Journal of equine veterinary science.
Publisher:
William E. Jones,. New York : Elsevier (2003)
Frequency: Monthly
Country: United States
Language: English
Start Year:1981 -
ISSN:
0737-0806 (Print)
0737-0806 (Linking)
0737-0806 (Linking)
Impact Factor
1.3
2022
| NLM ID: | 8216840 |
| (DNLM): | J20290000(s) |
| (OCoLC): | 07643410 |
| Classification: | W1 JO644CD |
Cooling and Cryopreservation of Equine Platelet-Rich Plasma With Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Trehalose. Equine platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been used in horses to repair bone, articular and tendinous lesions, laminitis, and even endometritis. However, platelets have a very limited lifespan, which makes it difficult to prepare and use PRP, except in loco. With the aim to produce PRP with higher platelet viability for clinical purposes, the effects of the cryoprotectants dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and trehalose were evaluated on cooled (4°C) and cryopreserved (-196°C) equine PRP. The protocols of cooling and cryopreservation were performed independently, comparing the following treatments: fres...
Equine Contribution in Methane Emission and Its Mitigation Strategies. Greenhouses gas emission mitigation is a very important aspect of earth sustainability with greenhouse gasses reduction, a focus of agricultural and petrochemical industries. Methane is produced in nonruminant herbivores such as horses because they undergo hindgut fermentation. Although equine produce less methane than ruminant, increasing population of horses might increase their contribution to the present 1.2 to 1.7 Tg, estimate. Diet, feeding frequency, season, genome, and protozoa population influence methane production equine. In population, Methanomicrobiales, Methanosarcinales, Methan...
Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Properties, Sources, Characterization, and Potential Therapeutic Applications. Properties like sustained multiplication and self-renewal, and homing and multilineage differentiation to undertake repair of the damaged tissues make stem cells the lifeline for any living system. Therefore, stem cell therapy is regarded to carry immense therapeutic potential. Though the dearth of understanding about the basic biological properties and pathways involved in therapeutic benefits currently limit the application of stem cells in humans as well as animals, there are innumerable reports that suggest clinical benefits of stem cell therapy in equine. Among various stem cell sources, ...
The Effects of Various Levels of Docosahexaenoic Acid on Inflammatory Markers in Conditioned Horses During Lactate Threshold Tests. Exercise stimulates the release of inflammatory cytokines and supplementation with n-3 fatty acids reduces inflammation. The effects of different doses of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on inflammation in polo horses submitted to field lactate threshold tests (LT) were analyzed. We hypothesized that higher doses of DHA would reduce postexercise inflammation. Twenty polo horses were assigned to different treatments: control group fed (n = 5) grain and hay, 3 treatment groups (n = 5) fed 10, 20, or 50 g/day of DHA with grain and free choice hay during 60 days. Horses underwent LT tests before st...
Effect of Using Two Cryopreservation Methods on Viability and Fertility of Frozen Stallion Sperm. Studies involving different methods and techniques of cryopreservation and its interactions with the conception rates in artificial insemination (AI) programs are reported in the literature. This study evaluated the sperm kinetics, plasma membrane integrity, and fertility rates of mares inseminated with cryopreserved stallion semen subjected to different freezing methods. For this, four ejaculates from five stallions were collected and frozen in conventional (Styrofoam box) or automated system in Mini-Digitcool ZH 400. Seminal samples were evaluated after thawing for sperm motion parameters by...
Molecular Detection of Equus caballus Papillomavirus Type 2 in Genital Swabs From Healthy Horses in the Republic of Korea. Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV-2) is implicated in genital neoplasms in horses, including equine penile papillomas, penile intraepithelial neoplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This virus seldom regresses spontaneously and can result in the development of SCC, which may result in significant clinical damage and economic cost. However, the prevalence of this virus is unknown in clinically unaffected horses. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of EcPV-2 DNA in genital swabs from healthy horses in the Republic of Korea and to investigate genetic variability w...
Evaluation of DNA Damage of Mare Granulosa Cells Before and After Cryopreservation Using a Chromatin Dispersion Test. DNA fragmentation of granulosa cells might be related to developmental competence of the equine oocyte. Granulosa cells are commonly stored before DNA fragmentation assessment, but the effect of preservation methods on this parameter remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether or not cryopreservation of granulosa cells affects the DNA damage. Equine oocytes were recovered from postmortem ovaries of five mares. Granulosa cells were washed by centrifugation and then analyzed (control) or stored in cryovials following four different protocols: P1 = directly plunged in liqui...
