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Journal of equine veterinary science.
Publisher:
William E. Jones,. New York : Elsevier (2003)
Frequency: Monthly
Country: United States
Language: English
Start Year:1981 -
ISSN:
0737-0806 (Print)
0737-0806 (Linking)
0737-0806 (Linking)
Impact Factor
1.3
2022
| NLM ID: | 8216840 |
| (DNLM): | J20290000(s) |
| (OCoLC): | 07643410 |
| Classification: | W1 JO644CD |
Equine Embryo Mobility. A Friend of Theriogenologists. Equine embryo mobility and cessation of mobility (fixation) provide explanations to several enigmas in reproductive biology of the pregnant mare and provide an efficient solution to the twinning problem, the bane of brood-mare owners. Embryo mobility is maximum on Days 12 to 15 (Day 0 = ovulation) while the spherical embryo is growing from 9 to 23 mm in diameter. During mobility, the embryo can be anywhere in the uterine lumen regardless of side of ovulation. Mobility solved the enigmas of how a small embryo can block luteolysis in a relatively massive uterus and why the side of ovulation do...
Diagnostic and Treatment Challenges for Diaphragmatic Hernia in Equids: A Concise Review of Literature. Diaphragmatic hernia (DH) represents an acute abdominal crisis, but respiratory symptoms may be occurring. Different types of diaphragmatic hernias (DHs) like typical DH, Morgagni hernia, hiatal hernia and diaphragmatic diverticulum have been recorded in equids. These DHs have various clinical presentations and prognoses. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical repair are highly recommended in order to diminish the ischemic changes to thoracic and abdominal viscera, thus improving the overall prognosis of equids with DH. Over last decade, the prognosis of DH in equids was better than previously be...
The Effect of Strip Grazing on Physical Activity and Behavior in Ponies. This work aimed to determine the effect of strip grazing on physical activity in ponies using behavioral observations alongside accelerometers positioned at the poll. In study one, ten British native breed ponies were randomly assigned to paddock A (50 × 110 m) or B (50 × 110 m divided into seven equal strips with access to one additional strip per day) for seven days (n = 5/paddock). In study two, ten different British native breed ponies were randomly assigned for 14 days individually to (1) a control field where the animal was allowed complete access to their allotted area (n = 4)...
Bile Acids, Direct Bilirubin and Gamma-glutamyltransferase as Prognostic Indicators for Horses with Liver Disease in the Eastern United States: 82 Cases (1997-2019). Serum biochemistry results and presence of fibrosis on liver biopsies are frequently used as prognostic indicators in horses with liver dysfunction. The objective of this retrospective multicenter study was to determine if the magnitude of abnormal liver specific biochemical tests such as bile acids (BA), direct bilirubin and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), or the presence of fibrosis reported on liver biopsies was associated with prognosis in horses with liver dysfunction. Eighty-two horses older than one year, examined at four referral hospitals in the eastern United States, with BA values ...
Microbial Variability of Commercial Equine Probiotics. Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that confer a health benefit to the host when administered in adequate amounts, therefore the presence of viable microorganisms is essential. Previous studies reported inconsistencies when comparing contents of probiotics marketed for use in animals with label claims. However, to the author's knowledge the variability of the same product between different lots has yet to be evaluated. The objective of this observational study was to evaluate the content and inter-lot variability of commercial equine probiotic products using culture dependent and in...
Degradation of Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Fructans in the Stomach of Horses Adapted to a Prebiotic Dose of Fructooligosaccharides and Inulin. For a period of 20 days, 12 horses either received a prebiotic supplementation with fructooligosaccharides and inulin via Jerusalem artichoke meal (JAM) or corncob meal without grains (CMG) as placebo. The horses were euthanized 1 hour postprandial, gastric digesta was sampled from pars nonglandularis (PNG) and pars glandularis (PG), and concentrations of starch, mono- and disaccharides, fructans, d- and l-lactic acid, and short chain fatty acids were analyzed. Concentrations of starch and simple sugars were widely the same in JAM supplemented and not supplemented meals. However, fructans were...
Reproductive patterns and follicular waves in postpartum lactating versus non-postpartum cycling mares. This comparative study between postpartum lactating (PP Lactating) and non-postpartum cycling (N-PP Cycling) mares aimed to characterize reproductive patterns, types and frequencies of follicular waves, corpus luteum and endometrial echotexture dynamics, and the influence of season and body condition. Mares from each group were paired considering the day of parturition of a PP Lactating mare. The partum-ovulation interval (POI) and the postpartum interovulatory interval (PPIOI) were evaluated for PP Lactating mares, and 2 IOIs were evaluated for N-PP Cycling mares. The following observations w...
