Omneity® Pellets
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Topic:Equine Health
Equine health encompasses the study and management of diseases, disorders, and overall well-being of horses. It involves understanding various physiological systems, preventive care, and treatment strategies to maintain optimal health in equine populations. Common areas of focus include nutrition, infectious diseases, orthopedic conditions, and reproductive health. Research in equine health aims to advance knowledge on diagnostic methods, therapeutic interventions, and management practices that improve horse welfare and performance. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse aspects of equine health, offering insights into current findings and advancements in the field.
Small-colon rupture attributable to granulosa cell tumor in a mare. A large granulosa cell tumor was believed to be responsible for causing obstruction and subsequent rupture of the small colon in a 10-year-old Quarter Horse mare. Two months earlier, a mass, tentatively diagnosed as granulosa cell tumor of the left ovary, had been identified by means of rectal palpation and ultrasonography. The mare was evaluated for clinical signs of acute, severe, abdominal pain, increased heart rate, cyanotic mucous membranes, clinical dehydration, with high PCV, leukopenia, and extreme abdominal distension. A large soft tissue mass and taut band that constricted the lumen ...
Myoelectric activity of the cecum and right ventral colon in female ponies. The myoelectric activity of the cecum and right ventral colon (RVC) was studied in 4 female ponies. Eight, bipolar Ag-AgCl electrodes were sequentially placed on the seromuscular layer of the cecum (6 electrodes) and RVC (2 electrodes), and recordings were begun 14 days after surgery. The myoelectric activity for each pony was recorded during 12, 60-minute recording sessions done during the interdigestive period (3 to 7 hours after the morning feeding). Coordinated series of spike bursts were recognized as independent motility patterns in the cecum and in the RVC. Local haustra-haustra myoelec...
Blood chemistry and skeletal muscle metabolic responses during and after different speeds and durations of trotting. Eight standardbred horses trotted on a treadmill for 55 mins at a sub-maximal speed of 5m/sec and subsequently performed an exercise test consisting of 2 min intervals at increasing speed. Heart (HR) and respiratory (Rf) rates and venous blood samples were obtained before, during and for 5 mins after exercise. Gluteus medius muscle biopsies and rectal temperatures were taken before and after exercise. The mean HR was 132/min and the mean Rf was 156/min during the 5m/sec trotting. With 5m/sec exercise, plasma free fatty acids (FFA), glucose, creatinine and cortisol concentrations increased mark...
Mechanism of exercise-induced hypoxemia in horses. Arterial hypoxemia has been reported in horses during heavy exercise, but its mechanism has not been determined. With the use of the multiple inert gas elimination technique, we studied five horses, each on two separate occasions, to determine the physiological basis of the hypoxemia that developed during horizontal treadmill exercise at speeds of 4, 10, 12, and 13-14 m/s. Mean, blood temperature-corrected, arterial PO2 fell from 89.4 Torr at rest to 80.7 and 72.1 Torr at 12 and 13-14 m/s, respectively, whereas corresponding PaCO2 values were 40.3, 40.3, and 39.2 Torr. Alveolar-arterial PO2 di...
Surface antigens on equine sarcoid cells and normal dermal fibroblasts as assessed by xenogeneic antisera. To characterise the expression of surface antigens on equine sarcoid cells compared to normal equine fibroblasts, immune sera were produced in rabbits against transformed cells of a virus-containing sarcoid cell line (Mc-1) and normal dermal fibroblasts, respectively. The specificities of the sera were analysed by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against 51Cr-labelled target cells using human lymphocytes as effector cells. Anti-Mc-1 antiserum induced strong cytotoxicity against transformed cells of two sarcoid cell lines (Mc-1 and Bay Mc-1), whereas the cytotoxicity against transformed...
Serum amyloid A protein (SAA) in horses: objective measurement of the acute phase response. A sensitive and precise immunoassay for equine serum amyloid A protein (SAA) was established and used to determine, for the first time, the circulating concentration of this protein in health and disease. As in other species, equine SAA was present only at trace levels in healthy animals but behaved as an extremely sensitive and rapidly responding acute phase reactant following most forms of tissue injury, infection and inflammation, objectively reflecting the extent and activity of disease. Measurements of SAA should make a significant contribution to diagnosis and management of viral and bac...
