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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2022; 12(6); 744; doi: 10.3390/ani12060744

The Immune Mechanisms of Severe Equine Asthma-Current Understanding and What Is Missing.

Abstract: Severe equine asthma is a chronic respiratory disease of adult horses, occurring when genetically susceptible individuals are exposed to environmental aeroallergens. This results in airway inflammation, mucus accumulation and bronchial constriction. Although several studies aimed at evaluating the genetic and immune pathways associated with the disease, the results reported are inconsistent. Furthermore, the complexity and heterogeneity of this disease bears great similarity to what is described for human asthma. Currently available studies identified two chromosome regions (ECA13 and ECA15) and several genes associated with the disease. The inflammatory response appears to be mediated by T helper cells (Th1, Th2, Th17) and neutrophilic inflammation significantly contributes to the persistence of airway inflammatory status. This review evaluates the reported findings pertaining to the genetical and immunological background of severe equine asthma and reflects on their implications in the pathophysiology of the disease whilst discussing further areas of research interest aiming at advancing treatment and prognosis of affected individuals.
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Publication Date: 2022-03-16 PubMed ID: 35327141PubMed Central: PMC8944511DOI: 10.3390/ani12060744Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper focuses on understanding the immune mechanisms that underpin severe equine asthma, a chronic respiratory disease affecting adult horses.

Genetic and Environmental Factors in Severe Equine Asthma

When horses with a genetic predisposition are exposed to environmental aeroallergens, they may develop severe equine asthma, characterized by symptoms such as:

  • Airway inflammation
  • Mucus accumulation
  • Bronchial constriction

The paper notes that while numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the genetic and immune pathways associated with the disease, findings have been inconsistent. The disease’s complexity and heterogeneity closely resemble the characteristics of human asthma.

Genetic Associations with Severe Equine Asthma

Some studies have identified two chromosome regions, ECA13 and ECA15, and several genes associated with severe equine asthma. The understanding of these genetic factors offers potential insights into the disease’s pathogenesis and susceptibility.

Immune Response and Inflammatory Pathways

Severe equine asthma appears to involve an immune response mediated by T helper cells (Th1, Th2, Th17). Neutrophilic inflammation, a type of immune response characterized by an increase in neutrophils, also contributes significantly to the persistence of the airway inflammatory status in affected horses.

Implications and Future Research Directions

Despite the available findings, gaps still exist in the understanding of the genetic and immune mechanisms involved with this disease. The researchers advocate for more in-depth study in these areas to enhance treatment options and prognosis for horses with severe equine asthma.

Through a better understanding of the disease’s genetic and immunological background, researchers can develop more effective interventions and management strategies for severe equine asthma. Future research should also explore potential parallels between equine and human asthma, potentially shedding light on shared features of pathogenesis and treatment strategies.

Cite This Article

APA
Simões J, Batista M, Tilley P. (2022). The Immune Mechanisms of Severe Equine Asthma-Current Understanding and What Is Missing. Animals (Basel), 12(6), 744. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12060744

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 6
PII: 744

Researcher Affiliations

Simões, Joana
  • CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
  • Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4Animals), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
  • Equine Health and Welfare Academic Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal.
Batista, Mariana
  • CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
  • Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4Animals), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
  • Basic Sciences Academic Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicin, Lusófona University, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal.
Tilley, Paula
  • CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
  • Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4Animals), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.

Grant Funding

  • UIDB/00276/2020 / Fundau00e7u00e3o para a Ciu00eancia e Tecnologia

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

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