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Topic:Veterinary Medicine
Veterinary medicine for horses encompasses the study and application of medical practices to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases in equine species. This field involves a comprehensive understanding of equine anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. Veterinary practitioners employ a range of diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions to address health issues in horses, including lameness, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory conditions, and infectious diseases. Preventative care, such as vaccination and deworming programs, is also a significant aspect of equine veterinary medicine. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of veterinary medicine as it pertains to horses, including advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and preventive health strategies.
Malabsorption in the horse associated with alimentary lymphosarcoma. Three horses suffering from malabsorption were shown to have alimentary lymphosarcoma predominantly affecting the small intestine and the associated lymph nodes. The diffuse cellular infiltration in two of the case produced marked changes in the villous architecture reducing the available mucosal surface area, and, with lowered or barely detectable disaccharidase activities, contributed to the impairment of digestive-absorptive processes. One of the horses maintained a voracious appetite and was not diarrhoeic, but failed to gain weight, indicating differences in the production and utilisation...
Traumatic hyphema and iridocyclitis in the horse. Traumatic iridocyclitis and hyphema in the horse usually follow blunt blows to the orbit and eye. The condition is characterized by miosis, ocular hypotony, ciliary flush, swelling of the iris, and hemorrhage with excessive fibrin in the anterior chamber which permits from 2 to 6 weeks. Vigorous treatment with mydriatics, topical and systemic corticosteroids is recommended. Possible complications include anterior and posterior synechiae, cataracts, and fibropupillary membranes.
The treatment of horses with chronic back pain by resecting the summits of the impinging dorsal spinous processes. This paper describes the surgical treatment of 14 horses exhibiting chronic back pain attributed to impaction and overriding of the dorsal spines in the thoracolumbar region. The technique involved the resection of the summits of one or more dorsal spines following midline division of the supraspinous ligament. All the horses returned to full work after a convalescent period of at least four months, and 12 of them showed considerable improvement in their form and performance. A post-surgical complication encountered in one case was the development of new bone on the edge of a resected spine. T...
Closure of ductus arteriosus determined by cardiac catheterization and angiography in newborn foals. The physiologic closure of the ductus areteriosus was determined in 4 foals less than 16 hours old. The common carotid artery was catheterized, using local anesthesia and tranquilization, and contrast medium was injected into the ascending aorta. Radiographs were made of heart and great vessels during and after the injection to visualize the pathway of injected contrast medium.
[Dry erythrocytic diagnostic agent for the determination of antiglobulins]. Dry erythrocytic diagnostic agents were obtained under experimental conditions for determination of antiglobulins forming in the organism of man and animals under the effect of serum preparations from the blood of horses and homologoum immunoglobulins. A study was made of the sera of 100 patients with tick-borne encephalitis treated with heterologous and homologous immunoglobulins of directed action; in response to the administration of horse gamma-globulin antiglobulins (in titres below 1 : 10000) appeared in the serum; they circulated in the blood for long periods and inhibited the accumulat...
Influence of induced hypermagnesemia and hypocalcemia on neuromuscular blocking property of oxytetracycline in the horse. The neurally evoked contractile response of the upper lip muscles of horses anesthetized with halothane was used to evaluate the neuromuscular blocking property of oxytetracycline which was administered intravenously at total dose rate of 21 to 28 mg/kg. This dose rate did not alter the contractile response which had a mean control value (and standard error; SE) of 1.76 plus or minus 0.22 kg. Arterial blood pressure was not affected by these dose rates. Neuromuscular blocking effect of the antibiotic occurred when it was administered during partial neuromuscular blockade which had been induced...
The influence of exercise on serum enzyme levels in the horse. A group of clinically normal horses was subjected to controlled strenuous exercise. Elevated serum concentrations of lactic dehydrogenase, aldolase and creatine kinase were observed after exercise but no significant change in serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase was noted. These changes were reduced by repeated exposure to exercise suggesting that measurement of serum enzyme elevations, particularly creatine kinase, might be a useful index of fitness in the horse. Administration of prednisolone prior to exercise also reduced these changes. Since the serum enzyme concentrations had returned t...
Some serological reactions to “brucella” antigen in the horse. Seventy-three samples of serum, from 69 horses and one zebra, were subjected to the Rose Bengal Plate, serum tube agglutination, complement fixation, and anti-equine globulin (Coombs') tests for brucellosis. Fifty-one of the samples, from 48 horses, were submitted by practising veterinary surgeons; of these, 22 samples were associated with clinical conditions which might have been due to brucellosis. Fourteen samples were from healthy horses known to have been in contact with infected cattle, and six were from horses which were known not to have been exposed to brucellosis. More reactions at a...
Influence of magnesium deficiency on horse foal tissue concentraion of Mg, calcium and phosphorus. 1. The effects of feeding with a purified magnesium-deficient diet (--Mg, 7-8 mg Mg/kg) on horse foal blood serum and tissue concentrations of Mg, calcium and phosphorus were studied, and the results compared with histopathological findings. 2. Serum concentrations of Ca and P were unaffected by feeding with the --Mg diet, whereas serum Mg concentrations decreased from a mean initial (day o) concentration of 0.78 mmol/l to 0.53 mmol/l 7 d after foals were placed on the -Mg diet, and then continued to decrease at a slower rate. 3. Aorta concentrations of Ca and P, but not Mg, were positively co...
