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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2023; 13(15); 2485; doi: 10.3390/ani13152485

Airway Hyperresponsiveness, but Not Bronchoalveolar Inflammatory Cytokines Profiles, Is Modified at the Subclinical Onset of Severe Equine Asthma.

Abstract: Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation are both observed in human and equine asthma. The aim of this study was to assess the timeline and relationship of both features at the subclinical onset of severe equine asthma (SEA). First, the repeatability of the pulmonary function test (PFT) using impulse oscillometry system, and the methacholine bronchoprovocation test (BPT) were assessed at a 1-day interval on six SEA horses in clinical remission and six control horses. Then, clinical and ancillary tests were performed before and after a 1-week low-dust environmental challenge, including weighted clinical score, respiratory endoscopy, bronchoalveolar fluid cytology, PFT, and BPT. Both PFT and BPT showed acceptable repeatability. No test allowed SEA horses in clinical remission to be distinguished from control, unlike in human patients. Because of the low-dust environment, no significant difference was observed in the results of clinical and conventional ancillary examinations after the challenge. However, SEA horses showed increased AHR after the environmental challenge. At that stage, no signs of inflammation or changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines profiles (quantification and gene expression) were observed, suggesting AHR is present at an earlier stage of equine asthma than airway inflammation. This feature indicates SEA could present in a different disease pathway than neutrophilic human asthma.
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Publication Date: 2023-08-01 PubMed ID: 37570294PubMed Central: PMC10417247DOI: 10.3390/ani13152485Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This experimental study investigates how airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation corresponds with the early onset of severe equine asthma (SEA). The researchers found that while SEA horses showed increased AHR after being exposed to a low-dust environment for a week, there were no corresponding signs of inflammation. This suggests that AHR could be an early symptom of equine asthma, and that SEA might follow a different disease pathway from human neutrophilic asthma.

Objective and Methodology of the Study

  • The aim of this study was to investigate the interplay between AHR and inflammation at the early stages of severe equine asthma (SEA). In particular, the researchers wanted to understand the temporal relationship between these two symptoms.
  • Twelve horses were used in this experiment: six with SEA in clinical remission and six healthy controls. The researchers first tested the reliability of two diagnostic methods over a one-day interval: the pulmonary function test (PFT) and the methacholine bronchoprovocation test (BPT).
  • After the initial tests, the horses were exposed to a low-dust environmental challenge for a week. Before and after this challenge, multiple tests were performed to assess the horses’ clinical condition and to examine cell compositions, PFT, and BPT results.

Findings of the Study

  • The PFT and BPT diagnostic methods produced consistent results over time.
  • Before the environmental challenge, the SEA horses in clinical remission couldn’t be differentiated from the control horses based on these tests.
  • Following the one-week challenge in a low dust environment, there wasn’t any significant difference in the conditions of the horses.
  • However, the SEA horses exhibited increased AHR after the challenge, an important indicator that their condition had worsened.
  • Paradoxically, there were neither signs of inflammation nor changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines observed in the affected horses.

Implications of the Study

  • This study suggests that AHR occurs before inflammation in cases of equine asthma, challenging previous presumptions about the progression of the illness.
  • The lack of inflammation in the SEA horses after the challenge implies that these horses may follow a different disease pathway from human neutrophilic asthma.
  • The findings could have implications in the diagnosis and early detection of SEA. By monitoring AHR, it might be possible to identify the disease before the onset of inflammation, potentially allowing for a more effective intervention.

Cite This Article

APA
Frippiat T, Art T, Tosi I. (2023). Airway Hyperresponsiveness, but Not Bronchoalveolar Inflammatory Cytokines Profiles, Is Modified at the Subclinical Onset of Severe Equine Asthma. Animals (Basel), 13(15), 2485. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13152485

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 15
PII: 2485

Researcher Affiliations

Frippiat, Thibault
  • Equine Sports Medicine Centre, FARAH Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
  • Sportpaardenarts-Equine Sports Medicine, 1250AD Laren, The Netherlands.
Art, Tatiana
  • Equine Sports Medicine Centre, FARAH Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
Tosi, Irene
  • Equine Sports Medicine Centre, FARAH Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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