Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Objective tests of analgesic drugs in ponies. An equine model, subjected to three kinds of pain (superficial, deep, and visceral) was used to test effects of analgesic drugs. Two groups of ponies were used. In the first group of six ponies, six drugs (fentanyl, meperidine, methadone, oxymorphone, pentazocine, and xylazine) were given according to a Latin square experimental design, and tests were made at 30-minute intervals for 4 hours. Mean values (control) for the three kinds of pain were obtained before and after the tests and were compared with the mean values (drugs) obtained over 2- and 4-hour intervals (four and eight measurements ...
Acquired torticollis in eleven horses. Case records of 11 horses with acquired torticollis during a 15-year period were reviewed. The cause was established in seven of eight cases and included cervical intervertebral disk protrusion, skull fracture, neurogenic atrophy, and dystrophic myodegeneration. The latter condition was considered to be the most likely cause in the three horses that recovered.
Evolutionary conservation of equine gc alleles and of Mammalian gc/albumin linkage. Ancient origin of the equine vitamin D binding protein (Gc) polymorphism is suggested by the finding of two alleles, Gc(F) and Gc(S), in each of three equine subgenera, Equus, Asinus and Hippotigris. The equine Gc and albumin loci are closely linked (lod score = 6). Although no recombinants were observed, the data are not inconsistent with a map distance similar to the 2 centimorgans reported for the human albumin/Gc linkage relationship. Gametic association between the Gc(F) and Alb(F) alleles appears probable in the American Standardbred horse, perhaps as a result of population structure. Si...
Proliferation and morphology of chick embryo cells cultured in the presence of horse serum and hemoglobin. We have shown previously that hemoglobin greatly stimulates chick embryo cell proliferation in Eagle's minimal essential medium supplemented with horse serum. In the present study we compared the effects of horse serum plus 10 micrometers hemoglobin to those of fetal bovine serum on subcultures of chick embryo cells serially propagated at high cell densities. The cells became elongated in the presence of fetal bovine serum and their rate of proliferation progressively decreased, whereas they became polygonal in the presence of horse serum plus hemoglobin and proliferated well in successive cel...
Effect of pneumatic tourniquet application to the distal extremities of the horse: blood gas, serum electrolyte, osmolality, and hematologic alterations. With 120 minutes of pneumatic tourniquet application to the distal extremity in the horse, the following effects were noted in the tourniqueted limb vein (TLV): (i) local venous acidemia, (ii) increase in serum K+ concentrations, (iii) minimal changes in plasma total solids, Na+, or osmolality, and (iv) apparent reduction in hematocrit values when compared with the same measurements in the control leg. Tourniquet release after 120 minutes produced a prompt return to base line for PCV and PO2 in the TLV; however, pH, PCO2 and K+ values in the TLV required 10 to 15 minutes to reach base line (TL...
Cannulation of the equine oviduct and chemical analysis of oviduct fluid. Siliconized rubber tubes were used to cannulate one oviduct in 7 mares, and secretions were collected in a polycarbonate container located externally, in the region of the left paralumbar fossa. Secretion rates were recorded daily during the estrous cycle. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, inorganic phosphorus and glucose were determined in the oviduct fluids secreted throughout the estrous cycle. Secretion rates were greatest during estrus (days 1-9), with a significant decrease (P<.01) noted during nonestrus (days 10-21). Concentrations of all constitutents measured...
Ultrastructure of the pigment epithelium and the photoreceptors in the retina of the horse. An electron microscopic description was given of the pigment epithelium and the photoreceptors of the horse retina. Duplicity (rods-cones) of the horse retina was proven histologically; the retina was classified as an "E" retina, which indicates predominance of the rod system.
Effects of influenza, mumps, and western equine encephalitis viruses on fetal rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Pregnant Rhesus monkeys were infected via instillation of influenza, mumps and western equine encephalomyelitis viruses respectively into the amniotic sacs at approximately 90 days gestation to determine if fetal infections would occur. Virus was recovered from fetal tissues after seven days in 100% of the exposed animals. Thus, the viruses are capable of causing fetal infection. Rhesus monkey fetuses were inoculated with influenza, mumps and WEE viruses by the direct intracerebral route at approximately 90 days gestation to determine possible teratogenicity of the viruses. influenza virus cau...
[Periosteal new bone formation in the horse induced by trauma. (author’s transl)]. The radiological interpretation of periosteal new bone formation in the horse induced by trauma is described and illustrated by some casereports. The better the margins of the new bone can be defined the lesser the activity. The greater the density of the new bone, the longer the duration of time since injury.
Phenylbutazone toxicity in ponies. The oral administration of phenylbutazone at a dose rate of approximately 10 mg per kg per day for seven to 14 days resulted in the development of signs of toxicity in seven of eight ponies treated. Clinical signs included anorexia, depression and abdominal oedema. Blood biochemical determinations showed a decrease in total plasma protein and calcium concentrations with an increase in urea concentration. These changes were considered indicative of water retention. Three of the ponies died during treatment following the development of shock. Shock was considered to arise from the submucosal oed...
In vitro of adenosine on lymphocytes and erythrocytes from horses with combined immunodeficiency. The effect of adenosine on the mitogenic response of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and on the nucleotide pools of erythrocytes from normal horses, horses heterozygous for the combined immunodeficiency (CID) trait (carriers), and foals with CID was studied. When PBL from normal, carrier, and CID horses were stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A, or pokeweed mitogen, [3H]thymidine uptake was inhibited by adenosine (0.1 microM) to 1.0 mM) in a dose-dependent manner. Adenosine (100 microM) mediated inhibition of [3H]thymidine uptake was prevented in both normal and carrier ho...
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