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Topic:Veterinary Care
Veterinary care in horses encompasses the medical and preventive measures taken to maintain and improve the health and well-being of equine patients. It includes a wide range of practices such as routine health examinations, vaccinations, dental care, parasite control, and management of injuries and diseases. Veterinary care also involves diagnostic procedures, surgical interventions, and therapeutic treatments tailored to the specific needs of horses. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of equine veterinary care, including advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and health management strategies to support the well-being and performance of horses.
Scintigraphic evaluation of digital circulation during the developmental and acute phases of equine laminitis. Scintigraphy was used to evaluate digital circulation at 24 h intervals in 11 control horses and in nine horses affected with acute laminitis created by administration of a high-starch ration. Following intra-arterial injection of technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin into the brachiocephalic trunk, static images were acquired of the right front foot. Dynamic radionuclide angiograms and static blood pool images were also obtained after jugular vein injection of technetium-99m diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid. These procedures were performed on standing horses, using either minimal or no tr...
Mediastinal squamous cell carcinoma and thyroid carcinoma in an aged horse. A mediastinal squamous cell carcinoma and thyroid carcinoma were found in an aged horse. Clinical signs consisted of bilateral thyroid gland enlargement, chronic cough, and mild respiratory distress. The neoplasms were not treated. Squamous cell carcinoma is a common neoplasm in horses, but not in the cranial portion of the mediastinum. Thyroid carcinomas in horses are uncommon. This combination of neoplasms is rare and may have been associated with a defect in the immune system.
A comparison of inulin, para-aminohippuric acid, and endogenous creatinine clearances as measures of renal function in neonatal foals. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated in eight full-term neonatal foals by the single injection inulin plasma clearance method at two days of age, the continuous infusion plasma and urinary clearance methods at three days of age, and the 12-hour endogenous creatinine clearance method at four days of age. The effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) was estimated simultaneously by the single injection para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) plasma clearance method in the eight two-day old foals and the continuous PAH infusion plasma and urinary clearance method in the eight three-day old foals. Th...
Pleural effusion secondary to thoracic metastatic mammary adenocarcinoma in a mare. A 17-year-old Quarter Horse mare was examined nearly 3 years after excision and cryotherapy of a papillary mammary gland adenocarcinoma. The mare had been used for pleasure riding since surgery, but had recently developed progressive dyspnea. The mare had clinical evidence of pleural effusion, but died before further clinical examination and treatment were instituted. Necropsy revealed deep mammary masses with similar nodules in the deep inguinal, renal, and mediastinal lymph nodes and in the lungs, pericardium, visceral and parietal pleurae, and left ovary. The masses were identified as papil...
Treatment of equine leg wounds using skin grafts: Thirty-five cases, 1975-1988. A retrospective study was conducted on 35 equine patients with lower leg wounds that were managed utilizing skin graft procedures. Two pinch graft, five punch graft, seven tunnel graft, eight split-thickness mesh graft and thirteen full-thickness mesh expansion graft procedures were performed in the initial treatment. The average wound size was 188 cm(2). Twentyfour cases had pregrafting complications: 10 wounds developed sequestra; three wounds were grossly contaminated and infected; and 11 cases developed granulation tissue complications prior to grafting. Graft failure following the initial...
Left ventricular volume determination in the horse by two-dimensional echocardiography: an in vitro study. This study was designed to evaluate the accuracy of two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) in determining the left ventricular volume (LVV) of the horse in vitro. After examining the shape of the left ventricular silicon rubber casts of four equine hearts, two modified Simpson's rule methods (Model A and Model B) as combinations of conical shapes and one biplane area-length method as a single cone (Model C) were chosen for volume calculations. One long axis and three short axis planes were used for linear and area 2DE measurements, respectively. The ventricular length (L) was calculated from t...