Effect of Starch Source in Pelleted Concentrates on Fecal Bacteria in Prepartum and Postpartum Mares. Dietary starch source has been shown to affect fecal bacterial communities of horses fed minimally processed cereal grains. However, processing may increase foregut starch digestibility, reducing effects of starch source on fecal bacterial communities. This study aimed to determine the effect of starch source in pelleted concentrates on fecal Lactobacillus spp., amylolytic bacteria, and cellulolytic bacteria in broodmares mares, during the prepartum and postpartum period. Thoroughbred mares (n = 18) were paired by last breeding date then randomly assigned to either an oat-based or a corn and ...
Equine Personality: Association With Breed, Use, and Husbandry Factors. Temperament can be defined as innate properties of the nervous system, whereas personality includes the complex behavioral traits acquired through life. Association between personality and behavior is important for breeding, selection, and training of horses. For the first time, we evaluated if equine personality components previously identified in Japan and Europe were consistent when applied to American horses. We examined the association of personality with breed, age, sex, management, training, stereotypies, and misbehaviors. The owner directed personality survey consisted of 25 questions....
Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations of Horses Grazing Alfalfa, Cool-Season Perennial Grasses, and Teff. The impact of forage species on plasma amino acid (AA) concentrations of grazing horses (Equus caballus L.) is unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of different forage species on plasma AA concentrations and protein synthesis. Research was conducted in July in St. Paul, MN, USA. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), mixed perennial cool-season grasses (CSGs), and teff (Eragrostis tef [Zucc.] Trotter) pastures were grazed by six horses randomly assigned to one of three forage types in a replicated Latin-square design. Horses had access to pasture each day. Jugular venous b...
Freezing, Vitrification, and Freeze-Drying of Equine Spermatozoa: Impact on Mitochondrial Membrane Potential, Lipid Peroxidation, and DNA Integrity. Maintaining the integrity of equine sperm subjected to preservation protocols is essential for the successful development of assisted reproduction procedures. The aim of this study was to assess the mitochondrial membrane potential, lipid peroxidation, and DNA integrity of equine sperm subjected to freezing, vitrification, and freeze-drying. Eight ejaculates obtained from four Colombian Creole horses were subjected to programmable freezing, vitrification, and freeze-drying. After thawing or rehydration, sperm motility and kinetics were assessed through a CASA system. The mitochondrial membrane...
Pharmacokinetics of Intrarectal Altrenogest in Horses. Hospitalized pregnant mares being held nil per os (PO) because of medical or surgical events present a dilemma for pregnancy maintenance therapy, which commonly includes oral altrenogest. Rectal administration of medications is a recognized route for achieving systemic concentrations, but there are no data on the pharmacokinetics of rectal altrenogest administration in horses. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of altrenogest following PO or per rectum (PR) administration in mares. Using a randomized two-way crossover study design, six horses received altrenogest (...
Impact of Equine and Bovine Oocyte Maturation in Follicular Fluid From Young and Old Mares on Embryo Production in Vitro. Equine follicular fluid (FF) provides autocrine and paracrine factors from theca, granulosa, and cumulus cells, both reflecting and impacting oocyte and follicle maturation. We hypothesized that maturation of oocytes in FF from old versus young mares has a deleterious effect on oocyte maturation and their subsequent developmental potential. Follicular fluid was collected from the large, dominant follicle from young mares (4-13 years) or old mares (21-26 years) and classified as: (1) Noninduced follicular fluid (NFF), FF from noninduced follicle 33 ± 3 mm, or (2) Induced follicular fluid (I...
Magnetic Motor Evoked Potential Recording in Horses Using Intramuscular Needle Electrodes and Surface Electrodes. To date, motor evoked potential (MEP) recording in animals is often performed using intramuscular monopolar needle electrodes. Their placement and use has several disadvantages. Adhesive surface electrodes appear to be attractive because they are painless and easy to place. Because these are not used in horses, a scouting study is performed to (1) explore the applicability of surface electrodes in horses (2) determine the repeatability of motor latency times (MLTs) and amplitude measurements, and (3) to investigate if MLTs and amplitude values of surface electrode recordings were similar to in...
