Veterinary science and horses encompass the study and application of medical, surgical, and therapeutic practices to maintain and improve the health and welfare of equines. This field addresses a wide range of topics, including disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, as well as nutrition, reproduction, and behavior. Research in veterinary science for horses often involves understanding the pathophysiology of equine-specific diseases, developing advanced diagnostic techniques, and improving treatment protocols. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of veterinary science related to horses, providing insights into the latest advancements and methodologies in equine healthcare.
Sudia WD, Fernandez L, Newhouse VF, Sanz R, Calisher CH.Virus vector studies were conducted in the States of Durango, Chihuahua, and Tamaulipas, Mexico, in June and July 1972. Apparently only a low level of Venzuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus transmission to equines occured at the time of the study, and the infection was restricted to areas which had not experienced overt activity during the preceding year. The low level of infection was associated with a scarcity of mosquitoes. The IB (epidemic) strain of VEE virus was isolated from two pools of Anopheles pseudopunctipennis (Theo.) and the blood of one symptomatic equine. The low mosquito po...
Hooper PT.Severe spongy degeneration of the central nervous system (CNS) was seen in 11 cattle, 19 sheep, 4 pigs and 1 goat, associated with a variety of hepatic diseases, particularly those caused by hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. It was also seen in a milder form in 2 of 8 horses examined, 1 dog of 5 dogs examined, and in 1 rabbit only of a large number of laboratory animals examined. This paper reports results of experiments which confirmed initially that the CNS disease cold be caused by pyrrolizidine alkaloid intoxication. This was done by poisoning lambs with lasiocarpine. As the disease was...
Sudia WD, McLean RG, Newhouse VF, Johnston JG, Miller DL, Trevino H, Bowen GS, Sather G.Epidemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis in North America in 1971: vertebrate field studies. Am J Epidemiol 101:36-50, 1975.-In June 1971, epidemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) invaded the lower Rio Grande Valley in south Texas. The Boca Chica area of Cameron County was selected as a study site to investigate vertebrate involvement in the natural cycle of epidemic VEE on the basis of considerable evidence of VEE virus activity there in equines, humans, and mosquito vectors. Only one VEE virus isolation was made from 4739 wild and domestic non-equine vertebrates, although numerous equine...
Tischner M, Kosiniak K, Bielański W.The emission of stallion semen was studied with the aid of
an `open' Krak\l=o'\w-72Model artificial vagina. The pattern of mating
behaviour was constant in all copulations observed : a mean number of
seven intravaginal thrusts was required to elicit ejaculation. The
pressure within the vestibule of the artificial vagina averaged 66 mmHg
at the beginning of copulation, 142 mmHg just before ejaculation, and
70 mmHg during the emission of semen. Emission appeared to be a more
variable process. Five to ten jets were observed; the mean number was
eight. The early jets occurred under high pr...
Main AR, Soucie WG, Buxton IL, Arinc E.A relatively simple method is described by which cholinesterase was purified about 19000-fold starting from horse serum. Typically 20 litres of serum were processed to yield 15-18mg of electrophoretically pure cholinesterase in the form of an active salt-free dry powder. The method included two stages: fractionation with (NH(4))(2)SO(4) and ion-exchange chromatography. The (NH(4))(2)SO(4) stage included, in principle, the acid (pH3) step of the Strelitz (1944) procedure. The step took advantage of the stabilizing effect that 33%-satd. (NH(4))(2)SO(4) has on cholinesterase activity at pH3 and i...
Hain-Saunders N, Knight DR, Bruce M, Riley TV.Recent increases in community-associated Clostridioides difficile infections have highlighted the importance of monitoring toxigenic C. difficile from animal and environmental sources. We provide the complete circularized genomes of two toxigenic C. difficile strains isolated from feral horse faeces. Genome N64 (sequence type 964) consists of a single chromosome of 4,078,791 bp, while genome H251 (sequence type 963) comprises one chromosome (4,304,722 bp) and three plasmids (150,942 bp, 11,534 bp, and 9,074 bp).
Zhao Y, Liu Y, Tao J, Cao J, Lin Y, He Q, Fang X, Yun S, Du M, Su S, Bao T, Bai D, Zhang X, Dugarjaviin M.Reproductive health in mares is pivotal for the sustainability of the equine industry, yet vaginal microbiota dysbiosis remains an underrecognized contributor to infections such as endometritis and bacterial vaginosis. While spp. dominate healthy vaginal ecosystems in humans and livestock, their role in equine reproductive health, particularly in resilient breeds like Mongolian mares, is poorly understood. This study aimed to isolate and characterize a novel strain from the vaginal microbiota of healthy Mongolian mares and evaluate its probiotic potential for mitigating equine reproductive d...
