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Viruses2023; 15(5); 1163; doi: 10.3390/v15051163

Interactions of Equine Viruses with the Host Kinase Machinery and Implications for One Health and Human Disease.

Abstract: Zoonotic pathogens that are vector-transmitted have and continue to contribute to several emerging infections globally. In recent years, spillover events of such zoonotic pathogens have increased in frequency as a result of direct contact with livestock, wildlife, and urbanization, forcing animals from their natural habitats. Equines serve as reservoir hosts for vector-transmitted zoonotic viruses that are also capable of infecting humans and causing disease. From a One Health perspective, equine viruses, therefore, pose major concerns for periodic outbreaks globally. Several equine viruses have spread out of their indigenous regions, such as West Nile virus (WNV) and equine encephalitis viruses (EEVs), making them of paramount concern to public health. Viruses have evolved many mechanisms to support the establishment of productive infection and to avoid host defense mechanisms, including promoting or decreasing inflammatory responses and regulating host machinery for protein synthesis. Viral interactions with the host enzymatic machinery, specifically kinases, can support the viral infectious process and downplay innate immune mechanisms, cumulatively leading to a more severe course of the disease. In this review, we will focus on how select equine viruses interact with host kinases to support viral multiplication.
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Publication Date: 2023-05-13 PubMed ID: 37243249PubMed Central: PMC10221139DOI: 10.3390/v15051163Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Review
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • Non-P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article focuses on how certain equine viruses interact with host kinases (enzymes within the host), impacting disease progression and host immunity. It highlights the significance of studying such interactions as they could help enhance the understanding of zoonotic diseases and globally occurring periodic outbreaks.

Overview of the Research

The paper views the significant interaction of equine viruses with the host’s own biochemical machinery, specifically their interaction with host kinases, enzymes that are fundamental to the regulation of cellular processes. The authors argue that by understanding these interactions, we can better comprehend how these zoonotic diseases are thriving and become able to devise measures to combat them.

  • The research primarily focuses on the pathogens that are zoonotic in nature and transmitted through vectors. These pathogens have been responsible for numerous emerging infections worldwide.
  • Particularly, equine viruses are emphasized as they can infect humans and cause disease, making them a major global concern. Examples include the West Nile Virus (WNV) and equine encephalitis viruses (EEVs).
  • A deeper dive is done into how these viruses interact with host kinases, which can broadly affect the host’s immune mechanisms and the severity of the disease.

Virus-Host Interactions

The authors detail how viruses, over time, have evolved mechanisms to establish a productive infection and evade host defence mechanisms.

  • Viral interactions promote or decrease inflammatory responses and regulate host machinery for protein synthesis, supporting the virus’s ability to multiply and survive.
  • Further, they interact with host kinases, enzymes that help regulate the host’s metabolic processes. This interaction can significantly iimpact the host’s innate immune mechanisms, potentially leading to a more severe course of the disease.

Significance of the Study

The paper highlights the importance of investigating virus-host kinase interactions in managing zoonotic diseases and global outbreaks.

  • An understanding of these interactions could lead to the development of more effective treatments and prevention strategies for equine-derived zoonotic diseases.
  • The increased frequency of spillover events driven by closer contact with wildlife and livestock, suggests a growing need for this field of research.

Cite This Article

APA
Anderson C, Baha H, Boghdeh N, Barrera M, Alem F, Narayanan A. (2023). Interactions of Equine Viruses with the Host Kinase Machinery and Implications for One Health and Human Disease. Viruses, 15(5), 1163. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15051163

Publication

Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
NlmUniqueID: 101509722
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 5
PII: 1163

Researcher Affiliations

Anderson, Carol
  • School of Systems Biology, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
Baha, Haseebullah
  • School of Systems Biology, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
Boghdeh, Niloufar
  • Institute of Biohealth Innovation, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
Barrera, Michael
  • School of Systems Biology, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
Alem, Farhang
  • Institute of Biohealth Innovation, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
Narayanan, Aarthi
  • Department of Biology, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Humans
  • Horses
  • One Health
  • Animals, Wild
  • West Nile virus
  • Encephalomyelitis, Equine / epidemiology

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

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  1. Bruno L, Nappo MA, Frontoso R, Perrotta MG, Di Lecce R, Guarnieri C, Ferrari L, Corradi A. West Nile Virus (WNV): One-Health and Eco-Health Global Risks. Vet Sci 2025 Mar 19;12(3).
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