Equine zygomycosis caused by Conidiobolus lamprauges. A 15-year-old Arabian mare from southern Louisiana with a 2-month history of periodic epistaxis and severe weight loss had a large, fibrosing, granulomatous mass containing numerous nodules ("kunkers") projecting dorsally into the nasopharynx, and was euthanized at the owner's request. In addition to these kunkers, the mass contained a single trematode tentatively identified as Fasciola hepatica. Several kunkers were removed, washed thoroughly in sterile water and embedded in nutrient agars; the fungus that grew out of them was identified as Conidiobolus lamprauges Drechsler (Entomophthorales:...
Evaluation of total plasma bile acid concentrations for the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease in horses. Plasma bile acid concentrations were measured in normal horses. There was no diurnal variation in values, and age and sex had no effect. There was no significant difference between serum and plasma bile acid concentrations in clinically normal horses. Plasma bile acids were stable on storage for one month at -20 degrees C. The total plasma bile acid concentrations together with total and direct bilirubin concentrations and plasma activities of aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate and iditol dehydrogenase were evaluated in horses with various types of hepatobiliary disease (hepatic necrosis, l...
Androgen and oestrogen response to a single injection of hCG in cryptorchid horses. Androgen (testosterone and androstenedione) and oestrogen (oestradiol -17 beta and oestrone) concentrations were measured by radio-immunoassay in the peripheral plasma of two geldings (five-years-old), three bilateral cryptorchids (two, two and a half, and five-years-old) and three normal intact stallions (four, five and five and a half-years-old) before and after a single injection of 10,000 iu human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). In the stallions, hCG administration resulted in an immediate sharp increase of conjugated oestrogens and a more gradual increase of unconjugated androgens. In the ...
Osteochondral fragments within the dorsal pouch or dorsal joint capsule of the proximal intertarsal joint of the horse. The anatomy of the dorsal pouch of the proximal intertarsal joint (PIJ) and its communication with the tarsocrural joint (TCJ) was studied in 15 pairs of hocks from young and mature horses. The mediolateral length of the TCJ-PIJ fenestration was 14 to 29 mm. The potential volume of the dorsal pouch of the PIJ was 3 to 5 ml, and a recess extended 10 to 28 mm medial to the medial commissure of the TCJ-PIJ fenestration. In a correlated clinical study, osteochondral fragments were identified radiographically within the dorsal pouch (category 1) or dorsal joint capsule (category 2) of the PIJ in 17...
Thyroid hormone periodicity in healthy adult geldings. Serum samples were collected from 10 healthy geldings every 4 h for three consecutive days and the triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations determined by radioimmunoassay. There were significant differences in the hormone concentrations related to time. The mean (+/- sd) T3 concentration peaked around 08.00 h at a level (54.06 +/- 14.02 ng/dl) significantly (P less than .001) higher than the lowest concentration (38.71 +/- 10.81 ng/dl) around midnight. Although the highest mean T3 level was 08.00 h, this value was not significantly different from the noon and 16.00 h levels. Lik...
Capillary tortuosity in skeletal muscles of mammals depends on muscle contraction. Capillary orientation (anisotropy) was compared in hindlimb muscles of mammals of different size and/or different aerobic capacity (dog, goat, pony, and calf). All muscles were fixed by vascular perfusion at sarcomere lengths ranging from 1.5 to 2.7 micron. The ratios of capillary counts per fiber cross-sectional area on two sets of sections (0 and 90 degrees) to the muscle fiber axis were used to estimate capillary anisotropy and the coefficient c(K,0) relating 1) capillary counts on transverse sections (a commonly used parameter to assess muscle capillarity) and 2) capillary length per volum...