Haase L, Monett D, Sedlmayr M.Animal owners may increasingly rely on large language models for gathering animal health information alongside internet sources in the future. This study therefore aims to provide initial results on the accuracy of ChatGPT-4o in triage and tentative diagnostics, using horses as a case study. Ten test vignettes were used to prompt situation assessments from the tool, which were then compared to original assessments made by a veterinary specialist for horses. The most probable diagnosis suggested by ChatGPT-4o was found to be quite accurate in most cases, with the urgency to contact a veterinari...
Loublier C, Taminiau B, Seidel L, Moula N, Tano C, Cesarini C, Costa M, Lecoq L, Daube G, Amory H.Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and probiotics are used in equine practice. Understanding veterinarians' perceptions and practices is crucial for effective implementation. Objective: (1) Evaluate the prevalence, usage patterns and perceived effectiveness of probiotics and FMT among equine veterinarians in France and Belgium. (2) Assess their knowledge, practices and influencing factors across demographics and settings. (3) Explore links between FMT protocols and treatment satisfaction. Methods: Cross-sectional survey. Methods: An online survey collected demographic data and responses o...
Mouncey R, de Mestre AM, Arango-Sabogal JC, Verheyen KL.Gestational and early-life exposures may modulate development during growth and influence future athletic performance. Objective: To investigate associations between gestational and early-life exposures in Thoroughbreds and (i) likelihood of racing, (ii) total number of runs and (iii) total prizemoney by the end of the 3-year-old year. Methods: Prospective cohort. Methods: Daily records were kept on the location and duration of turnout, management and veterinary-attended episodes of disease or injury from birth until leaving the farm or study exit for 129 Thoroughbred foals on six stud farms. ...
Spaas J, Helsen WF, Adriaenssens M, Broeckx S, Duchateau L, Spaas JH.There is general agreement that horses have dichromatic colour vision with similar capabilities to human beings with red-green colour deficiencies. However, whether colour perception has an impact on equine jumping performance and how pronounced the colour stimulus might be for a horse is unknown. The present study investigated the relationship between the colour of the fences (blue or green) and the show jumping performance of 20 horses ridden by two riders using an indoor and outdoor set of green and blue fences. In the indoor arena, significantly more touches and faults were made on blue fe...
Barrachina L, Ivanovska A, Eslami Arshaghi T, O'Brien A, Cequier A, Murphy M, Hollinshead F, Rodellar C, Barry F.Regenerative therapies are quickly expanding to application in equine patients because of their importance as sporting and companion animals. Furthermore, aligning with a One Health concept, veterinary medicine offers a unique platform for preclinical studies. While mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) therapies are already used in treating horses, strategies involving induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are poorly developed. iPSCs present great potential for therapy and disease modelling, but their consistent generation in horses requires further investigation into the source of somatic c...
Watanabe M, Sato F, Innan H.We investigated the changes in inbreeding levels in Japanese Thoroughbred horses over the past 46 years. Our results show a significant increase in inbreeding over the past 30 years, primarily due to the influence of two sires, Northern Dancer and Sunday Silence. Northern Dancer's bloodline spread gradually through descendants like Northern Taste, leading to a slower increase in the inbreeding coefficient. In contrast, Sunday Silence was directly imported and became a leading sire, causing a rapid increase in his blood proportion and inbreeding coefficient. Our findings suggest that monitoring...
Kneipp MLA, Sousa LN, Cota LO, Malacarne BD, Winter IC, Santana CH, Santos RL, Xavier ABS, Faleiros RR, Carvalho AM.Coxofemoral dysplasia is a condition characterized by the abnormal development and flattening of the femoral head and deformities in the acetabulum, leading to joint instability. Although described in various animal species, it is uncommon and rarely reported in horses. This article presents a case of incapacitating coxofemoral dysplasia diagnosed in a four-month-old foal Mangalarga Marchador, which exhibited lameness in the hind limbs, thoracolumbar kyphosis, gluteal muscle atrophy, and pronounced sensitivity during pelvic limb flexion. The clinical diagnosis indicative of bilateral coxofemor...
