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Topic:Human-Animal Interaction

Human-animal interaction with regards to horses encompasses the various ways in which humans and horses engage and communicate with each other. This field of study examines the behavioral, psychological, and physiological responses that occur during these interactions. Researchers investigate aspects such as the impact of human presence on horse behavior, the effects of different training methods, and the mutual benefits of human-horse relationships. Studies often focus on how these interactions influence equine welfare, training outcomes, and human psychological well-being. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the dynamics, outcomes, and implications of human-animal interactions involving horses.
How horses (Equus caballus) see the world: humans as significant “objects”.
Animal cognition    April 21, 2009   Volume 12, Issue 4 643-654 doi: 10.1007/s10071-009-0223-2
Fureix C, Jego P, Sankey C, Hausberger M.This study aimed to determine whether horses have a kind of memory of humans (based on previous interactions), leading to a general significance of humans revealed by their reactions to humans in subsequent interactions. Subjects were 59 adult horses used to interact daily with humans. Three types of behavioural tests involving an unknown experimenter evaluated three possibly different memorized types of human-animal interactions (not work-related, using work-related objects, unfamiliar working task). We also performed standardized observations of routine interactions between each horse and it...
The horse-human dyad: can we align horse training and handling activities with the equid social ethogram?
Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)    April 17, 2009   Volume 181, Issue 1 12-18 doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.03.005
McGreevy PD, Oddie C, Burton FL, McLean AN.This article examines the recently completed equid ethogram and shows how analogues of social interactions between horses may occur in various human-horse interactions. It discusses how some specific horse-horse interactions have a corresponding horse-human interaction - some of which may be directly beneficial for the horse while others may be unusual or even abnormal. It also shows how correspondent behaviours sometimes become inappropriate because of their duration, consistency or context. One analogue is unlikely to hold true for all horse-human contexts, so when applying any model from ho...
The effect of hippotherapy on functional outcomes for children with disabilities: a pilot study.
Pediatric physical therapy : the official publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association    February 14, 2009   Volume 21, Issue 1 137-138 doi: 10.1097/PEP.0b013e318197a60d
Cunningham B.No abstract available
Equine-facilitated psychotherapy with adult female survivors of abuse.
Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services    January 13, 2009   Volume 46, Issue 12 36-42 doi: 10.3928/02793695-20081201-08
Meinersmann KM, Bradberry J, Roberts FB.This qualitative study examined the stories of 5 women who experienced abuse and participated in equine-facilitated psychotherapy (EFP) as part of their recovery. Anecdotal accounts support the effectiveness of EFP with women who have experienced abuse, but there is a lack of supporting research. This study was designed to examine the effectiveness of EFP in the treatment of women who have experienced abuse. Selection criteria included age, experience of abuse, participation in EFP, and ability to understand English. Data analysis identified four patterns in the participants' stories: I Can Ha...
Does horse temperament influence horse-rider cooperation?
Journal of applied animal welfare science : JAAWS    June 24, 2008   Volume 11, Issue 3 267-284 doi: 10.1080/10888700802101254
Visser EK, Van Reenen CG, Blokhuis MZ, Morgan EK, Hassmén P, Rundgren TM, Blokhuis HJ.Cooperation between rider and horse is of major importance in equitation. A balanced team of horse and rider improves (sport) performances and welfare aspects by decreasing stress, frustration, risks of injuries, and accidents. Important features affecting the cooperation are the physical skills, knowledge, and personality of the rider on one hand and the temperament, experience, and physical abilities of the horse on the other. A study with 16 riders and 16 warm-blood riding horses tested the effect of personality of riders and temperament of horses on cooperation between riders and horses. M...
The occurrence and antibiotic resistance of motile Aeromonas in livestock.
Tropical animal health and production    May 15, 2008   Volume 41, Issue 2 199-204 doi: 10.1007/s11250-008-9175-9
Ceylan E, Berktas M, Ağaoğlu Z.The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence of motile Aeromonas spp. in the faeces of clinically healthy sheep, cattle and horses and evaluate their susceptibility to some anti-microbial agents. Rectal swabs from 120 sheep, 85 cattle and 20 horses were examined for Aeromonas species using alkaline peptone water (pH 8.4) as the enrichment medium and Aeromonas Selective Agar containing 5 mg/l ampicillin as the isolation medium. Identification and antibiotic resistance of motile Aeromonas strains was performed using Gram Negative Enteric ID panel. Motile aeromonads were isolated fr...
[Dynamics of hip joint biomechanics in patients with coxarthrosis at the time of hippotherapy].