Uterine Involution of Mares Supplemented with Dietary Algae-Derived Omega-3 Fatty Acids During the Peripartum Period. Different approaches have been used to improve conception rates at foal heat. Omega-3 fatty acids family and derivatives have improved reproductive efficiency in ruminants, but literature lacks studies evaluating these components on equines. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of mare dietary supplementation with microalgae rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) during peripartum on follicular dynamics and uterine involution in early post-partum. Eighteen pregnant mares, no particular breed, 410 ± 39.5 kg body weight (BW), and 7.83 ± 2.01 yr old were used. Mares were randomly ass...
Early Evidence of the Economic Effects of COVID-19 on the Horse Show Industry in 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic affected the economic status of all sectors of the global economy including the horse show industry. Reporting the impact of COVID-19 on in-person horse shows and an early assessment of its impact on the economy was the objective of this study. A Qualtrics survey instrument was disseminated to horse show participants through social media pages and email (n = 251). A majority of respondents were females (95.6%) representing a cross-section of the United States (84.0%). Participants reported planning to attend an average of 9.7 (SD = 7.15) in-person horse shows in 2020...
Total Carbon Dioxide in Adult Standardbred and Thoroughbred Horses. The TCO2 (total carbon dioxide) test is performed on the blood of racehorses as a means of combatting the practice of administering alkalizing agents for the purpose of enhancing performance. The purposes of this review are to present an overview of the factors contributing to TCO2 and to review the literature regarding TCO2 in adult Standardbred and Thoroughbred horses to demonstrate the range of variability of TCO2 in horses. Most of the research published on the topic of TCO2 or bicarbonate measurement in racehorses was accessed and reviewed. PubMed and Google Scholar were the primary sear...
Clinical Outcome of Transcervical Infusion of a Combination of Procaine Penicillin and Gentamicin in Late-term Pregnant Mares. Transcervical intrauterine infusion of antibiotics may more effectively treat pathogens associated with fetal and neonatal disease in pregnant mares than standard systemic routes. The objective of this study was to assess the safety of transcervical antibiotic infusion by characterizing the gestational outcome in nine healthy pregnant pony mares following a single transcervical infusion of 2.4 million IU of procaine penicillin and 200 mg of gentamicin in a 10 mL volume during late gestation. Assessment of fetal-placental health was performed through serial measurement of the combined thickness...
Pythiosis in Equidae in Northeastern Brazil: 1985-2020. The epidemiologic, clinical, pathologic, microbiological and immunohistochemical findings of pythiosis in equidae in northeastern Brazil are described. From January 1985 to December 2020 the Laboratory of Animal Pathology of the Federal University of Campina Grande received 1,331 tissue samples of equidae, 202 (15.17%) of which were diagnosed as pythiosis. Equidae of both sexes with ages varying from 4 months to 25 years were affected. Most animals were mixed breed (79.7%) and reared in an extensive system (73.26%). The disease occurred throughout the year but the highest incidence (70.29%) wa...
Influence of Reproductive Status on Equine Serum Proteome: Preliminary Results. The reproductive cycle and early pregnancy represent dynamic physiological states in mammals, but mechanisms involved in early pregnancy in the domestic horse remain poorly understood. Proteins in uterine secretions have been studied, but the proteome of peripheral serum during various reproductive states has not been investigated. This study characterized and compared the serum proteome in the domestic horse during various reproductive states. Serum was collected from three mares during: (1) estrus (day [d] -1; d 0 = ovulation), (2) diestrus (d 12.5, non-mated), (3) early pregnancy (d 12.5,...
Use of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in the Treatment of Limb Wounds: A Case Series of 42 Horses. Traumatic limb injuries are common in horses. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been proven to promote wound healing in human medicine. It has also been described for the treatment of wounds in horses. In this retrospective study, clinical records of 42 (n = 42) animals were assessed. Categories of wounds, duration of NPWT application, frequency of resetting the NPWT device, technical complications, and tolerance to the procedure were recorded. 42 wounds were classified as bony (n = 15; 36 %), articular (n = 14; 33 %), tenosynovial (n = 9; 21%), muscular (n = 2; 5%) and cuta...
Factors Associated with Owner-Reported Euthanasia in Equids in France. There is limited evidence regarding the proportion of dead equids in France that were euthanized and the factors influencing the decision-making of euthanasia. The better understanding of which could facilitate research on improvement of welfare, especially on end of life issues. The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of euthanasia and identify associated factors in equids in France. A web-based survey was created and distributed by the French horse and riding institute to owners who reported an equine death between April 2017 and April 2018 (n = 5 158). Factors associated with...