Serrano-Rodríguez JM, Miraz R, Saitua A, Díez de Castro E, Ledesma-Escobar C, Ferreiro-Vera C, Priego-Capote F, Sánchez de Medina V....Cannabigerol (CBG) is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid with growing interest in veterinary medicine; however, its pharmacokinetic profile in horses remains unknown. Understanding its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination is essential to optimizing dosing strategies and evaluating its potential for clinical use in equine patients. Unassigned: A prospective crossover study was conducted in eight healthy adult horses to assess the metabolism and the pharmacokinetics after intravenous (IV) administration at 1 mg/kg and oral administrations at 10 mg/kg with two formulations (mice...
Wang T, Huang J, Ren W, Meng J, Yao X, Chu H, Yao R, Zhai M, Zeng Y.This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying the relationship between cardiac structure and function and plasma metabolic characteristics in Yili horses participating in an 80-km endurance, by integrating echocardiography, lipidomics, and energy metabolomics analyses. Twenty four competing Yili horses were selected and divided based on competition outcomes: Pre-Completion Group: PCG ( = 6); Post-Completion Group: PoCG ( = 6); Overtime Completion Group: OCG ( = 6); and Non-Completion Group: NCG ( = 6). Cardiac structural and functional parameters were assessed via echoca...
Semanchik PL, Wesolowski LT, Artman JL, Seward RL, Beer C, Barnes ED, White-Springer SH.Reactive oxygen species are normal by-products of cellular metabolism but may have detrimental effects on cellular matrices and excite inflammatory pathways when overproduced. To test the hypothesis that supplementation of an herbal extract combination would: 1) improve antioxidant status; 2) increase anti-inflammatory cytokines; and 3) decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines, 40 mature, sedentary stock-type horses (32 mares, 8 geldings, mean±SD; 15.7 ± 4.9 yr, 519 ± 46 kg) were stratified by age, sex, and body weight and randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatment groups for 5...
Hidalgo M, Ortiz I.Sperm vitrification is a novel-assisted reproductive technique that is increasingly gaining relevance in the last years. This technique allows to cryopreserve sperm from valuable stallions and donkeys without the exposure to permeable cryoprotectants, particularly toxic for the gametes of these species.This chapter aims to describe the current range of methodologies available that are key to ensure sperm quality after vitrification and warming of stallion and donkey sperm.
Miró J, Martínez-Rodero I, Yeste M, Catalán J.Cryopreservation is currently the only strategy for long-term conservation of equine sperm. To get optimal post-thaw sperm survival, carefully following each step of the freezing protocol is crucial. First, one needs to obtain and exhaustively analyze an ejaculate of good sperm quality. Then, the seminal plasma is removed by centrifugation, and the resulting pellet is resuspended in a certain volume of the freezing medium to reach the right sperm concentration. Finally, sperm samples are packaged into 0.5-mL straws, cooled, and frozen using an automatic, controlled-rate freezer. Once the tempe...
McD￮ LA, Stover SM, Bach JM, Taylor KT.To determine the mechanical properties of Equine Interlocking Nail (EIN; JD Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of California, Davis) stabilized osteotomized tibiae and compare these variables with estimated in vivo loads. Methods: In vitro biomechanical investigation. Methods: Twelve adult equine cadaveric tibiae. Methods: EIN-stabilized tibiae were tested monotonically under compression, 3- and 4-point bending, and torsion. Mechanical properties were compared with estimated in vivo loads. Results: EIN-tibial composite mean compressive yield load (11 kN) and bending mo...
Hosseinzadeh S, Nofouzi K, Hasanzadeh F, Esmaeili S, Ayen E.Q fever is a frequently occurring illness that is induced by the bacterium ) that can infect humans and various animals. It targets the macrophage cells in the tissues, and circulating monocytes. Unassigned: This study was conducted between 2022 and 2023 in the West Azerbaijan and Ardabil provinces of northwestern Iran to examine the presence infection of . Specimens were obtained by swabbing from 140 mares (70 from each province) and 20 stallions (10 from each province) which were apparently healthy, and their DNA was analyzed using quantitative PCR assay detecting the element of the bacteri...
Kaminski M, Metenier L, Sykiotis M, Ryder OA, Demontoy MC.1. Among several species of Equidae only E. przewalskii possesses a serum esterase identical with that of E. caballus. 2. The esterases of Hemionidae differ slightly from that of domestic horse by electrophoretic migration and by antigenic structure. 3. Zebras (grevyi, burchelli) appear devoid of this component but Z. hartmannae possesses an esterase of high enzymatic activity, differing notably from that of horse by electrophoretic and antigenic properties.
