 6 subsequently had one or more episodes of colic since surgery of which 5 eventually died ...
Measurements of bone strain in foals with altered foot balance. Two to 7 days after birth, 9 foals were anesthetized, and strain gauges were applied to lateral and medial aspects of the third metacarpal bone of the left forelimb. In 5 of these foals, strain gauges also were applied to the radius of the left forelimb. Four to 6 days later, foals were walked (5 sets of 10 to 20 strides), and compressive and tensile strains in the bone beneath strain gauges were recorded on paper and diskette. After recording base-line data, a wedge was fitted to the hoof of the limb with the strain gauges, in such a way that the lateral bearing surface was raised, and strain...
Biochemical and genetic characterization of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Isolates (n = 94) of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis were obtained from sheep, goats, horses, and cattle from various parts of the world. The isolates were characterized biochemically and by restriction endonuclease analysis of DNA. We found near homogeneity in the ability of isolates to ferment carbohydrates and to produce urease. All isolates produced phospholipase D and catalase. The ability of isolates from horses to reduce nitrate, the inability of isolates from sheep and goats to do so, and the correlation of this characteristic with results of restriction endonuclease analyses confir...
Effect of insemination timing on the fertilizing capacity of frozen/thawed equine spermatozoa. A breeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of insemination timing on the fertility of mares bred with frozen/thawed equine semen. One stallion and 60 reproductively sound, estrous-synchronized mares were included in the study. Mares were assigned to one of three groups (n = 20): 1) insemination with fresh semen every other day during estrus from detection of a 35-mm follicle until ovulation, 2) insemination with frozen/thawed semen every day during estrus from detection of a 35-mm follicle until ovulation or 3) insemination with frozen/thawed semen once, within 6 h after ovulation. ...
Megaesophagus and aspiration pneumonia secondary to gastric ulceration in a foal. A 3-month-old foal with a history of persistent fever and leukocytosis was found to have pneumonia, ulceration of the squamous portion of the stomach, and dilatation of the distal portion of the esophagus. The foal was euthanatized and necropsied. The distal portion of the esophagus was severely dilated, and there was severe ulceration and mural thickening of the stomach at the cardia. Because of the severe gastric ulceration and mural thickening, the gastroesophageal junction was fixed in an open position, permitting gastroesophageal reflux. The megaesophagus and pneumonia were considered to ...
Influenza virus ISCOMs: antibody response in animals. A monovalent experimental ISCOM vaccine has been prepared with the envelope glycoproteins haemagglutinin and neuraminidase of the equine virus strain A/Solvalla/79 (H3N8). In vaccination trials on BALB/c mice the ISCOM vaccine induced more than ten times higher serum antibody titres measured in ELISA than a corresponding experimental micelle vaccine. Similarly, in guinea-pigs the ISCOMs induced about tenfold higher haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and neuraminidase inhibition (NI) titres than a micelle vaccine or a conventional killed influenza whole virus vaccine. Horses vaccinated with a di...
[Preventative vaccination against EHV (equine herpesvirus) abortion]. From 1981 until 1987 we investigated the more detailed circumstances regarding a prophylactic vaccination in altogether 37 stud farms with a history of virus abortion. In 23 cases, in which Prevaccinol and/or Resequin were used, it was found that the following of vaccination schedule and necessary immunization programmes respectively, had considerable imperfections. In seven cases prophylactic vaccinations were not carried out or corresponding questionnaires were not answered. The fact that in the present data no case of virus abortion was observed, when the mare was vaccinated according to th...
A sensitive microtitre plate enzyme immunoassay of oestradiol-17 beta in the cow and mare. Microtitre plates were coated with antiserum against oestradiol-17 beta-6-(O-carboxymethyl)-oxime bovine serum albumin raised in sheep. The plasma samples (0.2-1.0 ml) were extracted with peroxide-free diethyl ether prepared daily by treatment with Al2O3. The enzyme conjugate was prepared by coupling oestradiol-17 beta-6-(O-carboxymethyl)-oxime to horse-radish peroxidase. The conjugate was chromatographed on a Sephadex G-25 column. The standard curve ranged from 0.37 to 18.40 fmol/well of oestradiol-17 beta. The amount of oestradiol-17 beta causing a 50% reduction of maximum binding was 4.4 fm...