Evaluation of Systemic and Local Inflammatory Parameters and Manifestations of Pain in an Equine Experimental Wound Model. In the last decades, a well-established equine wound model has been used to study fibroproliferative wound healing disorders. The aim of this study was to characterize the degree of discomfort of wounding and sampling in an equine excisional wound model by evaluating systemic and local inflammatory responses and signs of pain. A total of 12 cutaneous wounds, three on each shoulder and each metatarsus, were created in a standing surgical procedure. Wounds were biopsied on days 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after surgery. Clinical parameters (rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory frequency) and ...
Effect of Supplementation of Sorghum Silage in Weanling Fillies During the Dry Period in Brazil. Young horses reach nearly 90% of their final height in the first year of life. However, to achieve their genetic potential, it is necessary to receive adequate nutrition during this period of rapid growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of sorghum silage during a period of limited pasture forage availability, on the body development, and health of Mangalarga Marchador (MM) weanling fillies. Fourteen healthy MM 6-month-old fillies were randomly assigned to one of two groups: GS (consuming silage) and GH (consuming grass hay (Cynodon spp) in addition to...
Glucose and Insulin Response of Horses Grazing Alfalfa, Perennial Cool-Season Grass, and Teff Across Seasons. Elevated nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) values in pasture forages can cause adverse health effects in some horses (Equus caballus L.). The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of different forage species on blood glucose and insulin concentrations of horses throughout the grazing season. Research was conducted in July (summer) and September (fall) in St. Paul, MN. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), mixed perennial cool-season grasses (CSG), and teff (Eragrostis tef [Zucc.] Trotter) pastures were grazed by six horses (24 ± 2 years) that were randomly assigned to one of three for...
Effects of Rider Experience Level on Horse Kinematics and Behavior. There is little information on behavioral and physical effects of lesson horses being used multiple times a day or ridden by riders of varying levels of skill, leaving lesson program managers with limited information to support horse management and welfare decisions. This study used video analysis to evaluate whether horses exhibited different limb kinematics or patterns of behavior under riders with differing levels of experience, factors that could impact physical effort by the horse. Riders (n = 8) were sorted by skill level (four beginner and four advanced), and horses (n = 8) were sorte...
Molecular Detection of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disorder in Arabian Horses in Egypt. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a fatal genetic disorder and one of the common genetic diseases of the Arabian horse. The genetic mutation responsible for this disease is a five base pair deletion (TCTCA) in the DNA-protein kinase catalytic subunit gene. Severe combined immunodeficiency is a recessive autosomal genetic disorder with 25% chance inheritance of the disease among the progeny of carrier parents. It causes complete absence of certain immune cells, like B and T lymphocytes, leaving foals with immunodeficiency and exposing them to early death within 4 to 6 months. This stud...
The Efficacy of Intermittent Long-term Bell Boot Application for the Correction of Muscle Asymmetry in Equine Subjects. It has been proposed that manipulating proprioceptive signals of the equine distal limb as part of a rehabilitation process in cases of musculoskeletal pain or neurologic deficits can be used to correct postural control and restore normal motor programs. This trial has examined the effect of treatment with a light-weight and loose-fitting bell boot (82 g) on an imbalance of muscle gluteus superficialis function in horses as measured using acoustic myography (AMG). Eight horses were trained over a 60-minute period every 3 days for 6 weeks, a protocol based on preliminary findings. Acoustic my...
Identification of mRNA of the Inflammation-associated Proteins CXCL8, CXCR2, CXCL10, CXCR3, and β-Arrestin-2 in Equine Wounded Cutaneous Tissue: a Preliminary Study. Horses often sustain cutaneous wounds and healing can be prolonged and difficult to treat. Compared to body wounds, limb wounds heal slower and are more likely to develop exuberant granulation tissue. Differences in healing rates and exuberant granulation tissue formation is attributed to abnormal cytokine profiles. CXCL8 and its receptor CXCR2 are involved in acute inflammation whereas CXCL10 and its receptor CXCR3 are involved in inflammation resolution. β- arrestin-2 regulates inflammation through internalization of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) including CXCR2 and CXCR3. Gene expres...
Equine Calming Products: A Short Survey Into Their Use, Effect, and Knowledge Using a Small Sample of Horse Owners in the North of Scotland, UK. Equine calming products (ECPs) are often used by horse owners to alter or mitigate unwanted or dangerous behaviors in various situations. Little scientific research to date examines horse owners' knowledge surrounding these products. The objective of this pilot survey was to determine horse owners' use and perceptions of ECPs. For convenience, a survey was distributed to riding club members, livery yards, and riding instructors in the North of Scotland, UK, to ascertain the following information; the number of horse owners and caretakers who use an ECP, whether the product was considered to be...
