Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
The veterinary journal.
Publisher:
Ballière Tindall,. London : Balliere Tindall
Frequency: Bimonthly
Country: England
Language: English
Start Year:1997 -
ISSN:
1090-0233 (Print)
1532-2971 (Electronic)
1090-0233 (Linking)
1532-2971 (Electronic)
1090-0233 (Linking)
Impact Factor
2.2
2022
| NLM ID: | 9706281 |
| (DNLM): | SR0090528(s) |
| (OCoLC): | 35196731 |
| LCCN: | sn96-2143 |
| Classification: | W1 BR771 |
PCR detection of bovine papilloma virus DNA in superficial swabs and scrapings from equine sarcoids. The purpose of this study was to examine if bovine papilloma virus (BPV) DNA can be detected in superficial swabs or scrapings from equine sarcoids. Samples were obtained from 92 sarcoids and 20 non-sarcoidal control lesions. The polymerase chain reaction technique was used with a first primer set to check whether DNA extraction was successful, and with a second primer set specific for BPV-DNA. DNA isolation was successful in 88% of the swabs and 93% of the scrapings. All control lesions were negative for BPV-DNA.
Preliminary evaluation of diagnostic tests using horses experimentally infected with trypanosoma evansi. Seven surra negative horses were intravenously inoculated with 3 x 10(6)Trypanosoma evansi parasites derived from a camel. One horse was maintained as an uninfected negative control. Three antigen and three antibody detection tests were evaluated for diagnosis of infection in horses. The microhaematocrit centrifugation test (MHCT) was the most sensitive, first detecting parasites between one and three days (x 2.4) post infection (p.i.). The antigen (ag)-ELISA detected antigen between three and ten days (x 6.6) p.i. The latex agglutination test (LAT) first gave positive results on day 3 (x 3.0)...
Glycerol hyperhydration in resting horses. To determine whether administration of glycerol-containing solutions induces a state of transient hyperhydration in resting euhydrated horses, changes in plasma and urine constituents were measured in four horses for 1 h before and 5 h after nasogastric administration of each of four treatments (Experiment 1). Treatments were applied in a randomized fashion and included: (1) 1.0 g.kg(-)(1)glycerol in 8 L of water (G); (2) 8 L of water (W); (3) 8 L of 0.9% NaCl solution (S); and (4) 1.0 g.kg(-)(1)glycerol in 8 L of 0.9% NaCl solution (GS). In a subsequent study, voluntary water intake was measu...
Field studies on equine influenza vaccination regimes in thoroughbred foals and yearlings. The purpose of these studies was to examine the response of Thoroughbred foals and yearlings to different influenza vaccines and vaccination regimes. The horses' antibody levels against haemagglutinin, an established correlate of protection were measured by haemagglutination inhibition. The first study investigated the extent to which maternal antibodies interfered with the humoral response to a subunit vaccine. The findings suggest that repeat vaccination in the face of maternal antibodies may induce tolerance as defined by serological testing. The second study compared the immune response el...
Faecal excretion profile of moxidectin and ivermectin after oral administration in horses. A study was undertaken to evaluate and compare faecal excretion of moxidectin and ivermectin in horses after oral administration of commercially available preparations. Ten clinically healthy adult horses, weighing 390-446 kg body weight (b.w.), were allocated to two experimental groups. Group I was treated with an oral gel formulation of moxidectin at the manufacturer's recommended therapeutic dose of 0.4 mg/kg b.w. Group II was treated with an oral paste formulation of ivermectin at the recommended dose of 0.2 mg/kg b.w. Faecal samples were collected at different times between 1 and 75 days ...
Non-invasive assessment of equine bone: an update. This paper summarizes traditional and current methods of non-invasive assessment of bone in the horse. The description and potential clinical utility of two non-invasive technologies with major development in the last decade are presented, namely, (1) serum biochemical markers for bone turnover and (2) quantitative ultrasound. Serum biochemical markers of bone formation valid in horses are osteocalcin, carboxy-terminal peptide of type I procollagen and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase. The cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen c-telopeptides of type I collagen and tota...
Hendra (equine morbillivirus). Hendra has been recognized in Australia as a new zoonotic disease of horses since 1994/5 and subsequent work has shown that the viral agent is endemic in certain species of fruit bat. The Hendra virus is the type species of a new genus within the sub-family Paramyxovirinae, which also contains another newly identified zoonotic bat virus, namely Nipah. It is assumed that contact with bats has led to the Hendra virus being transferred to horses on each of the three separate incidents that have been reported in the last five years. No evidence has been found for widespread subclinical infection o...