A monoclonal antibody identifying a T-cell marker in the horse. A cell surface molecule of equine T lymphocytes was identified and characterized using a mouse monoclonal antibody, HT23A. The molecule was detected on all T cells but not on other cells in peripheral blood, with the possible exception of a small subpopulation (about 5%) of B cells, as assessed by indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. HT23A labelled T cell areas of horse lymph nodes and spleen when used in an indirect immunoperoxidase assay on frozen sections. Macrophages and neutrophils were not labelled by the antibody nor were frozen sections of horse liver, kidney, or brain. HT23...
A critical assessment of pulmonary function testing in exercising ponies. Pulmonary function measurements during exercise were tested for accuracy and reproducibility in 5 saddle ponies weighing 267 +/- 9 Kg. Airflow (V) and tidal volume (VT) were measured with a Fleisch pneumotachograph mounted on a face mask. The linearity of the response and the symmetry of this device were carefully checked. Pleural pressure changes were measured by pleural puncture (Ppl) and with an esophageal balloon catheter (Pes). The elastance of the esophageal wall and the effect of the position of the esophageal catheter tip on Pes were also investigated. Airflow, VT, Ppl, Pes, mask press...
The detection, pharmacokinetics and behavioral effects of diisopropylamine dichloroacetate (DADA) in the horse: a preliminary report. 1. Drug administration studies using diisopropylamine dichloroacetate (DADA) and diisopropylamine (DIPA) were conducted in Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses to assess physiological effects and develop detection methods. 2. Four horses received 0.08 mg DADA/kg body wt and showed no changes in heart and respiratory rates or body temperature as measured over a 1-hr period after administration. A transient diuretic effect was found to occur in 2 mares dosed with 0.80 mg DADA/kg body wt. 3. A qualitative detection method using thin-layer chromatography was developed to detect DIPA, the major met...
Comparative immunochemical studies of carbonic anhydrase III in horses and other mammalian species. 1. Carbonic anhydrase III (CA-III) from different mammalian species (horse, cow, dog, cat, rat and rabbit) has been analyzed by the immunodiffusion technique with anti-equine CA-III serum. 2. Immunodiffusion demonstrated the absence of cross-reactivity between isozyme CA-I, CA-II, and CA-III. 3. Cross-reactions were observed between the CA-III from all the species examined except the rabbit. 4. Molecular weights and isoelectric points of CA-III from different species were determined by Western blotting.
Development of free-living stages of equine strongyles in faeces on pasture in a tropical environment. The development of the free-living stages and yields of infective third stage strongyle larvae in faeces from a horse with a mixed natural infection deposited on pasture plots were studied over a 2-year period in a coastal area in tropical north Queensland. Two sets of faecal masses (one exposed to, and the other protected from the action of a natural population of dung beetles) were deposited monthly and after 7 days faecal samples were taken for larval recovery and counts. Hatching and development of the free-living stages occurred in faeces on pasture throughout the year. Development was ra...
Structural aspects of the plasminogen of various species. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of equine, ovine, canine, goat and rabbit plasminogen were determined and compared with those already known of the human, bovine, porcine and feline molecule. Furthermore, the kringle 4 domains of equine, ovine, canine and goat plasminogen, prepared by limited cleavage with elastase, were sequenced and compared with the known species of human, bovine, porcine and chicken plasminogen. Homology with the human kringle 4 ranges between 73% (chicken) and 90% (bovine). Comparison of sequences, fragmentation patterns with elastase and adsorption on lysine-Bio-Gel su...
Interactions between the predacious fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora and third-stage larvae of a series of animal-parasitic nematodes. Interactions between the predacious hyphomycete Arthrobotrys oligospora and third-stage larvae of nine animal-parasitic nematodes were tested in vitro. The trap-inducing capabilities of the ruminant trichostrongylus Cooperia oncophora, C. curticei, Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia ostertagi and of equine cyathostomes were almost comparable to those of free-living soil nematodes, and significantly higher than those of the porcine Oesophagostomum dentatum and Oe. quadrispinulatum and of the murine Nematospiroides dubius. The trap-forming potential of Dictyocaulus viviparus was poor. All anima...