Effects of Various Methods of Sulpiride Administration on Prolactin Release in Horses. Four experiments assessed factors affecting prolactin responses to sulpiride administration in horses. Experiment 1 compared the efficacy of the (-) enantiomer of sulpiride to that of the commonly used (+/-) racemic mixture. Mares were used in an 8 × 8 Latin square to compare the prolactin responses to four doses of levosulpiride to four corresponding doses of the racemic mixture at twice the dose. Responses at each dose indicated equal and similar (P > .1) responses. Experiment 2 compared the efficacy of 1 gram of orally administered racemic sulpiride to 100 mg of intramuscularly injec...
Effect of Aromatherapy on Equine Heart Rate Variability. This study explored whether aromatherapy increases the parasympathetic component (root mean square of successive differences [RMSSD]) of heart rate variability (HRV) in horses. Horses are highly sensitive, easily stressed, have an acute sense of smell, and have been shown to benefit from aromatherapy. The protocol, performed on eight dressage horses, followed a crossover design with an experimental treatment of humidified essential oil (lavender, Lavandula angustifolia) and a control treatment of humidified air. Heart rate variability was recorded for 7 minutes before, during, and immediately...
Risk Factors Associated With Seroreactivity Against Leptospira sp. in Horses From Brazilian Amazon. This study investigated the risk factors associated with seroreactivity to Leptospira sp. in horses from Brazilian Amazon. Blood samples were collected and microscopic agglutination test was performed, and univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted for association with risk factors. General seroprevalence was 32.7% and the most prevalent serogroup observed was Sejroe (5.9%). Seroreactivity was associated with age, sex, activity (work, leisure, or both), feed supplementation, trash accumulation, and presence of felines. Epidemiology of leptospirosis remains poorly understood in Amazon ...
Serum Thyroid Hormone and Thyrotropin Concentrations in Adult Horses as They Age. With more horses remaining active longer in life, it is important to characterize changes that occur normally with aging, so that these can be differentiated from development of disease. The objective of the study was to test the hypotheses that geriatric horses have lower circulating concentrations of thyroid hormones and/or higher serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations compared to younger horses. Serum thyroid hormone and TSH concentrations from 71 normal, healthy horses that had participated in prior research projects were analyzed for effects of age, sex, and season when samples were obtai...
Effect of Road Transport on the Equine Cecal Microbiota. The effects of travel stress on the equine cecal microbiota are poorly understood. We hypothesized that travel would affect the equine cecal microbiota. Cecally-cannulated horses (n = 6) were randomly assigned to one of two groups, travel (n = 3) and control (n = 3). Horses received a basal diet (Strategy, Purina Animal Nutrition) with 1.2% body weight mixed grass/alfalfa. Travel horses were transported to an unfamiliar location, stalled to simulate weekend horse show conditions, and then returned to the Southern Illinois University Equine Center. Control horses remained at the equine cente...
Ultrasonographic Reference Values of Kidney Dimensions and Clinicopathological Findings Associating the Transcutaneous Ultrasound-Guided Renal Biopsy in Donkeys (Equus asinus). This study aimed to establish normal ultrasonographic reference values of kidney dimensions in donkeys (Equus asinus) and to describe and evaluate the clinicopathological variations associated with ultrasound-guided renal biopsy. The ultrasonographic dimensions of the right and left kidneys were conducted on 16 donkeys, which were then divided into two groups; eight each for biopsy of the right kidney (RK) and left kidney (LK). Three ultrasonographic cineloops were obtained at 17th intercostal space daily for 3 consecutive days. Renal length, width, and dimensions of the cortex, medulla, and p...
The Disappearing Lamellae: Implications of New Findings in the Family Equidae Suggest the Loss of Nuchal Ligament Lamellae on C6 and C7 Occurred After Domestication. Conflicting data predominantly describes the equine nuchal ligament lamellae (NLL) attachments as C2-C6 or C2-C7; however, preliminary evidence suggests C2-C5. This study aimed to identify morphological variations in the attachments of the NLL in four species of the family equidae and determine if the variations were species or breed linked. Cadaveric examination evaluated 98 equids; Equusasinus (n = 2), Equus ferus caballus (n = 93), Equus przewalskii (n = 2), and Equus quagga boehmi (n = 1). Twenty breeds of E. f. caballus were included according to breed type-modern horse (n = 81), anc...