Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care
Publisher:
Veterinary Emergency & Critical Care Society,. Malden, MA : Blackwell (2005)
Frequency: Quarterly
Country: United States
Language: English
Author(s):
Veterinary Emergency & Critical Care Society., American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care.
Start Year:2001 -
ISSN:
1479-3261 (Print)
1476-4431 (Electronic)
1476-4431 (Linking)
1476-4431 (Electronic)
1476-4431 (Linking)
Impact Factor
2.6
2023
| NLM ID: | 1011528048708660 |
| (OCoLC): | 47104087 |
| LCCN: | 2001220140 |
| Classification: | W1 JO97NT |
A rapid detection method for the ryanodine receptor 1 (C7360G) mutation in Quarter Horses. Anesthetic-induced malignant hyperthermia has been documented in Quarter Horses and is caused by a single-point mutation in the ryanodine receptor 1 gene at nucleotide C7360G generating a R2454G amino acid substitution. An accurate, faster molecular test that is less prone to contamination would facilitate screening for the mutation in horses intended for breeding, in those undergoing surgical procedures, and in those with clinical signs compatible with malignant hyperthermia. Objective: To report a rapid and accurate method for the detection of the ryanodine receptor 1 C7360G mutation. Method...
Malignant hyperthermia associated with ryanodine receptor 1 (C7360G) mutation in Quarter Horses. Anesthetic-induced malignant hyperthermia (MH) has been documented in Quarter Horses with a single point mutation in the ryanodine receptor 1 gene (RyR1) at nucleotide C7360G, generating a R2454G amino acid substitution. However, there have been no reports of nonanesthetic manifestations of MH in horses with the C7360G mutation. Objective: To describe clinical manifestations of Quarter Horses with the C7360G mutation. Methods: Eleven Quarter Horses with the RyR1 C7360G mutation. Methods: This prospective study included horses with suspected MH, undetermined etiology of sudden death, death with...
Calcium regulating hormones and serum calcium and magnesium concentrations in septic and critically ill foals and their association with survival. Disorders of calcium regulation are frequently found in humans with critical illness, yet limited information exists in foals with similar conditions including septicemia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether disorders of calcium exist in septic foals, and to determine any association with survival. Objective: Blood concentrations of ionized calcium (Ca(2+)) and magnesium (Mg(2+)) will be lower in septic foals with concomitant increases in parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin (CT), and parathyroid-related peptide (PTHrP) compared with healthy foals. The magnitude of these differ...
Incidence of transfusion reactions and retention of procoagulant and anticoagulant factor activities in equine plasma. The extent of preservation of clotting factors and incidence of transfusion reactions to noncommercial equine plasma is not documented. Objective: Equine frozen plasma would retain its coagulation factor activity within the reference range and the incidence of transfusion reactions would be low. Methods: Ten plasma donor horses. Fifty clinically ill hospitalized horses receiving plasma were reviewed to determine the incidence of reactions. Methods: In vitro study and retrospective case review. Plasma was prepared by gravity sedimentation from whole blood refrigerated for 48 hours. The activiti...
Calprotectin in myeloid and epithelial cells of laminae from horses with black walnut extract-induced laminitis. Laminar inflammation is one of the earliest events in equine laminitis. Calprotectin (CP), a Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern protein, is overexpressed in inflammatory conditions of human skin. Objective: CP is overexpressed in the laminar epidermis of horses with black walnut extract (BWE)-induced laminitis. Methods: Twenty adult horses. Methods: Experimental study. Horses were allocated to one of 4 groups. BWE was administered to horses in 3 groups, which were sampled 1.5, 3, and 12 hours (LAM) later. CP was visualized by immunohistochemistry. Laminar leukocyte counts and intensity of lam...
Prospective evaluation of coagulation in critically ill neonatal foals. Coagulopathy is a potentially underrecognized complication of sepsis and septic shock in critically ill neonatal foals. Objective: Critically ill neonatal foals have abnormalities in coagulation that are associated with disease severity and outcome. Methods: Foals <72 hours old admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: Prospective, observational study. Blood was collected at admission, 24, and 48 hours for platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, antithrombin activity and concentrations of fibrin degradation products, and fibrinogen in plasma from all...
Thyroid function in anhidrotic horses. This study was performed to determine whether anhidrotic horses have altered thyroid function compared with horses that sweat normally. Objective: Anhidrotic horses have normal thyroid function. Methods: Ten client-owned horses with clinical signs of anhidrosis were paired with 10 horses living in the same environment that had normal sweat production. Methods: Horses were diagnosed as having normal sweat production or being anhidrotic based on responses to intradermal injections of terbutaline and physiologic responses to lunging exercise. Control horses were selected from the same environment...
Vegetative endocarditis in equids (1994–2006). Endocarditis is a rare heart condition with variable clinical expressions in equids. Risk factors for this disease are incompletely understood. Objective: Describe risk factors for endocarditis in equids. Methods: One hundred and fifty-three equids admitted to Liège University, 9 diagnosed with endocarditis and 144 free from endocarditis but admitted to the hospital with a differential diagnosis including this disease. Methods: Retrospective case-control study. Results: Equids with endocarditis were significantly younger (mean age = 4.84 +/- 5.74 years) than control equids (mean age = 10.8 +/...
