Topic:Biosecurity
Biosecurity in horses involves a set of management practices aimed at preventing the introduction and spread of infectious diseases within equine populations. These practices encompass measures such as quarantine protocols, vaccination schedules, sanitation procedures, and the control of animal and human movement on equine facilities. Biosecurity strategies are designed to minimize the risk of disease transmission through direct contact, fomites, vectors, and environmental exposure. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the implementation, effectiveness, and challenges of biosecurity measures in equine management.
[Fundamentals of hygiene to be used for stallions in an instrumental artificial insemination]. Equine artificial insemination (AI) meanwhile has been widely established in the warm blood horse industry. Because of its importance consistent hygienic aspects and their significance for the use of stallions as semen donors in AI-programs are presented and clarified. Incidence as well as importance of equine venereal infectious diseases are considered. Data of physiological bacterial genital flora and treatment principles of therapeutic control of venereal infectious bacterial agents as well as a model of control of Equine Viral Arteritis are given. A prophylactic hygiene program for donor s...
[Marking of horses]. The author informs on up to date identification methods of horses. The implantation of passive transponders is a practicable method for marking of horses. Because it gives less pain to horses, this method is to prefer. Stress inflicted on horse is minimal, it compares to a intramuscular injection. The reliability of the system in use has so far been very high. Members of ISO have voted overwhelmingly in favor of a standard for electronic identification of animals. From now on, countries and user organizations can make use of this technique to identify animals and if used can rely on the fact t...
Outbreak of Salmonella infantis infection in a large animal veterinary teaching hospital. During the past 11 years, there have been numerous reports of outbreaks of salmonellosis involving horses in veterinary teaching hospitals. Some of these outbreaks have been associated with Salmonella serotypes not commonly associated with infection of horses. Salmonella infantis is among the more common Salmonella serotypes isolated from human beings, and is an important pathogen in the broiler chicken industry. However, it was not commonly isolated from horses or cattle on a national basis between 1993 and 1995. In this report, we describe an outbreak of S infantis infection among large anim...
Swabbing protocols in screening for contagious equine metritis. Outbreaks of contagious equine metritis in Britain during 1996 emphasised the importance of preventing the disease through full and widespread implementation of the Horserace Betting Levy Board's code of practice. The provision of satisfactory samples for testing represents an integral part of applying the code. Here, in an article commissioned by the British Equine Veterinary Association, Dr Elaine Watson describes the techniques involved.
Naturally occurring persistent and asymptomatic infection of the guttural pouches of horses with Streptococcus equi. During an outbreak of strangles on a farm with approximately 1500 horses, the spread of Streptococcus equi infection was monitored by repeated nasopharyngeal swabbing and culture. In order to control the infection and prevent new introductions of strangles on to the premises, a system of quarantine and swabbing of cases and all incoming animals was instituted. Long-term carriage of the organism was detected in four clinically healthy convalescent animals, and in two of 350 new ponies; it persisted for between seven and 39 months, but it was detected only intermittently by the culture of swabs ...
Control of an outbreak of salmonellosis caused by drug-resistant Salmonella anatum in horses at a veterinary hospital and measures to prevent future infections. Salmonella anatum was isolated from horses treated at a private veterinary clinic or at a university veterinary medical teaching hospital. All isolates were resistant to most commonly used antibiotics. Because of the severity of disease resulting from outbreaks of infections with drug-resistant strains of S anatum, an epidemiologic investigation was conducted. Enteric bacteria, including S anatum, that were resistant to most antibiotics were isolated from the private veterinary clinic environment. Salmonella anatum was not isolated from the university teaching hospital environment. To prevent ...
Disinfecting equine facilities. Disinfection of equine premises provides a challenge to farm managers, in view of the variety of surfaces which may be contaminated and the wide variety of horse pathogens. Of the commonly occurring infectious diseases for which disinfection and disease control are especially important, rotavirus diarrhoea, salmonellosis and strangles are the most difficult to control. Phenolic disinfectants have been scientifically demonstrated to be effective in the presence of organic matter and are also virucidal. When used after thorough cleaning and rinsing of stall surfaces, phenolics have proved effect...
Rotaviral diarrhea. Rotavirus poses a challenge each foaling season to farm managers and veterinarians in intensive horse breeding areas throughout the world. By understanding the epidemiology of the disease as well as characteristics of the virus, veterinarians can make sound recommendations on prevention and control of outbreaks. Even when effective prophylactic products are developed, farm management practices, including quarantine, disinfection, and hygiene, will always need to be in force to prevent any contagious disease outbreak.
Common horse sense. This research article corrects a common misconception about the energy metabolism in horses during short sprinting and long-distance running events, emphasizing that short sprints are primarily powered by anaerobic activity, […]
Hazards in confinement housing–gases and dusts in confined animal houses for swine, poultry, horses and humans. Indoor atmospheres in swine or poultry confinement buildings, horse stalls or human dwellings contain gases, dusts and endotoxin in concentrations significantly in excess of those in outdoor environments. Although concentrations of such constituents differ appreciably between species, many of such differences may be related to differences in indoor mass loading and ventilation, or to the homogeneity of such ventilation. The high protein content of these indoor dust particles suggest they are of animal origin. Their ability to form bacterial colonies and to form or bind endotoxin suggest that t...
Salmonella shed by horses with colic. Salmonella was isolated from 13 of 100 colicky horses admitted to a referral hospital. Seven horses were shedding the microorganism at or soon after hospital admission. A unique serotype was introduced into the hospital by a horse not shedding Salmonella at admission. It was concluded that 8 horses were infected before admission. Whether the remaining 5 horses were infected before or after admission could not be determined. Salmonella senftenberg was the most commonly isolated serotype from colicky horses and from horses with salmonellosis that were not colicky on hospital admission during the...
Ventilation and environment in relation to equine respiratory disease. The physiological requirements of the horse appear to be reasonably well established and should be adequately provided by ventilation based on straightforward principles, relying largely on natural air flow. On the other hand, there are few objective values for ventilation required to promote good health or alleviate equine respiratory disease. In the absence of such knowledge it is only possible to rely on a logical application of sound principles and experience. Both indicate the satisfactory nature of ventilation by stack effect, aspiration and perflation. Buildings should be well insulated...
Grassland management for horses. The pasture needs for horses as compared to those for farm livestock are reviewed. The differing preferences of various types of grasses and other plants, and the patterns of grazing seen on"horse-sick" pastures, are discussed. Suggestions for practical management include frequent collection and removal of droppings, the use of grazing by cattle, adequate rest from horses and the application of cattle manure. Methods for controlling weeds and renovating horse-sick paddocks are discussed and compared to ploughing up. Finally, the place of fertilisers is considered for use on pastures for horses...