Georgian medical news    April 11, 2008   Issue 155 26-31 
Nareklishvili TM.The problems of degenerative-dystrophic abnormalities stimulate the development of new skills and methods of treatment and rehabilitation of the diseases. The goal of the study was to determine the efficacy of hippotherapy in patients with coxarthrosis, according to functional and biomechanical parameters. Hippotherapy involves the utilization of horseback riding to stimulate the patient's normal reactions and locomotion; to improve the balance and coordination of movement, normalize muscle tension, and eliminate pathological reflexes. The advantage of the hippotherapy is in the specific postu...
[Allergies in people and animals].
Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde    February 12, 2008   Volume 133, Issue 1 38-40 
Jan Tjalsma E.No abstract available
Comprehension of human pointing gestures in horses (Equus caballus).
Animal cognition    February 5, 2008   Volume 11, Issue 3 457-466 doi: 10.1007/s10071-008-0136-5
Maros K, Gácsi M, Miklósi A.Twenty domestic horses (Equus caballus) were tested for their ability to rely on different human gesticular cues in a two-way object choice task. An experimenter hid food under one of two bowls and after baiting, indicated the location of the food to the subjects by using one of four different cues. Horses could locate the hidden reward on the basis of the distal dynamic-sustained, proximal momentary and proximal dynamic-sustained pointing gestures but failed to perform above chance level when the experimenter performed a distal momentary pointing gesture. The results revealed that horses coul...
The relationship between equine and human West Nile virus disease occurrence.
Veterinary microbiology    November 29, 2007   Volume 129, Issue 3-4 378-383 doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.11.022
Ward MP, Scheurmann JA.Cases of human and equine West Nile virus (WNV) disease reported in Texas in 2002 were analyzed to assess their temporal relationship. For each human case with a known residential location, the closest equine case (within a 5 km radius) was selected. A total of 80 human-equine case pairs were identified, 51 (64%) of which were located in urban areas. Dates-of-onset of human and equine cases were positively correlated (r(SP)=0.494, P<0.001). Although overall there was no significant (P=0.207) difference between the dates-of-onset of human and equine cases, in urban areas of Texas equine case...
Detection of horse allergen around a stable.
International archives of allergy and immunology    November 15, 2007   Volume 145, Issue 4 269-276 doi: 10.1159/000110885
Elfman L, Brannstrom J, Smedje G.Integrating horse stables with built-up areas may lead to conflicts. Dispersion of horse allergen may become a health risk for allergic people. The aim was to measure the dispersion of horse allergen around a stable, considering wind speed and direction and vegetation. The disturbance of staff at a workplace nearby a stable was investigated. Methods: Air sampling was performed around a stable (32 horses) at distances of 50-500 m in all directions. Sampling was done with a pump and an IOM sampler. Samples were collected at 50 points during all seasons. Horse allergen levels were determined usin...
The effect of hippotherapy on spasticity and on mental well-being of persons with spinal cord injury.
Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation    October 3, 2007   Volume 88, Issue 10 1241-1248 doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.07.015
Lechner HE, Kakebeeke TH, Hegemann D, Baumberger M.To determine the effect of hippotherapy on spasticity and on mental well-being of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI), and to compare it with the effects of other interventions. Methods: Crossover trial with 4 conditions. Methods: Swiss paraplegic center. Methods: A volunteer sample of 12 people with spastic SCI (American Spinal Injury Association grade A or B). Methods: Hippotherapy, sitting astride a Bobath roll, and sitting on a stool with rocking seat. Each session lasted 25 minutes and was conducted twice weekly for 4 weeks; the control condition was spasticity measurement without inter...
Risk factors for strap-related lesions in working donkeys at the World Heritage Site of Petra in Jordan.
Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)    September 14, 2007   Volume 178, Issue 2 263-271 doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.07.014
Burn CC, Pritchard JC, Farajat M, Twaissi AA, Whay HR.A risk analysis was undertaken in an attempt to improve improvised rump straps on donkeys carrying tourists at the World Heritage Site at Petra, Jordan. Tail-base lesions were identified in 63 of the 86 donkeys. Observations and questionnaires were used to collect data relating to the straps, donkey health and human attitudes. The worse lesions were associated with padded rather than unpadded straps, if tightly fitted. Padding could be a cause of, or a response to lesions, but results suggest that it did not effectively aid healing. Significantly worse lesions occurred with unclean than with c...
Molecular diagnosis of certain nematode infections can save life and beauty, and preserve breeds of socially relevant and sporting animals.