Atrial and ventricular electrical and contractile remodeling and reverse remodeling owing to short-term pacing-induced atrial fibrillation in horses. In humans, atrial fibrillation (AF) induces electrical, contractile, and structural remodeling leading to AF stabilization. Little is known about AF-induced atrial remodeling in horses. Objective: Induced AF produces rapid atrial electrical and contractile remodeling in horses. Methods: Six horses, 5 animals completed the study. Methods: Each horse was instrumented with a pulse generator and pacemaker to maintain AF by burst pacing and to study atrial and ventricular electrophysiology (AF cycle length [AFCL], AF duration, and atrial/ventricular effective refractory period [AERP/VERP] at differ...
The use of radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy in the treatment of urethral urolithiasis in the horse: a preliminary study. Radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is widely used in equine practice for the treatment of orthopedic problems. However, its original use as a lithotripsy device in human and canine urology led us to postulate that it could be used as an alternative to the surgical treatment of urethral calculi in horses. Objective: Radial ESWT can easily and safely fragment calculi in the distal urethra of the horse. Methods: Two postmortem cases and 1 live case of obstructive urinary disease admitted at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Liege. Methods: A radial shockwave device was directly appl...
Enilconazole treatment of horses with superficial Aspergillus spp. rhinitis. Mycotic rhinitis is an uncommon disease in horses with a wide range of clinical signs and treatment options based on case studies of a single or only a few individuals. Moreover, while dogs with mycotic rhinitis appear to respond well to treatment with topical enilconazole, this approach has yet to be reported in horses. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical findings, results of diagnostic investigations, treatment, and outcome in horses with mycotic rhinitis treated with topical enilconazole. Methods: Eight horses were included in the study. Methods: Medical records fr...
Pharmacokinetics of butorphanol and evaluation of physiologic and behavioral effects after intravenous and intramuscular administration to neonatal foals. Despite frequent clinical use, information about the pharmacokinetics (PK), clinical effects, and safety of butorphanol in foals is not available. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the PK of butorphanol in neonatal foals after IV and IM administration; to determine whether administration of butorphanol results in physiologic or behavioral changes in neonatal foals; and to describe adverse effects associated with its use in neonatal foals. Methods: Six healthy mixed breed pony foals between 3 and 12 days of age were used. Methods: In a 3-way crossover design, foals received ...
Fibrin deposits and organ failure in newborn foals with severe septicemia. Septicemia in human neonates frequently is complicated by activation of the coagulation system, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and multiple organ failure syndrome, which may contribute to high mortality. In adult horses with DIC, the lung has been the organ most frequently affected by fibrin deposits. In addition, in vivo studies suggest that hemostatic mechanisms may be immature in foals < 1-day old. Objective: Newborn foals with severe septicemia have fibrin deposits in their tissues independently of their age, and these fibrin deposits are associated with organ failure. Met...
Abnormalities in lung surfactant in horses clinically affected with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO). Abnormalities in lung surfactant are well described in human respiratory diseases including asthma, but are poorly described in horses. Objective: Lung surfactant is abnormal in horses with clinical signs of recurrent airway obstruction (RAO). Methods: Six healthy horses and 5 horses with RAO. Methods: Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained from all horses by standard procedures. Cell-free BALF was separated into crude surfactant pellets (CSP) and supernatant via ultracentrifugation. Phospholipid and protein content was analyzed from both of these fractions. Phospholipid composition ...
Factors associated with outcome in foals with neonatal isoerythrolysis (72 cases, 1988-2003). Neonatal foals with isoerythrolysis (NI) often die, but the risk factors for death have not been identified. Objective: To identify factors associated with outcome in foals with NI and to identify factors associated with death from liver failure or kernicterus in the same population. Methods: Seventy-two foals with NI examined at referral institutions. Methods: Retrospective case series. Information on signalment, clinical examination findings, laboratory testing, treatment, complications, outcome, and necropsy results were obtained. Results: The overall survival rate was 75% (54 of 72). Liver...
Detection of equine herpesvirus-1 in nasal swabs of horses by quantitative real-time PCR. Early identification of inhalation-transmitted equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) infections has been facilitated by the availability of a number of real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) tests. A direct comparison between nasal swab qPCR and traditional virus isolation (VI) requires a method for normalizing the qPCR samples and controlling for PCR inhibitors present in some clinical samples. Objective: To quantify EHV-1 shedding in viral swabs using an internal control and to compare fast qPCR to VI for the detection of EHV-1 in nasal swabs from horses. Methods: Fifteen horses experimentally infect...