Studies on the experimental induction of ptosis in horses. The precise appearance of ptosis due to lesions at different sites was investigated in experimental ponies. The angles of the eyelashes to the head was used as an objective measurement of ptosis after local anaesthesia of the sympathetic trunk or the palpebral nerve and the administration of an ocular alpha agonist or antagonist. It was shown that ptosis is not an inevitable consequence of palpebral nerve pathology, that ocular alpha antagonists can induce ptosis, and that alpha agonist eyedrops have an inconsistent effect on the equine pupil, but are consistent at reversing ptosis induced by ...
Body centre of mass movement in the sound horse. The body centre of mass (BCM) is a key factor in the analysis of equine locomotion, as its position and movement determines the distribution and magnitude of loads on the limbs. In this study, the three-dimensional (3D) movement of the BCM in walking and trotting horses was assessed using a kinematic, segmental method. Thirty markers representing 20 body segments were recorded in 12 sound horses while standing, walking and trotting on a treadmill using a high-speed video system. Based on segmental inertial data, 3D positions of the segmental centres of mass as well as the total BCM were calcul...
Climate change: effects on culicoides–transmitted viruses and implications for the UK. Changes in the distribution and abundance of insects are likely to be amongst the most important and immediate effects of climate change. We review here the risk that climate change poses to the UK's livestock industry via effects on Culicoides biting midges, the vectors of several arboviruses, including those that cause bluetongue (BT) and African horse sickness (AHS). The major old-world vector of BT and AHS viruses, C. imicola, occurs in southern Europe and will spread further north as global temperatures increase. It is unlikely, however, that in the foreseeable future it will reach and be...
Individual speed dependency of forelimb lameness in trotting horses. Using a system for motion analysis, linear correlation of speed and forelimb lameness was measured in 16 horses trotting on a treadmill at a minimum of three different trotting speeds. Forelimb lameness was determined as asymmetry of vertical head motion during left and right forelimb stance. In seven horses with a moderate forelimb lameness (head motion asymmetry >40%), lameness increased significantly with trotting speed. In a further seven horses with mild or subclinical forelimb lameness (head motion asymmetry <40%) and in two horses with a moderate forelimb lameness, no significant ...
The effects of bovine recombinant growth hormone administration on insulin-like growth factor-I and the haemopoietic system in thoroughbred geldings. The effect of intramuscularly administered recombinant bovine growth hormone (rbGH) on insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and white and red blood cell indices was studied in Thoroughbred geldings. An insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-blocked radioimmunoassay was modified and validated for the measurement of IGF-I in equine blood plasma. Baseline values of IGF-I and blood indices were determined over a 48 h period and then a single dose of 5 microg/kg, 10 microg/kg or 50 microg/kg of rbGH was administered. Insulin-like growth factor-I levels increased in a dose-dependent mann...
Blood lactate responses to submaximal field exercise tests in thoroughbred horses. The associations between velocity during a standardized, submaximal 800-m exercise test and blood lactate concentration after exercise were investigated in Thoroughbred racehorses on sand and grass racetracks. Predicted lactate concentrations for each horse's exercise test velocity were calculated from the line of best fit derived from results at each racetrack. The repeatability of the differences between the measured and predicted blood lactate response to exercise was also investigated. Exercise tests were conducted at speeds ranging from 12.8 to 16.6 m/s. The variability of velocity within...
Comparison of some responses to exercise on the track and the treadmill in French trotters: determination of the optimal treadmill incline. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal treadmill slope for trotters to produce the same heart rate and blood lactate responses as on the track during a standardized exercise test. Nine 2-year-old French trotters performed exercise tests on a training track and on a treadmill set at an incline of 0, 2 or 4%. For all horses, track testing was performed on day 1 and then on the treadmill according to a Latin-square design. The track test utilized three steps each of 3 min at speeds of 470, 530, 590 m/min and the same speeds were used on the treadmill. Derived physiological variabl...
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of hypericin for photodynamic therapy of equine sarcoids. The therapeutic potential of the photodynamic compound, hypericin, in the treatment of equine sarcoids was evaluated. The in vitro cytotoxicity was assessed using three equine cell lines and the observed phototoxic effect was comparable to that on different highly sensitive human cell lines and significantly influenced by the energy density used although independent of the cell type. The in vivo antitumoural action of photodynamic therapy using hypericin was evaluated on three equine sarcoids in a donkey. Four intratumoural injections were given and the tumours were illuminated daily during 25...