[Ruminal 15N-straw degradation in sacco and the in vivo digestibility of 15N from straw in the sheep and pony]. The nylon-bag method was applied for determination of the rumen degradation of dry matter and nitrogen of 15N-labelled wheat straw. For the experiment 4 wethers fitted with a rumen cannula were used. The bags containing 15N straw were introduced into the rumen and withdrawn 3, 6 or 12 h after incubation. In a second experiment the apparent 15N-digestibility of the same straw was determined in wether and pony. The dry matter disappearance varied between 6 and 23%. For 15N-labelled straw the disappearance of 15N was higher than that of total N. 12 h after incubation 71% of 15N and only 25% of to...
Relationship of intratesticular testosterone content of stallions to age, spermatogenesis, Sertoli cell distribution and germ cell-Sertoli cell ratios. Testes were obtained from 47 1-20-year-old stallions during the natural breeding season. Total testicular testosterone and testosterone/g testis increased with age (P less than 0.005), and total testicular testosterone was associated with larger testis size (P less than 0.05). Neither testosterone per gram nor per paired testes were related to total Sertoli cell number (P greater than 0.05), but greater testosterone per paired testes was associated with fewer Sertoli cells per unit of seminiferous tubule length (P less than 0.005) or basement membrane area (P less than 0.02) and with a higher ...
Immunoglobulin lambda-light-chain-derived amyloidosis (A lambda) in two horses. Tumorous amyloid deposits in the nasal mucosa of two horses differed from generalized AA-amyloidosis with respect to clinical features, organ distribution, and resistance to KMnO4 treatment. Using a panel of antibodies directed against different human amyloid fibril proteins and employing the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique, we showed the described equine amyloid to be A lambda-type, as demonstrated by immunohistochemical cross-reactivity. Consequently, we identified a second amyloid class in horses and showed that immunoglobulin light-chain-derived amyloid may also be present in an...
Purification of chicken liver ferritin by two novel methods and structural comparison with horse spleen ferritin. Ferritin was purified from chicken liver by two different methods: gel filtration on controlled-pore glass beads, and immunoaffinity chromatography employing a chicken ferritin-specific monoclonal antibody that did not cross-react with horse spleen ferritin. This antibody recognizes intact ferritin and an oligomeric 240 kDa form of the molecule after protein transfer to nitrocellulose, but not the 22 kDa chicken ferritin subunit. Chicken liver ferritin purified by these methods exhibited reduced migration on non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels compared with horse spleen ferritin. These results ...
Analysis of N-acetyl-4-O-acetylneuraminic-acid-containing N-linked carbohydrate chains released by peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase F. Application to the structure determination of the carbohydrate chains of equine fibrinogen. The carbohydrate chains of equine fibrinogen were enzymatically released by peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase F. The oligosaccharides obtained were fractionated by a combination of FPLC and HPLC and analyzed by 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Four monosialo and four disialo diantennary N-acetyllactosamine type of carbohydrate chains occur: (formula; see text)
Vasopressin in dehydrated and rehydrated ponies. Six pony mares deprived of water for 24 hours showed significant increases in plasma vasopressin (2.8 pg/ml) and osmolality (9 mosmol/kg). When water was made available the ponies drank rapidly (5 of 6 drank to satiety within 90 seconds) and corrected their fluid deficits precisely. Vasopressin did not return to predehydration levels until osmolality did after 15 minutes of access to water. The horse differs from rodents and humans, but is similar to pigs in that vasopressin levels do not fall before osmolality returns to normal. Oropharyngeal factors, therefore, may not be as important in vas...
Determination of methandrostenolone and its metabolites in equine plasma and urine by coupled-column liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and confirmation by tandem mass spectrometry. Monitoring steroid use requires an understanding of the metabolism in the species in question and development of sensitive methods for screening of the steroid or its metabolites in urine. Qualitative information for confirmation of methandrostenolone and identification of its metabolites was primarily obtained by coupled-column high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The steroids and a sulphuric acid conjugate were isolated and identified by their daughter ion mass spectra in the urine of both man and the horse following administration of methandrostenolone. Spontaneo...
