Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Horse Management
Horse management encompasses the practices and techniques used to care for and maintain horses in various settings, including stables, pastures, and performance environments. This area of study covers a range of activities such as feeding, grooming, housing, exercise, and health monitoring to ensure the well-being and optimal performance of horses. Effective horse management requires an understanding of equine behavior, nutrition, and physiology, as well as the ability to implement routine care practices and respond to health issues. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the methods, strategies, and outcomes associated with different horse management practices.
Feeding and drinking behavior of mares and foals with free access to pasture and water. The feeding and drinking behavior of 11 mares and 15 foals living on pasture with free access to water was recorded during 2,340 15-min focal samples taken over 2 yr. Lactating mares on pasture spent about 70% of the day feeding. Foals began feeding on their first day of life. As they grew older, they spent progressively more time feeding, but still spent only 47 +/- 6% of the time feeding by 21 wk of age. Foals fed primarily during the early morning and evening. While grass formed the major proportion of the diet of both foals and mares, they also ate clay, humus, feces, bark, leaves and twig...
Raising the orphan foal. Orphan foals are best reared by fostering them onto a brood mare of appropriate size. If no foster mother is available, they can be reared on 2 per cent fat skimmed cow's milk fortified with dextrose at the rate of 20 gm per L. This should be slowly increased from 10 per cent of body weight at 1 day of age to 25 per cent of body weight at 10 days of age. The amount should then be held constant until weaning. Alternatively, foals can be reared on milk replacers. Manufacturers' feeding instructions rarely mimic the milk intake obtained by a foal nursing her dam, and problems have been observed i...
Community people-pet programs that work. Excellent models exist for people-pet programs in institutions and in the community. Veterinarians should assess the needs of their local communities and adapt a model program to fit these needs.
Social facilitation of feeding and time budgets in stabled ponies. Eight pairs of pony mares were observed. Members of a pair were housed in adjacent stalls and fed hay ad libitum. The behavior of both ponies was recorded simultaneously in the morning (1000 to 1200 h) and afternoon (1400 to 1600 h) for a total of 117 h. The time budget was: 70.1 +/- 8.6% eating; 17.8 +/- 7.4% standing (including stand rest, stand alert and stand nonalert); 5.2 +/- 7.0% pushing hay; 2.9 +/- 1.2% walking; 1.9 +/- 2.9% drinking; 1.3 +/- 1.1% self-grooming; .2 +/- .3% defecating; .06 +/- .1% chewing nonfood items; .06 +/- .03% urination; .06 +/- .1% licking salt; .07 +/- .1% pawi...
[Chronopharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone in the horse. Application to antidoping control]. Chronopharmacokinetics of intravenous phenylbutazone in the horse was studied with the aim of antidoping control. Among parameters studied, the single one which seemed to depend on circadian rhythm was the elapsed time between the injection and the plasmatic peak. There was no relationship between the injection time and the both parameters: half-life and time required to reach the forensic level of 4 micrograms/ml. This later, and oxyphenbutazone/phenylbutazone ratio, should depend on individual factors. Therefore, the injection time should not be a main parameter for the phenylbutazone evalua...
Effect of feeding on the fate of orally administered phenylbutazone, trimethoprim and sulphadiazine in the horse. Phenylbutazone, sulphadiazine and trimethoprim were administered to three horses on two occasions, recently fed and unfed, and the effect of feeding on the pharmacokinetics of the three drugs assessed. The mean peak concentrations of phenylbutazone and trimethoprim were reduced by feeding by 34 and 75 per cent, respectively. The pharmacokinetics of sulphadiazine were not significantly affected.
An investigation of the effect of hesperidin complex and lemon bioflavonoid complex on growth and development of thoroughbred horses. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Hesperidin Complex and Lemon Bioflavonoid Complex (HC/LBC) on the growth and development of thoroughbred horses. The trial involved twenty-four foals (12 colts, 12 fillies) allotted to treatment shortly after weaning. The study was conducted for a 342-d growing phase and a 153-d training phase, or a total of 495-d. The HC/LBC was included in the test diet at a level calculated to supply the compound at 55 mg X kg body weight-1 X d-1. During the growing phase, average daily gain of colts that received HC/LBC was higher (P less than .05)...
Standardised terminology for the description and analysis of equine locomotion. Terminology for the analysis of equine locomotion is reviewed and the most appropriate terms selected for use by research workers in this field. Each cycle of limb movement comprises a stance phase, when the hoof is in contact with the ground, alternating with a swing phase. The stance phase is subdivided at the mid-stance position into an initial decelerative phase followed by a propulsive phase. When the stance phases of different limbs occur concurrently, the term overlap refers to the duration of simultaneous ground contact. Single support is the term used to describe the phase when the li...