Anatomic, radiographic and physiologic comparisons of the internal carotid and maxillary artery in the horse. The anatomy of the internal carotid and maxillary arteries was examined using angiography, subtraction angiography and arterial cast preparations in three horses. Subtraction angiography was superior to angiography in demonstrating the anatomy of the occipital, external ophthalmic, ethmoidal and palatine arteries. In three horses manipulation of the internal carotid and occipital arteries during angiography resulted in vasospasm which prevented filling of these vessels with contrast. Direct arterial blood pressure measurements of the maxillary artery impinging on the guttural pouches was measu...
Use of a three-blood-sample plasma clearance technique to measure GFR in horses. Measurement of renal function in horses poses a particular challenge because plasma creatinine is influenced by muscle mass which is highly developed and variable between individuals, while conventional clearance methods involve potentially daunting problems, particularly urine collection and bladder washout. This paper provides data which enable technetium-diethyleneaminopentacetic acid (Tc-DTPA) clearance to be used to calculate glomerular filtration rate (GFR)/extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) as an expression of GFR in horses, as previously validated in humans, dogs and calves. Apart from ...
Validity of saddle pressure measurements using force-sensing array technology–preliminary studies. Back pain is a common and poorly understood clinical problem. An important factor in this regard is the induction or exacerbation of back pain from badly designed or poorly fitting saddles. This study used a pressure-sensing mat to investigate saddle fit. The aims of the study were to confirm the accuracy and reliability of the force-sensing array technology when used to measure pressure beneath the saddles of horses, and to collect some initial data from normal healthy horses with well-fitting saddles. Experiments were undertaken to establish that a linear relationship existed between the tot...
Near infrared spectroscopy in large animals: optical pathlength and influence of hair covering and epidermal pigmentation. The effects of epidermal pigmentation and hair covering on the relative transparency of various animal tissues to near infrared (NIR) light were examined, and the pathlengths of NIR light through tissues at four wavelengths in the NIR range were subsequently determined. Black hair covering and black or dark-coloured hooves prevented NIR light from penetration sufficient for conduction of pathlength or NIR spectroscopy measurements. Non-pigmented hair covering of the head did not appear to be a barrier to successful NIR light transmission. Tissues sufficiently transparent to NIR light had the d...
Equine nasal and paranasal sinus tumours. Part 1: review of the literature and tumour classification. The normal gross and histological anatomy of the equine nasal and paranasal sinuses are reviewed and the relationships between the local anatomy, the occurrence of different tumour types, and of tumour spread are examined. The histological classification of the more common equine sinonasal tumours and tumour-like lesions are discussed. Clinical and pathological descriptions of 50 more recently recorded such tumours are separately tabulated. The literature shows that equine sinonasal tumours, both endemic and sporadic, are relatively uncommon in horses, with non-neoplastic growths such as maxil...
Equine nasal and paranasal sinus tumours: part 2: a contribution of 28 case reports. The clinical and pathological findings of 28 cases (27 horses, 1 donkey) of equid sinonasal tumours examined at the Edinburgh Veterinary School are presented and include: seven cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); five adenocarcinomas; three undifferentiated carcinomas; two adenomas; five fibro-osseous and bone tumours; and single cases of ameloblastoma, fibroma, fibrosarcoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, melanoma and lymphosarcoma. The median ages of animals affected with epithelial, and fibro-osseous/bone tumours were 14 and 4 years, respectively. Unilateral purulent or mucopurulent nasal di...
Field exercise testing for assessing fitness in French standardbred trotters. This review considers standardized exercise testing which is, routinely used for French Trotters in the field. Track testing provides a more limited range of measurements than treadmill testing, but has the advantage of being performed in the horse's natural environment. Various measurements such as heart rate during exercise and blood lactate concentration after exercise may be measured on the track and lead to the calculation of physiological variables such as V200 (velocity corresponding to a 200 bpm heart rate) and V4 (velocity corresponding to a 4 mmol/L blood lactate concentration). V4 i...
Determinants of the maximal change in pleural pressure during tidal breathing in COPD-affected horses. In six COPD-affected horses, we analysed the factors responsible for the changes in pleural pressure (delta Pplmax) that occur during tidal breathing. Four-hundred-and-sixty-eight measurements of each parameter: pulmonary resistance (RL), dynamic elastance (Edyn), air flow rates, and the timing of breathing, were gathered during a trial of the bronchodilator pirbuterol. Data were placed into seven ranks, based on the magnitude of delta Pplmax; rank 1: 5-15; rank 2: 15-25; rank 3: 25-35; rank 4: 35-45; rank 5: 45-55; rank 6: 55-65; and rank 7 > 65 cm H2O. Up to rank 4 (45 cm H2O), the increa...