Veterinary parasitology    September 11, 2007   Volume 150, Issue 1-2 1-5 doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.08.011
Traversa D.The recognition that the health and welfare of some humans are improved through contact and relationships with animals is now established. Two commonly recognized assistance animals are dogs and horses. Both provide therapeutic benefits to humans with some physical and mental illnesses and both assist people with disabilities. Moreover, the public and scientific attention to the health and conservation of many animal breeds is also increasing worldwide. In the past few years, two potentially life-threatening nematode infections that can induce tumours or tumour-like masses in canids and equids...
The judgement of Solomon and journal status.
Equine veterinary journal    August 29, 2007   Volume 39, Issue 4 290-291 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2007.tb01004.x
Rossdale PD, Mayall ES.In the preceding 2 issues, March and May, editorials were presented regarding the generality of peer review and the relationship of authors to readership. In this issue, the outcome of peer review and content of the Journal is considered as a logical end-point of endeavours of authors and editors. Science is a hard taskmaster for both of these participants; it is about what is; and not about what would be nice, desirable or, even, applicable. The content of any scientific Journal is presented in order to advance knowledge and is thereby constrained by correspondingly strict disciplines...
The horse as the healer-a study of riding in patients with back pain.
Journal of bodywork and movement therapies    August 24, 2007   Volume 13, Issue 1 43-52 doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2007.06.002
Håkanson M, Möller M, Lindström I, Mattsson B.A total of 24 patients, considerably disabled in daily activities by back pain, participated in an Equine Assisted Therapy (EAT) programme. The patients also had several health problems in addition to their current pain. The programme emphasised the principles of body awareness. The study is aimed at investigating not only whether symptom reduction would be achieved, but also at identifying qualities of EAT that were particularly beneficial for the patients' well being. The study was performed according to action research principles. The treatment reduced the pain and lessened other symptoms. ...
Are 6-month-old foals sensitive to dam’s influence?
Developmental psychobiology    June 20, 2007   Volume 49, Issue 5 514-521 doi: 10.1002/dev.20225
Henry S, Briefer S, Richard-Yris MA, Hausberger M.A recent study has shown that gently handling dams in front of their few days old foals may strongly influence the development of human-foal relationships. In the present study, we test whether 6-month-old foals remain sensitive to their dams' influence. The study was performed on 16 foal-mare dyads, with half of the mares receiving positive contacts from the experimenter in presence of their 6-month-old foals (n = 8) whereas the other mares were not handled (n = 8). All foals were tested 15 and 30-35 days later under various conditions (reaction to a motionless human, approach test, saddle-pa...
[The role of horse-therapy in improvement of children with Down syndrome].
Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960)    May 4, 2007   Volume 55 Suppl 1, Issue Pt 2 732-735 
Klimberg A.Many years of experience in horse-therapy show that this is the efficient method of rehabilitation of disabled children, also with Down syndrome. This method improves not only proficiency, but also mental sphere and social functions of children. 3 cases of children with Down syndrome in age 7-8 years rehabilitated by horse-therapy, and other methods (physical exercises, swimming, talking exercises) through 1-3 year have been described. In every case adding horse-therapy to other methods of rehabilitation gave measurable advantages both in physical sphere and also in mental and social spheres. ...
[Animal and human rights in installments].
Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde    March 21, 2007   Volume 132, Issue 4 132 
Boissevain I.No abstract available
Equine learning behaviour: accounting for ecological constraints and relationships with humans in experimental design.
Behavioural processes    March 6, 2007   Volume 76, Issue 1 45-60 doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2006.09.020
Hothersall B, Nicol C.No abstract available
Equine learning behaviour.
Behavioural processes    March 4, 2007   Volume 76, Issue 1 1-13 doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2006.06.009
Murphy J, Arkins S.Scientists and equestrians continually seek to achieve a clearer understanding of equine learning behaviour and its implications for training. Behavioural and learning processes in the horse are likely to influence not only equine athletic success but also the usefulness of the horse as a domesticated species. However given the status and commercial importance of the animal, equine learning behaviour has received only limited investigation. Indeed most experimental studies on equine cognitive function to date have addressed behaviour, learning and conceptualization processes at a moderately ba...
Influence of various early human-foal interferences on subsequent human-foal relationship.