Diamine oxidase from horse kidney: ionic strength dependence of stability and activity. Diamine oxidase was prepared from horse kidney by a procedure involving heat denaturation at 50 degrees C, ammonium sulfate fractionation, chromatography on hydroxyapatite and on G-200 Sephadex columns. This procedure gave about 1000 fold purification over the crude kidney cortex homogenate. The enzyme preparations thus obtained are stable only at high ionic strength. The effect on enzyme activity of salt concentration and various stabilizing agents have been investigated. The horse kidney diamine oxidase is irreversibly inhibited by carbonyl reagents and shows substrate specificity quite simi...
Effects of furosemide on the plasma and urinary concentrations and the excretion of fentanyl: model for the study of drug interaction in the horse. The effects of furosemide (0.55 mg/kg IV) on the plasma and urinary fentanyl (PFE UFE) concentrations were studied during steady-state conditions. The PFE during the steady-state period was 0.31 +/- 0.027 ng/ml, with no significant changes occurring, even though the rate of excretion of fentanyl (EX) increased during the 1st hour from 112.0 +/- 21.6 to 534.5 +/- 82.9 ng/minute. The EX returned to control levels within 3 hours, as did the UFE. The injection of furosemide increased glomerular filtration rate from 1.97 +/- 0.21 to 3.81 +/- 0.75 ml/kg/min. The fractional reabsorption decreased fro...
Reproduction in feral horses: an eight-year study. The reproductive rate and foal survival of the free-ranging ponies on Assateague Island National Seashore were studied for 8 years, 1975 to 1982. Most (52%) of the 86 foals were born in May, 13% were born in April, 22.6% in June, 10.4% in July, and less than 1% in August and September. The mean foaling rate was 57.1 +/- 3.9% and the survival rate was 88.3 +/- 3.6%. Forty-eight colts and 55 fillies were born (sex ratio 53% female). Mares less than 3 years old did not foal and the foaling rate of 3-year-old mares was only 23%, that of 4-year-old mares was 46%, that of 5-year-old mares was 53%, a...
Production of cutaneous analgesia by electroacupuncture in horses: variations dependent on sex of subject and locus of stimulation. Cutaneous pain thresholds to pinprick, pinch, and heat stimuli were quantified during control and electroacupuncture trials in 23 horses. Pain thresholds for 8 areas of the body during control trials (no needles) were statistically compared with pain thresholds measured in the same areas of the same horse when given electroacupuncture treatment. Statistically significant increases of pain threshold were interpreted as induced analgesia and occurred mainly in 5 areas of the trunk, but not in the head or extremities. Analgesic efficacy varied between sexes and among 3 groups of points chosen fro...
The toxicity of Datura stramonium (thorn apple) to horses. Meal contaminated by Datura stramonium seeds at the rate of 0.5% by weight was fed to two horses. Both horses showed clinical signs of depression, anorexia, weight loss, rapid heart and respiration rates, mydriasis, polyuria, polydipsia and diarrhoea. Both recovered with treatment. Maize screenings contaminated by the seeds had been used in the manufacture of the meal.
Analysis of propionylpromazine and its metabolites in horse urine. The metabolism of propionylpromazine in the horse was studied. Although propionylpromazine is not currently approved or recommended for use in horses, it has been used illegally to alter their performance. Propionylpromazine hydrochloride was administered intramuscularly at clinical and subclinical doses. Three metabolites were detected in urine. The major metabolite was identified as 2-(1-hydroxypropyl) promazine sulfoxide. The detection of this metabolite in routine drug testing has been described.
[A fixed dressing with a rubber sole for horses and cattle]. A synthetic fixed dressing for great animals is described, which is worked up in such a manner that it is possible to fix on its soles a non-abrasive rubber plate.
Survey of positive results from racecourse antidoping samples received at Racecourse Security Services’ Laboratories. A review of positive Jockey Club "dope tests" during the 12 years from 1970 to 1981 inclusive is presented and a comparison made with certain overseas racing authorities for varying periods between 1975 and 1981. Urinary pH of post race urine samples is predominantly acidic (although varying in a significant manner throughout the year) and thus favours excretion of the generally more potent basic drugs. The proportion of positive results was about the same in winners and non-winners, ie, one in 400 horses sampled. Drugs found fell mainly into four categories: methylxanthines; non-steroidal ant...