Effect of Donor Diet on In Vitro Digestibility of Forages by Fecal Inoculate. Previous research indicates equine fecal inoculates produce comparable results to cecal fluid when used for in vitro procedures to analyze dry matter digestibility (DMD). Equine hindgut microbial communities represented in fecal samples have been shown to be affected by diet. The study's objective was to determine the effect of the donor diet on in vitro DMD when fecal donors were fed high starch, or high fiber diets. Six Quarter Horses were used in a crossover design to compare the effects of a grain versus forage diet on in vitro digestion of forages ranging from: CP 7.7 to 16.4 %DM, NDF 53 ...
Accuracy of a heart rate monitor for calculating heart rate variability parameters in exercising horses. Heart rate is evaluated in exercising horses to monitor the level of fitness to exercise, and it is usually acquired using heart rate monitors (HRM) or telemetric electrocardiograms (ECG). While HRM are commonly available and easy-to-use for horse's owners, ECG is a more expensive equipment requiring user's experience. Interest for heart rate variability (HRV) in horses is increasing for both research and clinical purposes. HRV is usually calculated from interbeat intervals (IBI) obtained by ECG. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of an HRM to detect IBI for the calculation of...
Cholesterol-Loaded Cyclodextrin Addition to Skim Milk-Based Extender Enhances Donkey Semen Cooling and Fertility in Horse Mares. The present study aimed to compare semen parameters and fertility of cooled donkey semen extended in a commercially available skim milk (SKM) based extender and the same extender with cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin (SKM-CLC). In Experiment 1, thirty-five ejaculates from seven jacks were split in SKM and SKM-CLC, extended at 50 million sperm/mL and stored at 5°C for 48 hours. Total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM), percentage of sperm with rapid motility (RAP) were assessed with CASA. Plasma membrane stability (PMS), and high mitochondrial membrane potential (HMP) were assessed with t...
Segmental Cervical Aplasia in a Colombian Creole Mare with Mosaic X-Chromosome Aneuploidy. A 4-year-old Colombian Creole mare was presented for diagnosis because the external orifice of her cervix was not detectable when a uterine lavage as therapy for uterine fluid accumulation was attempted. Clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation of the genital tract revealed that ovaries were of normal size and showed structures suggestive of regular ovarian activity. However, granular free-floating fluid material distending the uterus was detected by ultrasound. Upon vaginal examination, the normal external cervical morphology was not evident. The vagina ended in a blind bag with a small papil...
Invasive leiomyosarcoma involving the tongue of an Arabian mare. A 10 year-old endurance Arabian mare was presented with an invasive, firm, multilobulated mass at the left ventral face of the tongue. The mare had a history of four months of ptyalism, dysphagia, severe halitosis, and dysmastication. The Evaluation of the horse included physical and oral examination, complete blood count and serum biochemistry profile, computed tomography evaluation of the head, and histopathology of the mass. The computerized tomography (CT) head scan showed the homogeneous mass in the oral cavity confirming the degree of invasion on the tongue, as well as a small mineral fo...
Development and Application of a Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Simultaneous Detection of Bacterial Aetiologic Agents Associated With Equine Venereal Diseases. Venereal diseases caused by bacteria are important to the equine industry due to economic losses caused by decline of conception rate in breeding horses. Therefore, identification of infected animals as well as the implementation of appropriate managerial procedures based on accurate diagnosis is critical. In this study, two types of multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction with high sensitivity and specificity were developed for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of five commonly associated bacterial pathogens of venereal diseases in horses, consisting of Taylorella equigenit...
Use of Antibiotics in Equines and Their Effect on Metabolic Health and Cecal Microflora Activities. In the race against deadly diseases, multiple drugs have been developed as a treatment strategy in livestock. Each treatment is based on a specific mechanism to find a suitable drug. Antibiotics have become a fundamental part of the equine industry to treat bacterial diseases. These antibiotics have specific doses and side effects, and understanding each parameter allows veterinarians to avoid or limit the adverse effects of such drugs. Use of antibiotics causes microbial imbalance, decreased microbial diversity and richness in both cecal and fecal samples. Antibiotics reduced metabolites prod...