Developmental psychobiology    November 18, 2006   Volume 48, Issue 8 712-718 doi: 10.1002/dev.20189
Henry S, Richard-Yris MA, Hausberger M.Whereas the way animals perceive human contact has been particularly examined in pet animals, a small amount of investigations has been done in domestic ungulates. It was nevertheless assumed that, as pet animals, non-aggressive forms of tactile contact were as well rewarding or positive for these species, even though the features of intraspecific relationships in pet animals and domestic ungulates may be to some extent different. We test here the hypothesis that horses may not consider physical handling by humans as a positive event. When comparing different early human-foal interactions, we ...
Is equine therapy useful in the treatment of eating disorders?
Eating disorders    July 26, 2006   Volume 11, Issue 2 143-147 doi: 10.1080/10640260390199325
Cumella EJ.No abstract available
Healing with horses: fostering recovery from cancer with horses as therapists.
Explore (New York, N.Y.)    June 20, 2006   Volume 2, Issue 3 264-268 doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2006.03.013
Haylock PJ, Cantril CA.Nearly 10 years ago, I looked at a poster exhibit for a nonprofit organization's camping experience for cancer survivors. One of the images in particular remains with me to this day. It was of an elderly man wearing a cowboy hat and the great grin on his wrinkled face as he stood next to a beautiful sorrel horse. The woman at the poster told me the story behind the picture: The man had advanced cancer and had already entered a hospice program, even though he was still physically active. He'd told many people that his biggest regret in life was that he'd never gotten to ride a horse. The photog...
On the Pleistocene extinctions of Alaskan mammoths and horses.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America    May 1, 2006   Volume 103, Issue 19 7351-7353 doi: 10.1073/pnas.0509480103
Solow AR, Roberts DL, Robbirt KM.The fossil record has been used to shed light on the late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions in North America and elsewhere. It is therefore important to account for variability due to the incompleteness of the fossil record and error in dating fossil remains. Here, a joint confidence region for the extinction times of horses and mammoths in Alaska is constructed. The results suggest that a prior claim that the extinction of horses preceded the arrival of humans cannot be made with confidence.
‘Heshimu punda’: Brooke builds respect for working donkeys, horses and mules.
The Veterinary record    March 15, 2006   Volume 158, Issue 10 316-317 doi: 10.1136/vr.158.10.316
No abstract available
Effects of a therapeutic riding program on at-risk and special education children.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association    January 24, 2006   Volume 228, Issue 1 46-52 doi: 10.2460/javma.228.1.46
Kaiser L, Smith KA, Heleski CR, Spence LJ.To determine the effects of a therapeutic riding program on psychosocial measurements among children considered at risk for poor performance or failure in school or life and among children in special education programs. Methods: Observational study. Methods: 17 at-risk children (6 boys and 11 girls) and 14 special education children (7 boys and 7 girls). Methods: For the at-risk children, anger, anxiety, perceived self-competence, and physical coordination were assessed. For the special education children, anger and cheerfulness were measured, and the children's and their mothers' perceptions ...
An exploration of German and British physiotherapists’ views on the effects of hippotherapy and their measurement.
Physiotherapy theory and practice    January 7, 2006   Volume 21, Issue 4 219-242 doi: 10.1080/09593980500321143
Debuse D, Chandler C, Gibb C.Hippotherapy (Greek hippos = horse) is a specialised physiotherapy treatment that makes use of the horses' unique three-dimensional movement impulses at a walk to facilitate movement responses in patients sitting on the horse's back (Strauss, 2000). Despite a substantial body of anecdotal and clinical evidence for its benefits, research evidence for hippotherapy is sparse. This questionnaire survey was the first study in a series of investigations exploring the views of physiotherapists and people with cerebral palsy who use hippotherapy. These investigations, in turn, form the basis from whic...
Double blind, you are the weakest link–goodbye!
Equine veterinary journal    November 22, 2005   Volume 37, Issue 6 557-558 doi: 10.2746/042516405775314916
Devereaux PJ, Bhandari M, Montori VM, Manns BJ, Ghali WA, Guyatt GH.No abstract available
Coordination dynamics of the horse-rider system.
Journal of motor behavior    November 11, 2005   Volume 37, Issue 6 418-424 doi: 10.3200/JMBR.37.6.418-424
Lagarde J, Kelso JA, Peham C, Licka T.The authors studied the interaction between rider and horse by measuring their ensemble motions in a trot sequence, comparing 1 expert and 1 novice rider. Whereas the novice's movements displayed transient departures from phase synchrony, the expert's motions were continuously phase-matched with those of the horse. The tight ensemble synchrony between the expert and the horse was accompanied by an increase in the temporal regularity of the oscillations of the trunk of the horse. Observed differences between expert and novice riders indicated that phase synchronization is by no means perfect bu...
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