Idiopathic granulomatous disease involving the skin in a horse. Clinical signs of generalized granulomatous disease in a horse included depression, generalized lymphadenopathy, scaly skin, and dependent edema. Diagnosis was confirmed histopathologically by diffuse granulomas in more than one organ system (lymph nodes and skin), and by ruling out etiologic agents. Response to treatment with corticosteroids was favorable. The clinical features and response to treatment in this horse were different from classic textbook descriptions of equine generalized granulomatous disease. Equine granulomatous disease appears to be comparable to human sarcoidosis. To avoi...
Prophylactic use of dantrolene associated with prolonged postanesthetic recumbency in a horse. Dantrolene, a drug used in the prevention and treatment of malignant hyperthermia, was believed responsible for prolonged postanesthetic recumbency in a horse. Prophylactically, dantrolene was given orally before induction of anesthesia. Dantrolene has been recommended for use in horses at risk of developing postanesthetic myopathy. Side effects, including ataxia, may result from dantrolene administration.
Cardiac arrhythmias identified in horses with duodenitis/proximal jejunitis: six cases (1985-1988). During a 3 1/2-year period, cardiac arrhythmias were identified in 6 of 67 horses diagnosed with duodenitis/proximal jejunitis (DPJ). Arrhythmias were detected by auscultation of irregular cardiac rhythm and subsequently were characterized by electrocardiographic evaluation. Arrhythmias included frequent second-degree atrioventricular block, ventricular ectopic depolarizations, and atrioventricular conduction disturbance. In 4 horses, arrhythmias resolved with recovery from the primary problem. One horse died suddenly 66 hours after admission, and another was euthanatized at 72 hours after adm...
Distribution of equine infectious anemia in equids in southeastern United States. State veterinarians in 11 southeastern states completed a questionnaire designed to determine the proportion of equids in the region that were seropositive for equine infectious anemia (EIA). Cases of EIA were diagnosed in each of the states surveyed. Distinct geographic clusters of cases were apparent in Tennessee and Kentucky adjacent to the Mississippi River, in the Piedmont of North Carolina at the Virginia border, in north central Georgia, and throughout the Florida peninsula. It is suggested that the national EIA program could be improved by standardization and wider application of unifo...
Use of a liquid diet as the sole source of nutrition in six dysphagic horses and as a dietary supplement in seven hypophagic horses. Six horses with dysphagia (attributable to botulism, glossitis, or guttural pouch mycosis) were given a commercially available liquid diet as the sole source of nutrition. Seven horses with hypophagia caused by severe bacterial pleuropneumonia or peritonitis were given the liquid diet to supplement food consumed voluntarily. The liquid diet was administered through a nasogastric tube 2 or 3 times daily. Body weight did not change significantly, and pertinent laboratory values remained at satisfactory concentrations throughout the feeding period. Serious complications were not encountered. Thre...
Confirmation by Doppler echocardiography of valvular regurgitation in a horse with a ruptured chorda tendinea of the mitral valve. Regurgitation of blood through the left atrioventricular valve owing to the rupture of one of the chordae tendineae of the valve was diagnosed in a horse with sudden-onset respiratory distress and a holosystolic cardiac murmur. Severe regurgitation was confirmed with Doppler echocardiography and prolapse of part of the valve leaflet was identified with B-mode ultrasonography. The rupture of one of the chordae tendineae of a right accessory cusp of the left atrioventricular valve was confirmed post mortem. Bronchiolitis, multifocal haemorrhages and haemorrhagic fibrous plaques were found in the...
Two rare cutaneous neoplasms in horses: apocrine gland adenocarcinoma and carcinosarcoma. Two rare equine cutaneous neoplasms, an apocrine gland adenocarcinoma and a carcinosarcoma were diagnosed in a 17-year-old pony and a 14-year-old mare, respectively. The apocrine gland adenocarcinoma was present on the prepuce. Histologically, papillary projections of low cuboidal to columnar epithelial cells were generally well differentiated, and surrounded dilated acini. Stromal invasion was present, but vascular and lymphatic invasion was not seen. The carcinosarcoma was present in the right flank of the mare. Two discrete cell populations were characterized histologically. One portion of ...