Investigation of the Bi-Weekly Administration of Diclazuril on the Antibody Kinetics to Sarcocystis Neurona in Healthy Horses. The aim of this study was to determine if bi-weekly administration of diclazuril at half the label dose would reduce seroprevalence and magnitude of titers to S. neurona in healthy horses naturally exposed to the apicomplexan protozoal parasite. 12 healthy adult horses were moved from a low-risk exposure to a farm with high exposure rate to S. neurona in their horse population. The horses were randomly assigned to either a treatment or a control group. Treatment consisted in the administration of half the label dose (0.5 mg/kg) of diclazuril (Protazil) pelleted top dress twice weekly (every 3-...
Morphometric, metabolic, and inflammatory markers across a cohort of client-owned horses and ponies on the insulin dysregulation spectrum. In human metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes, methylglyoxal (MG), D-lactate, and several cytokines have been recognized as biomarkers of important metabolic and inflammatory processes. Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) shares many similarities with these human counterparts. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to compare body condition score (BCS), cresty neck score (CNS), resting insulin, MG, D-lactate, L-lactate, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) between horses with and without insulin dysregulation, as clas...
Influence of Stretching Exercises, Warm-Up, or Cool-Down on the Physical Performance of Mangalarga Marchador Horses. The Horse Agribusiness Complex is an important activity in the Brazilian agricultural sector. Mangalarga Marchador (MM) is the most numerous breed of horses in Brazil and its temperament and gait characteristics (4-beat stepping gait) allow for the constant growth of the breed and the performance of vs. equestrian activities. The training management currently adopted with MM horses is based on empiricism, and scientific support is necessary to improve the well-being of horses in competitions and maintain the physical integrity of these athletes. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the effect...
Attrition of Thoroughbred and Standardbred racehorses at New York Racetracks due to exercise and non-exercise related fatalities during the 2016 – 2019 racing seasons. A longitudinal retrospective study was carried out to investigate the attrition of Thoroughbred (TB) and Standardbred (SB) horses racing at New York racetracks during the 2016 to 2019 seasons. The data were collected from the New York State Gaming Commission (NYSGC) Equine Breakdown, Death, Injury and Incident (EBDII), The Jockey Club InCompass Solutions, and The United States Trotting Association Pathway databases. Survival analysis was used to compare the predisposing factors by breed of the horse. The study included 431 horses (360 TB and 71 SB). There was a significant difference between t...
Heritability of Locomotor Stereotypies in Chilean Horses. The Chilean horse is a breed of closed registry. Stall-walking and weaving are locomotor stereotypies that affect this breed, and genetic predisposition has been suggested for both conditions. The objective of the present study was to estimate heritability of stall-walking and weaving in Chilean horses. Owners of 2,098 horses registered in the Chilean horse Stud Book, which were or had been stabled for at least 1 year, were asked to provide for identification data of the animal and presence or absence of stall-walking and/or weaving. The Chilean Horse Stud Book was accessed online, to collect ...
Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography Findings in 105 Horse Distal Extremities. The poor soft tissue conspicuity of CT can be improved by using intra-arterial CT Angiography (CTA), and intra-articular and intra-bursal contrast enhanced CT (CTAR). This retrospective study describes a combination protocol of CT and CTA of the horse's foot, and CTAR of the distal interphalangeal joint and navicular bursa. It is hypothesized this would provide a comprehensive overview of the range and severity of distal limb pathology. Radiology reports of all horses admitted for distal limb CT over a 5 year period were reviewed. All horses with a complete four stage CT examination and radiol...
Effect of Topical Cyclopentolate 1% on Ocular Ultrasonographic Features, Intraocular Pressure, Tear Production, and Pupil Size in Normal Donkeys (Equus Asinus). This study was performed to investigate the effects of cyclopentolate on ultrasonographic parameters of eye structures, intraocular pressure (IOP), tear production, and pupil size in normal donkeys. Sixteen eyes of eight clinically healthy adult donkeys (2-2.5 years old) weighing 295 ± 34 kg (mean ± standard deviation) were used in this study. Cyclopentolate hydrochloride 1% was instilled in a randomly selected eye and the other eye received normal saline drops as a control. The effect of cyclopentolate was evaluated by ultrasonography. Additionally, changes in IOP and tear production were ...
Accelerometric Evaluation of the Locomotor Pattern After Administration of Morphine in Conscious Healthy Horses. The objective of the present study was to compare, using accelerometry, the gait changes produced after administration of a dose of 0.2 mg/kg of morphine at the walk in healthy horses. Six mature horses were used, and all animals received two different treatments with, at least, two weeks interval in between. Treatments administered consisted of a single dose of 10 ml of saline solution or a total of 0.2 mg/kg of morphine diluted in 10 ml of saline solution. A three-dimensional accelerometric device was used to collect data continuously while horses were walking. The walking test was performed...