Factors affecting prognosis and conversion in equine atrial fibrillation. Sixty-seven horses presented with atrial fibrillation (AF) from January 1, 1980 to August 1, 1986. All horses were evaluated for the type and severity of the underlying cardiac disease and the probable duration of the arrhythmia. Fifty-two (78%) of the horses were treated with quinidine sulfate and/or digoxin. The response to treatment was assessed in each horse. Horses were followed for periods extending from 8 months to 7 years. Standardbreds, young horses, and males predominated in the study group. There were more male horses (stallions and geldings) than mares. Most horses with AF had no e...
Influence of an epidermal cell extract on skin healing and scar formation. We have examined the possible regulatory role of epidermal cell extract(s) (ECE) on skin cells, namely fibroblasts and keratinocytes, both in vivo and in vitro with particular reference to modification of scar formation. In an experimental wound model in pigs, it was found that extracts of cultured human and pig keratinocytes stimulated replication of epidermal cells and their migration from wound edges and remnants of hair follicles and sebaceous glands, together with hair growth, but at the same time suppressed fibroblast proliferation in the dermis. Sections of healing skin wounds that had ...
Chromosomal localization of the major histocompatibility complex of the horse (ELA) by in situ hybridization. The first gene assignment to a horse chromosome is reported for equine leucocyte antigen (ELA), the major histocompatibility complex of the horse. A cloned DNA sequence derived from a class I gene of the porcine major histocompatibility complex was used as a probe for an in situ hybridization experiment. We present the regional localization of ELA, using this sequence, to equine chromosome 20q14-q22.
Antigenic variation of equine infectious anemia virus as detected by virus neutralization. Brief report. The antigenic structure of 16 viruses isolated from four horses which were inoculated with a clone of equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus was compared by the neutralization test. The antigenic structure of viruses isolated after development of neutralizing antibody differed from virus to virus. Back mutation of the antigenic structure was also demonstrated by serial passage of the virus in horses. These results suggest that EIA virus is subject to multidirectional antigenic variation. The possibility that the variants originated in the heterologous virus population in the inoculum seems to be...
In vitro and in vivo binding of phenylbutazone and related drugs to equine feeds and digesta. In vitro and in vivo studies of phenylbutazone binding to equine ingesta and digesta were undertaken. In vitro binding to chopped hay and powdered pony nuts in buffer solutions at 37 degrees C was found to be time-, concentration- and pH-dependent. Percentage binding generally increased with time, decreased with concentration and varied with buffer pH in an unpredictable manner. Other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) also bound to hay, the degree of binding being less for meclofenamate and least for flunixin in comparison with phenylbutazone. Phenylbutazone became bound to digest...
Plasma heparin values and hemostasis in equids after subcutaneous administration of low-dose calcium heparin. Different doses of heparin were given to equids SC to establish 0.05 to 0.20 U of heparin/ml of plasma. Plasma heparin values and antithrombin III activities were assayed, using chromogenic substrate methods. Activated partial thromboplastin and thrombin times were determined, using conventional coagulation assays. Tests were run every hour (or every 2 hours for antithrombin III) for 12 hours from 5 groups of 5 equids each after single injection of 40, 60, 80, 100, or 125 U of calcium heparin/kg of body weight and from 11 equids after injection of 150 U of calcium heparin/kg. The smaller dose ...
The A system of horse erythrocyte alloantigens: a new allele and another look at factor Ae. Family data are presented for a new allele (Aabdg) in the A system of horse erythrocyte alloantigens which includes factors Aa and Ab traditionally thought to be products of allelic genes. Evidence for incorrect assignment of the codominant factor Ae in the presence of Ab and Ac and the absence of Aa is discussed.
Intradermal challenge of Icelandic horses in Norway and Iceland with extracts of Culicoides spp. A skin test survey was carried out in Icelandic horses in Norway and Iceland using extracts of Culicoides spp. as antigen. Eleven horses with recurrent seasonal dermatitis reacted with an immediate hypersensitivity response to intradermal challenge with antigen. All except one of thirty-three clinically normal horses in Norway showed a negative response in skin tests. These findings indicate that Culicoides spp. may be the major cause of the disease in Norway. Only one of the 110 horses tested in Iceland showed any skin test reaction (weak), demonstrating that the horses were not sensitized to...