Intra-osseous pressure and pressure pulse gradients along the equine third metatarsal bone. Intra-osseous pressure measurements in the third metatarsal bone of anesthetised young and mature ponies demonstrated that a pressure gradient exists along the bone, the pressure being highest at the level of the nutrient foramen and decreasing distally and proximally from this point. The height of the intra-osseous pressure pulse also decreased toward the bone ends. It is concluded that the sites of measurement of the intra-osseous pressure in clinical and experimental studies should be standardized.
Equine motor neuron disease; a preliminary report. A spontaneous motor neuron disease or neuronopathy was identified in 10 horses from the northeastern United States. Signs of generalized weakness, muscle fasciculations, muscle atrophy and weight loss progressed over 1 to several months in young and old horses of various breeds. Pathologic studies revealed that degeneration and loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain stem resulted in axonal degeneration in the ventral roots and peripheral and cranial nerves and denervation atrophy of skeletal muscle. Many spinal neurons were swollen, chromatolytic and contained neurofilamentous accu...
Two autosomal trisomies in the horse: 64,XX,-26,+t(26q26q) and 65,XX,+30. The phenotypic effects in a yearling Arab filly of a newly described equine autosomal trisomy syndrome for chromosome 30 (65,XX,+30) consisted of small size and severe angular deviation of front legs accompanied by mild polydactyly, but no mental dullness. This case was associated with advanced maternal age. Additional banding studies of a second trisomy case confirmed the assignment to chromosome 26 (64,XX,-26,+t(26q26q)) and evidence of her fertility was presented.
Effect of inositol hexakisphosphate on the spectroscopic properties of the nitric oxide derivative of ferrous horse and bovine hemoglobin. The effect of inositol hexakisphosphate (IHP) on the spectroscopic (EPR and absorbance) properties of the nitric oxide derivative of ferrous horse and bovine hemoglobin (Hb) has been investigated. In the absence of IHP, the nitric oxide derivative of ferrous horse Hb shows spectroscopic properties similar to those of the corresponding derivative of ferrous human Hb that are generally taken as typical of the high affinity state of tetrametric hemoproteins. Similar to human Hb, the addition of IHP to the nitric oxide derivative of ferrous horse Hb induces a transition toward a species characteri...
[Epidemiology, chemotherapy, anthelmintics-resistance and prevention of Strongylidae infections in horses]. The epidemiology, chemotherapy and control of strongylus infections in the horse are discussed. The annual cycle of various species are stated. In addition the anthelmintics available for treatment and control and the occurrence of anthelmintic resistance are referred to. Finally the options for control under various management conditions (little if any grazing; extensive grazing; intensive grazing) are discussed.
[Several physiologic aspects of the reactions of foals in the first three days after weaning]. Changes have been observed in nine foals, six months of age, after weaning for the time of three days, namely in the intake of drinking water, hematocrit, sedimentation of erythrocytes and three minerals Na+, K+ and Cl-. Foals respond to weaning immediately, lowering significantly their consumption of drinking water and increasing high significance of Na+ and Cl-. Changes of level K+, hematocrit and sedimentation don't show any significant variations. The results reached are to be considered as an introductory information for further inquiry on the more extensive methodical basis.
Neospora caninum (Apicomplexa) in an aborted equine fetus. Tachyzoites of Neospora caninum were found in sections of lung of an equine fetus aborted 2 mo before term. Individual tachyzoites were approximately 3-5 x 2-3 microns, divided by endodyogeny, and stained positively with anti-N. caninum serum but not with anti-Toxoplasma gondii serum. Toxoplasma gondii antibody was not found in the mare's serum. This is the first report of N. caninum in a horse and indicates that N. caninum can be transmitted transplacentally in equids.