Blood glucose concentrations in critically ill neonatal foals. Critical illness is associated with hyperglycemia in humans, and a greater degree and duration of hyperglycemia is associated with nonsurvival. Hypoglycemia is also seen in critically ill humans, and is associated with nonsurvival. This might also be true in the critically ill foal. Objective: To investigate the association of blood glucose concentrations with survival, sepsis, and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Methods: Blood glucose concentrations at admission (515 foals) and 24 hours (159 foals), 36 hours (95), 48 hours (82), and 60 hours (45) after admission were analy...
Plasma vasopressin concentrations in healthy foals from birth to 3 months of age. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) has received increased attention in equine critical care but there is minimal information of AVP concentration in foals. The clinical usefulness of measuring AVP in ill foals depends on knowledge of age-related changes in AVP concentrations in healthy foals. Objective: Plasma AVP concentrations will be significantly different when measured from birth to 3 months of age in healthy foals. Methods: Thirteen healthy university-owned foals. Methods: Prospective, observational study. Blood was collected from healthy foals at birth and 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, and 8...
Glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1) mutation in diverse breeds with polysaccharide storage myopathy. A missense mutation in the GYS1 gene was recently described in horses with polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM). Objective: The first objective was to determine the prevalence of the GYS1 mutation in horses with PSSM from diverse breeds. The second objective was to determine if the prevalence of the GYS1 mutation differed between horses diagnosed with PSSM based on grade 1 (typically amylase-sensitive) or grade 2 (typically amylase-resistant) polysaccharide. Methods: Eight hundred and thirty-one PSSM horses from 36 breeds. Methods: Horses with PSSM diagnosed by histopathology of skeletal mus...
Lawsonia intracellularis infection in horses: 2005-2007. Lawsonia intracellularis is an emerging equine pathogen that is a cause of equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE). Objective: To describe the signalment, month of presentation, common clinical signs, clinicopathologic values, diagnostic tests used, antimicrobial use, and survival status in horses affected with EPE; to evaluate how affected horses sold at public auction as yearlings; and to determine results of fecal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serum immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA) results in age matched, clinically normal herdmates. Methods: The study group was 57 horses treate...
Brainstem auditory-evoked responses in horses with temporohyoid osteoarthropathy. Facial and vestibulocochlear nerve dysfunction occurs commonly in horses with temporohyoid osteoarthropathy (THO); however, auditory dysfunction has not been thoroughly assessed. Objective: To determine if auditory abnormalities occur in horses with THO. Methods: Eleven diseased and 8 control horses. Methods: This is a prospective study in which brainstem auditory-evoked responses (BAER) were recorded in 11 horses diagnosed with THO through neurologic, endoscopic, radiographic, or computed tomographic examinations. BAER findings were compared with those recorded from 8 adult control horses. Re...
Demographics and costs of colic in Swedish horses. Colic is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in horses. In Sweden, an insurance database with diagnostic medical information is maintained on >30% of the nation's horse population. Objective: The objective was to describe the occurrence of colic, defined by costly veterinary care and life claims, in horses at 1 insurance company during 1997-2002. HORSES: All horses (<21 years of age) with complete insurance for veterinary care and life during the period 1997-2002 were included. Methods: Colic was defined as conditions where the main clinical sign was abdominal pain and the prob...
Effects of norepinephrine and combined norepinephrine and fenoldopam infusion on systemic hemodynamics and indices of renal function in normotensive neonatal foals. Norepinephrine increases arterial blood pressure but may have adverse effects on renal blood flow. Fenoldopam, a dopamine-1 receptor agonist, increases urine output in normotensive foals. The combination of norepinephrine and fenoldopam may lead to improved renal perfusion compared with an infusion of norepinephrine alone. The combined effects of these drugs have not been reported in the horse. Objective: Norepinephrine will alter the hemodynamic profile of foals without affecting renal function. Addition of fenoldopam will change the renal profile during the infusions without changing the hem...
Comparison of the Accu-Chek Aviva point-of-care glucometer with blood gas and laboratory methods of analysis of glucose measurement in equine emergency patients. More information is needed regarding accuracy of commonly used methods of glucose measurement in the critically ill horse. Objective: Glucometry will have good agreement with a laboratory standard. Glucometry with plasma will have better agreement than when performed with whole blood. Methods: Fifty sequentially admitted equine emergency patients, aged >1year. Methods: Venous blood was collected at admission and immediately analyzed by point-of-care glucometry on both whole blood (POC/WB) and plasma (POC/PL), a multielectrode blood gas analyzer with whole blood (BLG), and a standard laborat...
Bacteremia in equine neonatal diarrhea: a retrospective study (1990-2007). Bacteremia in sick foals is associated with survival, but the association of bacteremia and diarrhea is not reported. Objective: Neonatal foals with diarrhea will commonly be bacteremic. Methods: One hundred and thirty-three neonatal foals. Methods: Records of all foals <30 days of age presenting with diarrhea between January 1990 and September 2007 were reviewed. Results: Sixty-six of 133 foals (50%) were bacteremic at admission, with 75 isolates from the 66 samples. The blood culture from a further 18 foals (13.5%) grew coryneform bacteria. Nine foals (6.8%) had 2 or more organisms grown on ...