Ventricular septal defect in a 7-year-old gelding. A congenital heart defect characterised by persistent patency (open-ness) of the ventricular septum, permitting flow of blood directly between ventricles, bypassing the pulmonary circulation and resulting in various degrees of cyanosis (blue discolouration of the skin) due to oxygen deficiency. Clinical signs include systolic murmur and a palpable thrill on both sides of the chest, dyspnoea and poor tolerance of exercise.
Suppression of the pathogenic effects of Strongylus edentatus larvae with thiabendazole. Four pony foals were inoculated with Strongylus edentatus infective larvae and on days 3 and 4 postinfection two of the ponies were treated with thiabendazole, each at the rate of 440 mg/kg of body weight. Total circulating eosinophil counts in untreated ponies increased to over 1700 per cu mm after the second week postinfection. In the treated ponies as well as in an uninfected untreated pony eosinophil counts did not increase beyond 100 per cu mm. At necropsy on day 35 postinfection the cecum, colon and omentum of treated ponies were normal and few tracks were present on the surface of the l...
Morphological studies on the fetal membranes of the normal singleton foal at term. Of 211 consecutive thoroughbred foalings, 145 satisfied a set of criteria for normal parturition and foal viability. The fetal membranes from these and from 10 pony foalings have been systematically examined morphologically and quantitatively and the findings compared to those of other authors. Five sites on the allantochorion were consistently devoid of villi. Expulsion usually occurred with the non-villous side outermost. In 24 per cent of allantochorions the non-pregant horn was of equal length or longer than the pregnant horn. These placentae tended to be shed with the villous side outermo...
Effects of histamine and acetylcholine on equine digital lymph flow and composition. We measured the flow rate and protein concentration of lymph collected from a digital lymphatic in eight anesthetized ponies. Additionally, we recorded systemic arterial pressure (Part), and small vein pressure (Psv). Control lymph flow averaged 0.068 ml/min, and contained 3.11 g/100 ml of protein with albumin/globulin ratio of 0.75. Twenty-minute local intra-arterial infusion of acetylcholine (10 mug/min.) elevated Psv but did not increase lymph flow rate or protein concentration. A 60-min local intra-arterial infusion of histamine (10 mug/min) produced a marked sustained increase in Psv and ...
Isolation of equine herpesvirus type 1 from a horse with an acute paralytic disease. A Standardbred mare became paralyzed shortly after showing signs of an upper respiratory infection. The mare was euthanized and equine herpesvirus type 1 was isolated from the brain and spinal cord.
Serum immunoglobulin, dermal response, and lymphocyte transformation studies in horses with chronic diarrhea. Serum specimens from 12 sick and 20 normal horses were examined for levels of different classes of immunoglobulin (Ig) by a single radial immunodiffusion. The level of IgA in the sera of sick horses was about 50% lower than in the sera of normal horses. By contrast, the level of serum IgG was higher in sick than in normal horses. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) responsiveness of blood lymphocytes showed transient suppression during the stage of severe diarrhea. The regaining of PHA responsiveness of lymphocytes was observed simultaneously with the recovery process. However, the responsiveness of lymp...
The relation of infection to infertility in the mare and stallion. Many normally fertile stallions harbour bacteria in and on the genital organs. Many mares served by such stallions are unaffected by the bacteria to which they are thus exposed; however, some mares so exposed will become infected and diseased. Presumably, the genital defenses of such mares had been compromised. Strain differences in pathogenicity of bacteria do exist. Some mares affected with pyometra had irregular ovarian activity and some had normal ovarian cycles. In the former group, destruction of the endometrium many have prevented the production of endogenous luteolysin. The leukopenia ...
The cells of equine blood and their development. Based on morphologie studies on bone marrow, lymphnode and blood preparations the cells of equine blood and their developmental stages are described and illustrated with 32 coloured photographs.
Pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin: rate of clearance from the circulation of sheep. The process involved in the disappearance of PMSG from the blood of sheep, following a single intravenous injection, has been separated into two exponential components. Values (mean plus or minus S.E.) calculated from experiments on five animals were: metabolic clearance rate (37.8 plus or minus 1.6 ml hr-minus 1); rate constant of disposal (0.0315 plus or minus 0.0016 hr-minus 1); half-time of disposal (21.2 plus or minus 1.1 hr). The stage of the oestrous cycle, ovariectomy and the dose of PMSG used had no apparent effect on these values.
Onchocerca cervicalis infection in horses from the western United States. In a study of Onchocerca cervicalis infection in a sample of 100 horses from the western United States, 48 were infected. Infection was more common in older horses and occurred in both sexes equally. Data about the distribution and the concentration of microfilariae within the skin are presented. The only cutaneous pathologic change that could be attributed to microfilariae was minimal perivascular inflammatory cell infiltrate. Invasion of the eye with microfilariae occurred in 60 percent of the infected horses. An attempt was not made to relate microfilarial invasion of the eye with ocular pa...
